- •Министерство финансов Российской Федерации
- •Утверждено и рекомендовано решением
- •В качестве учебного пособия
- •Введение
- •Chapter I law Unit 1 Introduction to Law
- •Introduction to Law
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •The Aims of Law
- •In trouble with the law law-abiding my word is law
- •Unit 2 What Law Is
- •What Is Law?
- •Social Morality, Rules and Laws
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter II sources of law Unit 3 Sources of English Law
- •Sources of English Law
- •The Principal Sources
- •The Subsidiary Sources
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 4 Sources of Modern Law
- •Text a Historical and Political Background
- •Text b Common Law Systems
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text c Common Law and Equity
- •Historical Development
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text d Sources of American Law
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text e Continental Systems
- •For You to Remember
- •Sources of Civil Law
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter III constitutions Unit 5 The History of Constitution
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b Characteristics of Constitutions
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 6 British Constitution
- •The Nature of the Constitution
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 7 us Constitution
- •Founding of the United States
- •Vocabulary
- •13 States convention written constitution
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 8 The Constitution of the Russian Federation
- •The New Russian Constitution
- •Amendments to the Constitution
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter IV the system of government Unit 9 The British Government of Today
- •Text a The Governmental Model
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •1) Государственная власть
- •2) Управление, руководство
- •3) Форма правления, государственное устройство, политический строй
- •4) Правительство, правительственный аппарат
- •Text b The British Parliament
- •Vocabulary
- •Parliamentary Control
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •The System of Government
- •The House of Commons
- •Parliamentary Debates
- •Text c Law-making Process in the uk
- •Stages of a Government Bill
- •The House of Commons
- •The House of Lords
- •The Royal Assent
- •Bill And Law
- •How Bills Go through Parliament
- •Vocabulary
- •Making New Law
- •Types of Bills
- •Vocabulary task
- •Text d The Prime Minister and the Cabinet
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text e The Role of the Monarch in Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •The Richest Woman in the World
- •Vocabulary task
- •Unit 10 The American Government of Today
- •System of Government in the United States
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 11 The System of Checks and Balances
- •Vocabulary
- •Checks and balances
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Checks and Balances
- •Unit 12 Law-making Process in the usa
- •Text a The Concept of Bicameral Legislature
- •How Congress Makes Laws
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text b The Political System of the usa
- •The Political System
- •The Constitution
- •Federalism
- •State and Local Government
- •Three Branches of Government
- •Two-Party System
- •Unit 13 The State System of Russia. The Parliament of the Russian Federation
- •Text a The State System of Russia
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text b The Parliament of the Russian Federation
- •Vocabulary
- •Article 97
- •Article 98
- •Article 99
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter V law enforcement Unit 14 Law Enforcement Bodies
- •Text a Role of Government
- •Text b Role of Police Force
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 15 Enforcing the Law in Britain
- •Text a The English Legal System
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b The British Police
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Identify showing murder investigation found dead
- •Unit 16 Law Enforcement in the usa
- •Text a Protecting the Rights of the Accused
- •Text b Police Technology in the usa
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Federal Bureau of Investigation
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 17 Law Enforcement in the Russian Federation
- •Text a Law Enforcement of Today
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b Application of Law Enforcement
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter VI the courts Unit 18 The Court System of the uk
- •Text a Judicial Institutions
- •Text b Classification of the English Courts
- •Text c The Hierarchy of the Courts
- •Restrictions
- •Vocabulary
- •It is useful to know
- •For you to know
- •5) Cause – судебный процесс, судебное дело, тяжба
- •6) Controversy – гражданский судебный процесс, правовой спор,
- •7) Process – судебный процесс, процедура, порядок, производство дел, судопроизводство, процессуальные нормы
- •8) Proceeding(s) – судебный процесс, рассмотрение дела в суде, судебное разбирательство, судебная процедура, производство по делу, судопроизводство
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text d Courts of England and Wales
- •Judicial organization
- •Unit 19 The u.S. Court System
- •Text a Understanding the u.S. Court System
- •State Courts
- •A Typical State Judicial System
- •Federal Courts
- •Text b Jurisdictions of the Federal and State Court Systems
- •The Federal Judicial System
- •9 Justices
- •12 Circuits
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text c The Miranda Warning
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 20 The Court System of the Russian Federation
- •The Court Structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text b Jurisdiction of Courts
- •The Constitutional Court
- •Jurisdiction of the Courts of General Jurisdiction
- •The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text c The Courts of the Subjects of the Russian Federation
- •Text d The Arbitrazh Court of the Russian Federation.
