- •KAzan federal univeRsIty Essential English for Biology Students kazan
- •The Content
- •Init IV. Inheritance 67
- •Unit I. What is biology?
- •Text 1.1 The Characteristics Of Life
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •X. Food for thought:
- •XI. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •Text 1.2. What Do Biologists Do?
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
- •IV. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary.
- •IX. Food for thought.
- •X. Traslate into English using all the active possible
- •XI. Prepare a short presentation to answer the question:
- •XII. Write a letter to your tutor telling him or her which areas of Biology you would like to specialize in and why. Use these notes to help you.
- •XIII. Prepare a short presentation to answer the question:
- •Unit II. Сell
- •Text 2.1 Cell Theory
- •A typical animal cell
- •A typical plant cell
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms:
- •VII. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •Text 2.2. Introduction To Cell Division
- •Chromosomes form homologous pairs
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •Text 2.3. Microscopes
- •Magnification and resolution
- •The transmission electron microscope
- •The scanning electron microscope
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Match the sentence halves. Make complete centences:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Unit III. Molecular biology of the gene
- •Text 3.1. Dna Structure
- •In summary
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Fill in the missing words:
- •III. Use a monolingual English dictionary and give the definitions of the words below:
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •V. Suggest Russian equivalents for the following word combinations
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •IX. Food for thought:
- •X.Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •Text 3.2 Chromosomes
- •V. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •VI. Read and translate the short text without a dictionary:
- •VII. Food for thought:
- •VIII. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •IX. Use a monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •X. Read the text and render it in English:
- •XI. Prepare a short presentation reflecting the following issues:
- •Init IV. Inheritance
- •Text 4.1. Variation
- •I.Quick check
- •II. Using a monolingual English dictionary define the following genetic terms:
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •V. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VI. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •VIII. Food for thought:
- •IX.Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •X. Meet essential targets reflecting the following issues:
- •Text 4.2. Down's Syndrome And Genetic Screening
- •Down's syndrome: trisomy 21
- •V. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •X. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •XI. Meet essential targets reflecting the following issues:
- •Unit V. Nervous and hormonal coordination
- •Text 5.1. Nerves And Hormones
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Using monolingual English dictionary write down what the words below mean:
- •V. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •VIII. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations and make up sentences with them:
- •IX. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary
- •X. Food for thought.
- •XI. Prepare a short presentation on 2 or 3 glands reflecting the following issues:
- •Text 5.2. Setting up a nerve impulse
- •Investigating nerve impulses
- •Ion channels and action potentials
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Using monolingual English dictionary write down what the words below mean:
- •V. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •VI. Translate into English using all the active possible:
- •VIII. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 6.2. Natural Selection
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 6.3. Artificial Selection
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 6.4. Human Evolution: Primate Ancestors
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •IV. Match these words with their definitions:
- •V. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms:
- •VII. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Match the sentence halves. Make complete sentences:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Unit VII. Photosynthesis
- •Text 7.1. Photosynthesis: An Overview
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 7.2 Factors Affecting The Rate Of Photosynthesis
- •I. Quick check:
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Text 7.3. Photosynthesis In Different Climates
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •XI. Food for thought:
- •Unit VIII. Structure and transport in plants
- •Text 8.1 The Leaf
- •I. Quick check
- •II. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •VIII. Match the sentence halves. Make complete sentences.
- •IX. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before.
- •X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary.
- •XI. Food for thought
- •XII. Translate into English using all the active possible.
- •Text 8.2. The Stem
- •I. Quick check
- •III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
- •IV. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
- •IX. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:
- •X. Food for thought:
- •XI. Translate into English using all the active possible.
- •Supplementary reading Texts for Reading, Retelling and Discussing
- •Extract from a lecture about immunization
- •Quick check:
- •Griffith's experiment: transformation of pneumococci.
- •Quick check:
- •Quick check:
- •Quick check:
- •Suggested Answers and Solutions
- •Glossary of Biological Terms
- •Appendices
- •Book Presentation (Useful Language)
- •Phrases to Be Used in Discussion
- •References – Список использованной литературы
- •Web – Resources and Support Web links to some useful and helpful resources:
I. Quick check
What distinguishes stems from other plant?
List the four functions structures?
How do parenchyma cells support herbaceous stems?
Fill in the missing words:
Term (verb) |
Noun |
Adjective |
disperse |
....... |
……. |
attach |
....... |
……. |
…..... |
location |
……. |
identify |
....... |
……. |
store |
....... |
……. |
maintain |
....... |
……. |
penetrate |
….. |
……. |
......... |
strength |
……. |
grow |
........ |
……. |
add |
....... |
……. |
III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:
ground, growth, woody stem, non-woody stem, exchange, flexibility, growing season, resist, bundle.
IV. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
N |
Russian term |
English equivalent |
|
наземные растения |
|
|
получать оптимальную экспозицию к свету |
|
|
удерживать цветы и плоды |
|
|
эффективное опыление |
|
|
рассеивание семян |
|
|
заменять умершие клетки |
|
|
хранить (запасать) воду, питательные вещества |
|
|
трудно опознать (идентифицировать) |
|
|
эпидермис заменяется корой |
|
|
внутренние части стебля |
|
|
принимать форму пучков (узлов) |
|
|
придавать стеблю прочность и гибкость |
|
V. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms:
N |
English term Russian equivalent |
|
1 |
foremost organs of support |
|
2 |
attachment site of a leaf |
|
3 |
most stems point upward |
|
4 |
easily distinguished from |
|
5 |
unusual shape of location |
|
6 |
swollen underground stems |
|
7 |
maintain the shape of the stem |
|
8 |
reduce water loss |
|
9 |
rigid woody tissue |
|
10 |
in softer turgid tissues |
|
VI. Find synonyms among the pool of words:
Pool of words |
Synonyms |
1)1.keep/2.replace/3.gain/4.store/5.substitude/6.obtain/ |
|
2)1.ground / 2. appear / 3. soil / 4. emerge |
|
3)1.reinforce/2.like/3.situation/4.similar/5.position/6.strengthen |
|
4)1.support / 2. seem / 3. maintain/ 4. appear |
|
5)1.tough/2. strength/3.rigid/4.force/5.locate/6.situate |
|
VII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:
How is the stem centre called?
What kind of form does the vascular tissue take?
Where is the tough rigid vascular bundles embedded in?
How are vascular bundles arranged in the:
a) dicotyledonous plants
b) monocotyledonous plants?
Are the stems of trees supported by parenchyma?
What does the epidermis help?
What does the inner part of the stems consist of?
What is epidermis covered with?
Where do most stems point?
VIII. Match the sentence halves. Make complete sentences:
1. |
The stems of most plants are foremost organs of support because |
A. |
upwards from the ground.
|
2. |
Most stems point |
B. |
parenchyma cells for storage or it may be devoid of cells. |
3. |
Some stems have an unusual shape of location which |
C. |
vascular bundles embedded in undifferentiated cells. |
4. |
All stems of whatever size, shape or location are distinguishable as such by |
D. |
gaseous exchange takes place. |
5. |
The epidermis is covered with |
E. |
they lift terrestrial plants above the ground rising their leaves towards the sun. |
6. |
Bark is penetrated by small pores called lenticels through which |
F. |
waxy cuticle to reduce water loss. |
7. |
The inner parts of the stems of most non-woody plants consist of |
G. |
makes them more difficult to identify. |
8. |
Vascular tissue in the stem take the form of |
H. |
the presence of nods and internodes. |
9. |
The stem centre is called pitch. It may consist of |
I. |
bundles containing phloem and xylem and reinforces with strong fibres. |