Grammar in Use Expressing ability and possibility

6. Look and learn.

We use can, could and be able to to express ability and possibility.

Present	can, am/is/are able to
Past	could, was/were able to
Future	can + time expression, will be able to

To emphasize the difficulty or to suggest a great effort (in the present, past or future) we use mange to or succeed in +-ing form.

e.g. They couldn’t/weren’t able to solve the problem.

He didn’t understand but I was able to explain the problem to him.

Will I be able to speak fluently by the end of the course?

Do you think she’ll manage to make a decision?

He succeeded in running the company.

7. Choose a suitable form of can, could, be able to, manage to or succeed in to complete the sentences.

1. Some people ... do complicated mathematical calculations in their heads.

2. Did you ... to persuade your partner to make a deal?

3. Have you ... in meeting your objectives?

4. I ... apply the knowledge I recieved at the university in practice.

5. It was difficult to solve the problem but we ... to do it.

6. If we work hard, we ... to achieve the goals.

7. Management must choose specific resources that ... best accomplish its goals.

8. Today we … say that management is a developing science.

9. You … become a manager only by managing.

10. The modern manager should … to evaluate the needs of the environment in which his business functions.

8. Translate into English.

1. Хороший менеджер - это менеджер, который не только может повести за собой людей, но и тот, который знает, куда он идет, и сможет привести себя и своих подчиненных к цели.

2. История знает многих выдающихся менеджеров, которые смогли практически из ничего сделать то, что удивляет и поныне.

3. Ресурсами менеджера являются такие средства, которые он может успешно применить в процессе управления организацией.

4. Менеджер смог принять правильное решение, и мы выполнили работу в срок.

5. Вы не сможете стать хорошим менеджером, если вы не знаете основ менеджмента, не умеете применять принципы и теории управления на практике.

Speaking Task

9. Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner the importance of management for a company or an organization. Some people say management is the art, others - the science. What do you think of it?

Writing

10. Read the article about the management principles. Choose 3 principles which you consider the most important and write a short composition expressing your opinion.

Management Principles developed by Henri Fayol:

Division of work: Work should be divided among individuals and groups to ensure that effort and attention are focused on special portions of the task.

Authority: The concepts of authority and responsibility are closely related. Authority is the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. Responsibility involves being accountable. Whoever assumes authority also assumes responsibility.

Discipline: A successful organization requires the common effort of workers. Penalties should be applied judiciously to encourage this common effort.

Unity of command: Workers should receive orders from only one manager.

Unity of direction: The entire organization should be moving towards a common objective in a common direction.

Subordination of individual interests to general interst: The interests of one person should not take priority over the interests of the organization as a whole.

Remuneration: Many variables, such as cost of living, supply of qualified personnel, general business conditions, and success of the business, should be considered in determining a worker’s rate of pay.

Centralization: Fayol defined centralization as lowering the importance of the subordinate role. Decentralization is increasing the importance. The degree to which centralization or decentralization should be adopted depends on the specific organization in which the manager is working.

Scalar chain: Managers in hierarchies are part of a chain like authority scale. Each manager, from the first line supervisor to the president, possess certain amounts of authority.

Order: Both equipment and people must be well chosen, well placed, and well organized.

Equity: All employees should be treated as equally as possible.

Stability of tenure of personnel: Retaining productive employees should always be a high priority of management.

Initiative: Management should take steps to encourage worker initiative, which is defined as new or additional work activity undertaken through self direction.

Esperit de corps: Management should encourage harmony and general good feelings among employees.