- •Unit 1 computer users
- •Using Computers
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 1
- •Text 1a. Computerusers
- •Table a Table b
- •The digital age
- •Text 1b. Computers make the world smaller and smarter
- •Grammar review present forms
- •Verbs usually not used in any of the progressive tenses
- •Grammar Exercises
- •The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
- •Writing
- •Unit 2 computer architecture
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 2
- •Text 2a. Computer architecture
- •Text 2b. Cache memory
- •How a disk cache works
- •Grammar review. Past forms
- •The present perfect and past simple
- •I have done I did
- •The present perfect continuous and present perfect
- •I have been doing I have done
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Speaking/writing
- •Unit 3 peripherals
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 3
- •Text a. Peripherals
- •Post-reading activity
- •Specialist reading
- •Text b. Types of Printers
- •Grammar review future forms
- •It is interesting to know:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect or the Futures Simple.
- •Exercise 11. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect.
- •Writing
- •Text 4a. Personalcomputers
- •Specialist reading
- •Text 4b.Data mining
- •Grammar review. The passive voice
- •Table of passive voice
- •Active and passive voice (compare) Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •The Prepositions
- •Grammar Exercises prepositions
- •Prepositions of location:
- •In used to show location or destination in an area:
- •Intended goal/target
- •In is used for
- •Other common prepositions with multiple meaning
- •Writing/speaking Think about advantages and disadvantages of using a desktop computer, a laptop and a palm computer. Compare them.
The present perfect and past simple
I have done I did
1.Дія відбулася в минулому без точної вказівки часу. I have bought a new car.
2. Дія розпочалася в минулому і продовжується на даний момент (обставини не змінилися). I have been a clerk for two years.
3. Про новину говорять вперше.
I have found your keys.
4. Період виконання дії ще не закінчився. I haven’t done any work this afternoon. (говорять вдень, а не ввечорі) |
Iboughtthiscartenyearsago.
2. Дія, що завершилася в минулому не має зв’язку з теперішнім (обставини змінилися). I was a clerk for seven years. And I am retired now.
3. Уточнення новини, надається додаткова інформація. Thanks. Where did you find them?
4. Період, коли дія відбувалася, вже закінчився. I didn’t do any work this afternoon. (про події в день говорять ввечорі) |
The present perfect continuous and present perfect
I have been doing I have done
Дія відбувалася в минулому (процес) і призвела до певних результатів в теперішньому часі. I am tired. I have been working hard the whole day long.
|
Завершена дія, коли нас цікавить сам результат.
I have washed the dishes. | |
Used to |
to say that something regularly happened in the past but no longer happens (an old habit, to emphasize repetition in past positive sentences) For past situations (which no longer exist)
It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes done in informal spoken English. It is better to ask questions and create negative sentences using Simple Past.
|
I used to play tennis a lot, but now I’m too lazy. (also would play tennis)
We used to live
in a flat. (not
She used to have long hair but she cut it some time ago. Sarah used to be fat, but now she is thin. |
Would |
expresses past repeated actions and routines – not states ‘would’ is slightly more formal, more ‘bookish’ and can convey the idea that the speaker is reminiscing about the past. It is often used in writing to talk about the past in a misty-eyed, sentimental way. |
When I was young, I would go for a walk before. (also I used to go) In those days people would draw water from the village well. When I was a child I would wake up to the sound of birds singing. |
Be/Get used to |
to express habitual actions and means ‘be/get accustomed to’, ‘be in the habit of’, it is not new or strange to me. |
She is used to drivingon the left. He is used to livingalone.
Notice! not she is used |
Was going to |
Expresses actions one intended to do but didn’t |
She was going to buy a new watch but unfortunately she couldn’t afford one. |