- •Язык профессионального общения:
- •Starter activity
- •Reading one
- •Moral Re-armament: History and Challenges
- •1. Give definitions of the following words and word-combinations, make use of a dictionary. Reproduce the situations they are used in the text.
- •Reading two Britain’s Moral Crisis
- •Starter activity
- •Reading one What Makes People Volunteer
- •Speech activities
- •Reading two
- •Nurse Nicky Nears Her Peak of Fitness
- •Reading one Who Uses Drugs and Why?
- •2. Check and compare your answers with your partner. Language Focus
- •Reading two
- •Europe: Drugs – Adapting To New Realities
- •Reading three
- •They're toking up for algebra class. Teenagers need incentives to keep it clean
- •Reading four
- •Partnering Against Trafficking
- •Discussion
- •Imagine you are the head of a Charity Fund. Write a report about the charity activities your fund is performing. Functional vocabulary
- •Phrases related to the topic
- •Speech Functions Bank
- •I. Interrupting People
- •Reading One Status of Women
- •Status of women and girls around the world: facts and figures (provided by the Global Fund for Women)
- •Violence
- •Insert prepositions or particles where necessary.
- •Reading two Schoolbooks and the female stereotype
- •Reading One The Qualities to Look for in a Wife
- •Reading two What’s wrong with marrying for Love
- •Reading three
- •I’m your Equal, Partner!
- •Is your relationship out of balance? Scared to stick up for yourself? It's time for a change
- •Imagine you are having a row with your male partner/husband. Work in pairs and try to make it up with the help of the Five r’s.
- •Reading One Careers and Marriage
- •1. Explain the meaning of the word combinations used in the text:
- •3. What practical tips for having a stable and fruitful marriage were given in the text? Discuss them in pairs. Reading two They'll Never Go Home Again
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •Reading three The Frustrated Housewife
- •Insert a preposition or a particle where necessary.
- •Interview several working and staying-at-home mothers about their attitude to the problems raised in the text. Present the findings of your questionnaires in class and analyse the results together.
- •Role-play. Discuss the problem.
- •General Discussion
- •Phrases related to the topic
- •I. Asking for and Giving Opinions
- •2. Use appropriate language from the boxes above to ask for and give opinions in the following situations.
- •2. Explaining and Justifying
- •1. Make the following into statements explaining and justifying using the language from the box above.
- •2. Use appropriate language from the box above to make statements explaining and justifying in the following situations.
- •1. Asking for Clarification
- •2. Giving Clarification
- •1. Make the following into questions and statements asking for and giving clarification.
- •2. Ask for and give clarification in the following situations.
- •1. Make the following into statements of agreement and disagreement using the language in the boxes above.
- •Reading one Censorship Debate
- •Insert particles or prepositions where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian/Belarusian.
- •Reading two bbc Chiefs Order Tough Curb on tv Sex and Violence
- •Reading three
- •Is Film Censorship Necessary?
- •Insert particles or prepositions where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian/Belarusian.
- •Reading four Censorship – What and by Whom?
- •Insert particles or prepositions where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian/Belarusian.
- •Reading two
- •Public Concerns
- •Did he follow this pattern? ________
- •Reading three Paying the Price for News
- •Functional vocabulary
- •Phrases related to the topic
- •The power of the media Speech Functions Bank
- •I. Expressing Preferences
- •II. Talking about likes and Interests.
- •Starter activity
- •Reading one Ten Ways to find the best schools
- •Bruce Kemble. News Week. 2002 Language focus
- •A Whitehall checklist;
- •Speech activities
- •Reading two Slimmed-down School Curriculum Aims to Free Quarter of Timetable for Pupils Aged 11 to 14
- •Reading three High-Stakes Games
- •Reading four
- •5 Times More Florida Kids to Repeat Third Grade State's New Policy Links Promotion to Reading Test Scores
- •Reading one Why Parents Choose to Opt out of State System
- •In the following sentences use the right particle with the verb to put:
- •Reading two
- •Reading three The City – as- School
- •Imagine that a friend of yours is considering sending his/her child to a non-government school (institute) you are working in. Write a letter either encouraging or discouraging him/her.
- •Reading one Survey Results Detail What Top Entry Level Employers Want Most
- •Reading two Employers Still Prefer Traditional Degrees Over Online Learning, Study Finds
- •Insert prepositions or particles where necessary.
- •In groups of 3 or 4 prepare and stage a debate on the prospects of online learning. For more ideas read the supplementary texts and visit the relevant web sites.
- •Reading three Two in Three Trainee Teachers who Qualify 'Are not up to the Job'
- •Functional vocabulary
- •Phrases related to the topic
- •Speech Functions Bank
- •1. Asking for More Detailed Information
- •1. Make the following into questions or statements asking for more detailed information using the language in the box above.
- •2. Use appropriate language from the box above to ask for more detailed information in the following situations.
- •2. Making Comparisons
- •1. Make the following into statements of comparison using the language in the box above.
- •2. Use appropriate language from the box above to make statements of comparison about the following.
- •3. Making generalisations
- •2. Use appropriate language from the box above to make generalisations about the following.
Reading two
What do you think it is like to work as a correspondent? What problems may a correspondent face?
Public Concerns
Despite enjoying a period of unsurpassed wealth and influence in the 1990s and 2000s, the American media is troubled by rising public dissatisfaction. Critics complain that journalists are unfair, irresponsible or just plain arrogant. They complain that journalists are always emphasizing the negative, the sensational, and the abnormal rather than the normal. President science adviser expressed the irritation of many when he accused the press of “trying to tear down America.”