- •Jurisdiction of the Federal Arbitrazh Circuit Court as the Court of the First Instance
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Opening remarks at Meeting with the Judges of the Russian Court
- •Contents
- •Legal English - 1
Vocabulary tasks
A Match the English words and expressions with their Russian equivalents.
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For You to Know Court of Chancery 1 Канцлерский суд (в Великобритании до 1873г.); 2 амер. Суд системы «права справедливости» chancellor 1 канцлер; 2 главный судебный представитель суда справедливости (в некоторых штатах Америки) Lord Chancellor Лорд-канцлер (главное судебное должностное лицо, спикер палаты лордов, член кабинета министров) Judicature судоустройство; юрисдикция King’s Bench Суд королевской скамьи (до 1873 г.); Court of King’s Bench Supreme Court Верховный суд |
B Match the legal terms with their definitions.
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C Complete the text with the words from the box.
common (2) criminal barons Supreme maxims equity judge-made civil decentralized King’s Bench permanent facts redress Chancery Judicature justice remedies judges decided fairness separate |
Before the Norman Conquest the law in England was 1) ______ . Fear of the power of local 2) ______ led Henry II to create a 3) _______ royal court in London called the 4) ______ . 5) ______ from this court would travel the country hearing 6) ______ and 7) ______ cases. The central court in London 8) ______ the legal issue in a case and this would be applied to the 9) ______in the regional courts. In this way a 10) ______ system of law was developed which was 11) ______ to most parts of the country.
Equity was developed by the Court of 12) ______. It introduced new 13) ______ to provide 14) ______ for disappointed litigants. The common law courts were 15) ______ from the Court of Chancery until a single court was established by the 16) ______ Act 1873. Each branch of the 17) ______ Court of Judicature can administer 18) ______ law and 19) ______ . However, the difference between the two is still important because of the 20) ______ of equity. These illustrate that equity is based on 21) ______ and 22) ______.
D Write down the Russian equivalents for the words in bold type.
Equity came into being in the Middle Ages because common law was not always able to give redress to all litigants. The Court of Chancery provided equitable relief when it thought that the common law remedy was inequitable. Until 1875 there were two courts – the common law court and the Court of Chancery. The Judicature Court established a single court, the Supreme Court of Judicature. When the common law and laws of equity conflict, the laws of equity should prevail.
Over to you
Discuss this problem.
The definition of common law contrasts the body of law developed by the common-law courts and statute law, with Equity - the body of law originally formulated and developed by the Lord Chancellor and the Court of Chancery. Equity is a complex area of English law, mainly concerned with the law of property. The purpose of Equity was to add to or supplement common-law rules in cases where these were too rigid to give justice. These two parallel systems of justice exist side by side in English law and since 1873 they have been administered by the same courts.
The following example will show the different effect of common law and Equity in an actual case:
Suppose that Smith and Jones form a contract in which Smith agrees to sell Jones a certain piece of land. Smith later changes his mind and breaks the contract. At common law the court will order Smith to pay Jones money as compensation for the land he has lost. In Equity the court has discretion to order Smith to perform his part of the contract (to transfer the piece of land to Jones) if this is fair in the circumstances.
What is the difference between the result given by Equity and common law in the example?