English
.pdf3. I strongly believe elderly people deserve far better lives than they have
now.
4.I would never have thought you could start dating with my girlfriend.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1.To start any business a person needs to own a pretty large sum of money.
2.The aim is to produce beers that are sterile, have a long shelf life and are highly profitable.
3.The company now hopes to transfer what has been developed to another
vendor.
4.I am sorry to have told him about my intentions.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.
Economic growth versus the business cycle
Economists draw a distinction between short-run economic changes in production and long-run economic growth. Short-run variation in economic growth is termed the "business cycle." Briefly, the business cycle is made up of booms and busts in production that occur over a period or months or years. The most recent example of a business cycle was the global boom starting in approximately 2002 that ended with the bust of 2008-09. As discussed in the article on the business cycle, economists attribute the ups and downs in the business cycle to a number of causes including: overproduction of goods followed by large inventories that can't be readily sold, overexpansion of credit resulting in piling up of debt that inhibits purchasing, speculative bubbles, and shocks like wars, political upheavals and so on.
In contrast, the topic of economic growth is concerned with the long-run trend in production due to basic causes such as industrialization. The business cycle moves up and down, creating fluctuations in the long-run trend in economic growth.
Answer the questions:
1.What is short-run variation in economic growth termed?
2.What was the most recent example of a business cycle?
3.What is the topic of economic growth concerned with?
4.Do economists draw a distinction between short-run economic changes in production and long-run economic growth?
Вариант II.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола.
1.The profits of our employees have been increased for the last two years.
2.The ability to work is considered as one of the most important abilities you should possess to be accepted into our company.
3.The commodity exchange has been closed down today morning.
4.The tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries are regulated by international organizations such as the WTO (World Trade Organization)
II.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов IT , THAT, ONE.
1.It was impossible for slave-owners to motivate the dependent but sometimes enthusiastic work force.
2.The theory says that the size of management can range from one person in a small organization to hundreds of managers in multinational companies.
3.The money that you make never seems to match the one that you need.
4.It was a low quality fuel that caused a plane crash.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO.
1.I have to maintain my car myself because my car mechanic is on vacation.
2.Something is wrong with my car. I was disassembling the oil pump all the day long. I think oil has to be changed.
3.You do not have a right to approve purchasing requisition for office stationary.
4.I know I am being a baby but I can’t help it.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1.The molecules every substance consists of are in a state of constant motion.
2.I don’t remember the title of the book I read half a year ago.
3.The excursions tourists are offered are really expensive in summer.
4. All the money I was able to save for so many years was supposed to be spent on my children’s future studies.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1.The customers waited for the manager to register an order.
2.The summit talks are reported to be a success.
3.To increase the motivation of personnel company management should think about the ways how to stimulate it.
4.I regret to have answered you so late.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.
International trade
International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (sell goods to another country) and import (buy goods from another country). Governments can control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionist as they raise the price of imported goods to «protect» domestically produced goods.
International organizations such as the WTO (World Trade Organization) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries.
Companies can choose various methods to establish their products in a foreign market. One option is to start by working with local experts such as sales agents or distributors, who have the knowledge of the market and sell on behalf of the company. This often leads to the company opening a local branch or sales office. Another option is to sell patents and licenses, or give permission to use patents and licenses for their products. Companies may wish to start by manufacturing in the export market, in which case they can either set up a local subsidiary or a joint venture with a local partner.
Answer the questions:
1.What is international trade?
2.What is understood under the term «export»?
3.What is import?
4.Are there any measures to control international trade?
5.What are the methods to establish products in a foreign market?
Вариант III.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола.
1.The draft bill has been turned down by central authorities.
2.The driver was deprived of his driver’s license because of the infringement of the law.
3.The abstract journal which deals with the mechanical production is released every month.
4.Hot water is provided by the hotel 24 hour a day.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов IT , THAT, ONE.
1.The neighbour noted the weather was not that bad as it had been announced in the report the day before.
2.The newly opened health center turned out to be not so popular in the neighbourhood as the one opened a few years ago.
3.It’s a great privilege for Russia to host Football World Cup in 2018.
4.As soon as my vacation began I suggested that our family take a trip
to Spain.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO.
1.President elections are to be conducted in a year.
2.One of our coworkers has gotten ill, so all his duties have to be distributed between all the rest people in the office.
3.All necessary preparations must be done one day before the experiment starts.
4.This man is always doing something to make himself notorious.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1.Some amendments the government had made in the law turned out a
failure.
2.Such great success the company has managed to make for the past years is due to the sponsors support.
3.When the Police was questioning the witness he denied the suspect had been seen in the restaurant that night.
4.When he gave his plastic card to the wife he couldn’t even think she would be able to spend so much money.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1.Our university professor is thought to be honest and kind.
2.The last director of our works is known to be the best one.
3.To become a successful person you should first develop self-
discipline.
4.At that moment I was happy to have found another better-paid job.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.
Письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.
From the history of automobile industry
The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event.
Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn
carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen, in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W) 122 cc (7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle. Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.
Until 2005, the U.S.A. was leading the world in total automobile production. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2008. In 2009, China took the top spot with 13.78 million units produced. With 18.3 million units produced 2010, China produced nearly twice the amount of second place Japan (9.6 million units), the U.S. trailed in place 3 with 7.8 million units.
Answer the questions:
1.When was the first practical automobile with a petrol engine built?
2.What event does a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorate?
3.What country was leading the world in total automobile production until
2005?
4. Bemardi enlarged the tricycle in 1895 to carry two adults, didn‘t he?
Вариант IV.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола.
1.The industrial process of production in this company is taken under the manager’s control.
2.His accommodation has been booked by his secretary.
3.A lot of patience is needed to solve the problem fairly.
4.A lot of people are hired by this company every year.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов IT , THAT, ONE.
1.It’s doubtful that the construction of a new underground station will be finished
on time.
2.Different services in Volgograd are cheaper than ones in Moscow.
3.The government has decided that this Police officer should be given a medal.
4.Everyone knows that violence can provoke only aggressiveness.
III.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO.
1. I do believe that my son will make a success in his career.
2. On his way to work he got into a slight car accident, but the same day had his car fixed in the service center.
3. When all the duties were distributed I happened to get the worst task and was to deliver some papers to our partners to the other side of the city.
4. The director asks not to disturb him at the moment, he is thinking about the plan.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1.The medicine the doctor prescribed to me had no effect at all.
2.However he tried for several months the scientist wasn’t able to prove his theory was adequate and correct.
3.He knew he would never be happy in that country and made up his mind he would do best to move to Australia.
4.At last everything we needed on a trip was packed and we were ready to set
off.
V.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
5.To achieve your aim you have to follow some simple rules, one of which is not to delay things for tomorrow.
6.Our top manager is likely to get a promotion soon.
7.The new computer program seemed to be easy to use.
8.Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.
The origin of management
Difficulties arise in tracing the history of management. Some see it (by definition) as a late modern (in the sense of late modernity) conceptualization. On those terms it
cannot have a pre-modern history, only harbingers (such as stewards). Others, however, detect management-like-thought back to Sumerian traders and to the builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. Slave-owners through the centuries faced the problems of exploiting/motivating a dependent but sometimes unenthusiastic or recalcitrant workforce, but many pre-industrial enterprises, given their small scale, did not feel compelled to face the issues of management systematically. However, innovations such as the spread of Arabic numerals (5th to 15th centuries) and the codification of doubleentry book-keeping (1494) provided tools for management assessment, planning and control.
Given the scale of most commercial operations and the lack of mechanized recordkeeping and recording before the industrial revolution, it made sense for most owners of enterprises in those times to carry out management functions by and for themselves. But with growing size and complexity of organizations, the split between owners (individuals, industrial dynasties or groups of shareholders) and day-to-day managers (independent specialists in planning and control) gradually became more common.
Answer the questions:
1.What problems did slave-owners face through the centuries?
2.Do any difficulties arise in tracing the history?
3.What innovations provided tools for management assessment, planning and
control?
4.Who are day-to-day managers?
Вариант V.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола.
1. The prime minister is often invited to various important events in different
cities.
2.The project of construction of a new skyscraper has been prepared on time.
3.There are only a few holidays which are celebrated all over the world.
4.International trade is always controlled by governments.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов IT , THAT, ONE.
1.Doctors say that we shouldn’t eat carbohydrates and proteins if we want to lose
weight.
2.Working people in Russia have longer vacation than one that Americans annually have.
3.Psychologists are sure that the choice of profession of every person mainly depends on his or her own type of temperament.
4.It’s impossible to imagine our life without electricity nowadays, since not a single second passes when we don’t use any device which runs on electricity.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO.
1.Any commercial organization has to sustain the competitive ability to be a successful one.
2.He does like his profession as he is sure that it’s his cup of tea.
3.According to the schedule tomorrow I will be to account to the director for what I have achieved this year.
4.All I really want to know is how to get as well-paid job in a town.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
5.It’s accepted by everyone Internet is one of the most progressive sources of
information.
6.The sportsman realizes he was hardly ever able to get the first prize at that
competition.
7.We suppose the price reduction is expected by the end of the year.
8.The accountant understands their bank won’t be able to avoid bankruptcy in crisis conditions.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
9.Only yesterday we happened to get to know that we had won a prize.
10.Our creative director doesn’t seem to want to do anything I suggest.
11.To support heavy industry in our country it’s necessary to invest a large sum of money in it.
12.I have lots of ideas in my head, but not so many years to make them true.
VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.
Information Technology
IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include but are not limited to things such as processes, computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages, and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools
IT professionals perform a variety of functions that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventional personal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs.
Answer the questions:
1.Is it correct to say that IT spans all the areas which deal with data
processing?
2.What does IT provide business with?
3.Give the examples of functions which IT specialists perform.
4.Does Information Technology somehow interact with any other technological areas?