Some observers link the criticism to rising standards in journalism. “The press is more professional, more responsible, more careful, more ethical than it ever has been,” said David Shaw, media critic for the Los Angeles Times. “But we are also being far more critical toward other institutions, and people are asking, “Why don’t you criticize yourselves.” In fact, the rise of ombudsmen (spokesmen for groups with a grievance), “opinion-editorial” pages in newspapers, television time for statements of opinion and media review journals suggest that ways are being found for individuals and groups to present their views. During the early 1980s, a number of organized groups from both sides of the political spectrum were formed to monitor and critique the news media. Political balance in news reporting became an issue of debate and controversy.
Surveys show that the American public – on both sides of the political fence holds strong opinions about the press. According to a 2004 Gallup poll (survey of public opinion), 46 per cent of Americans believe the news media's bias is liberal, while 38 per cent said it is conservative, in contrast, most journalists – 59 per cent – described their political views as middle of the road.
Reporters are sometimes seen as heroes who expose wrongdoing on the part of the government or big business. In the early 1970s, for e.g., two young reporters for the Washington Post, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, investigated a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic Party in a Washington building known as “the Watergate.” Their reporting, along with an investigation by a Congressional committee and a court trial, helped implicate high White House official in the break-in. Woodward and Bernstein became popular heroes, especially after a film was made about them, and helped restore some glamour to the profession of journalism. Enrollments in journalism schools soared. With most students aspiring to be investigative reporters.
But there is a feeling that the press sometimes goes too far, crossing the fine line between the public’s right to know, on the one hand, and the right of individuals to privacy and the right of the government to protect the national security.
In many cases, the courts decide when the press has overstepped the bounds of its rights. Sometimes the courts decide in favor of the press. For e.g., in 1971 the government tried to stop the New York Times from publishing a secret study of the Vietnam War known as the Pentagon Papers, claiming that publication would damage national security But the US Supreme Court ruled that since the government had not proved that the damage to national security would be so great, the newspapers should he free to publish the information.
One growing pressure on reporters and editors is the risk of being sued. Even though the First Amendment protects the press from government interference, the press does not have complete freedom. There are laws against libel and invasion of privacy, as well as limits on what reporters may do in order to get a story.
Libel is any false and malicious writing or picture that exposes a person to public ridicule or injures his reputation. If a broadcast or published story falsely implies that a private citizen committed a crime or is mentally incompetent, for e.g., the victim would probably win a libel suit. But Supreme Court decisions have made it much harder for public officials or well-known public figures to prove libel. Such persons must prove not only that the story is wrong, but that the journalist published his story with actual malice.
The right of privacy is meant to protect individual Americans' peace of mind and security. Journalists cannot barge into people's homes or offices to seek out news and expose their private lives to the public. Even when the facts are true, most news organizations have their own rules and guidelines on such matters. For e.g., most newspapers do not publish the names of rape victims or of minors accused if crimes.
Americans’ right to a fair trial, guaranteed by the Constitution, has provoked many a media battle. Judges have often ordered journalists – many times unsuccessfully – not to publish damaging information about a person on trial. Also, in most states journalists may be jailed for contempt of court for refusing to identify the sources for their story if demanded by a court.
TV newspeople operate under an additional restriction called the Fairness Doctrine. Under this rule, when a station presents one viewpoint on a controversial issue, the public interest requires the station to give opposing viewpoints a chance to broadcast a reply.
In recent years, more news organizations are settling cases out of court to avoid costly – and embarrassing – legal battles. Editors say that major libel suits, which generally ask for millions of dollars in damages, are having a chilling effect on investigative reporting. This means that for fear of being involved in a costly libel suit, the reporter or news organization may avoid pursuing a controversial story although revelation of that information might he beneficial to the public. Most affected are small news operations, which do not have large profits to finance their defense. Press critics, however, say the chill factor also works the other way – against people who feel they have been wronged by publication of false information about them, but cannot afford to sue.
In short, the United States confronts a classic conflict between two deeply held beliefs: the right to know and the right to privacy and fair treatment. It is not a conflict that can he resolved with a single formula, but only on a case-by-case basis.
werrik.by.ru/2004.htm
Language focus
Explain the following notions and translate them into Russian/Belarusian:
malice;
ombudsman;
Gallup poll;
the Watergate;
to expose wrongdoings;
the fine line;
the First Amendment;
to sue;
libel suit;
on both sides of the political fence;
allegations.
Replace the italicized parts with the words from the texts:
The rise of pages on which editors express their opinion is a way for individuals and groups to present their views.
Surveys show that the American public with different political viewshold strong opinion about the press.
Woodward and Bernstein restored the impeccable reputationof the profession of journalism.
There is a feeling that the press sometimes goes too far and crosses the border linebetween the public’s right to know and the right to privacy.
Journalists cannot burstinto people’s houses and offices to seek out news.
Speech activities
Answer the following questions:
What were the results of the opinion polls held in 1984?
How did Woodward and Bernstein become popular heroes?
What does the right of privacy presuppose?
Are there any rules and guidelines that forbid publishing facts?
What is the Fairness Doctrine?
Why are news organizations settling their cases out of court?
Do you know any cases of a libel suit?
Express your attitude to the following:
journalists are unfair, irresponsible and arrogant;
reporters are heroes who expose wrongdoings on the part of the government or big businesses;
the press sometimes goes too far, crossing the fine line between the public’s right to know and the right to privacy;
journalists cannot barge into people’s homes or offices to seek out news.
Listening comprehension
Listen to an interview with a foreign correspondent based in Lisbon, Portugal and answer the following questions:
The journalist works for________________ news agency.
How many large world agencies are there? _______________________
How long has he worked for this agency? ________________________
He has worked in ________________ countries but has been based in:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
d)_______________________________________________________
and is leaving Portugal for_______________________________________
Traditionally, to enter journalism the following steps were taken:
2 3
either
1
or
2