- •Англійська мова
- •Contents
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: higher technical education
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Group the following words in three columns: nouns, verbs, adjectives.
- •Section 2
- •1. Read and translate the following text: the centenary of the kyiv polytechnic institute
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple Tense.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: origin of science
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Match the words from column a with their meanings from column b.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: mathematics — the language of science
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: the fields and uses of physics
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read the following groups of words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Give plural form of the following words.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: chemistry and chemical industry
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: communication with computer
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Section 2
- •What can computers do?
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple Tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Name the main elements of every computer.
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: man and biosphere
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Write the numerals in brackets in words.
- •Spell the following numerals:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: chornobyl nuclear accident
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Write pronouns instead of the words in brackets:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: the environmental problems of the western nations
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up sentences from the following sets of words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Insert the article a/the where it is necessary.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: automation today and tomorrow
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Give the plural form to the following nouns:
- •Information, designer, gas, technique, flight, space
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Change the following sentences into the future tense:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: automatic plant
- •Section 3
- •Standardization
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the following groups of words:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: kyiv - the capital of ukraine
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Rewrite the following pairs of sentences so that one sentence is in the Past Perfect Tense. Add any words that are necessary
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: ukraine
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: economy and industry in great britain
- •Put verbs in brackets into right tense. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Prove your thought:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: economy and industry in the usa
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in Future Perfect Tense.
- •Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: the metals
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Translate the following groups of words:
- •Match the English words with their meanings and memorize them.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into proper tense form.
- •Give short answers to the following questions:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: metals and their use
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Write out the following metals in two groups: ferrous metals and nonferrous metals.
- •Put the verbs in brackets in proper tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: metals in perspective
- •Section 4
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Write the following pronouns in the Nominative case:
- •Pick out the pronouns in the following sentences and say what person each one is.
- •Write out these sentences again using pronouns instead of the words in the brackets.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 5
- •1. Read and translate the following text: metals and nuclear energy
- •In the following sentences replace can (could) with to be able form.
- •Turn the following sentences a) into Past Simple Tense b) into the Future Simple Tense. Add necessary “time” expressions.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: metal casting
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Insert necessary modal verbs into the following sentences:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in appropriate tense form.
- •Transform the following sentences a) into Second Conditional, b) into Third Conditional. The first one has been done for you.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: furnaces
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Fill in the gaps with the following verbs in appropriate tense form according to the meaning:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: cupola
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Match the following English words with their meaning:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in right tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Turn the following sentences from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: materials technology
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Make word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Put verbs in brackets in right tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: properties of metals (I)
- •Make word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put verbs in brackets in Passive form. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: properties of metals (II)
- •Put the verbs in brackets in Passive form.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: plastics
- •Section 5
- •Plastics with memory effect
- •Make word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Put the verbs in brackets either in Present Perfect or in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 6
- •Read and translate the following text: fibres
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 7
- •Read and translate the following text: metals for motoring
- •Find odd words:
- •Make word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put the verbs in brackets either in Present Perfect or in Present Simple Tense.
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: the periodic table of elements (I)
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put in appropriate modal verbs in the blank spaces. Choose the one that seems to you the most suitable.
- •Transform the following sentences into the Simple Past Tense. Make any necessary alterations to ‘time phrases’.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: the periodic table of elements (II)
- •Complete the following sentences by adding a clause:
- •Complete the following sentences by adding the clauses:
- •Read the sentences and say whether they are true or false.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: some interesting relationships
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up the word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Make up word combinations from the following words.
- •Change the following sentences to Subjunctive Conditionals. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Короткий граматичний довідник у таблицях parts of speech
- •Members of the sentence. Word order
- •Pronouns
- •Personal Pronouns
- •Possessive Pronouns
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Reflexive Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •Plural of the Noun
- •Adjective
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
- •Adjectives which have two Forms of Comparison
- •Numeral
- •Fractional Numerals
- •Passive voice
- •Modal verbs
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Types of sentences
- •Conditionals
- •Suffixes and preffixes
- •Noun Suffixes
- •Verb Suffixes
- •Adjective Suffixes
- •Adverb Suffixes
- •Negative and positive prefixes
- •Prefixes of size
- •Prefixes of time and order
- •Prefixes of location
- •Prefixes of number
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Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
можливість, пояснювати, спостерігати, ліки, сучасне суспільство, технологічний метод, синтетичні матеріали, досягнення хімії, хімічна промисловість, покращувати якість, зменшувати вартість матеріалу, молекулярна біологія, полімер, сланцева глина, шуруп, пружина, магніт, очищувач, забезпечувати людство.
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Find odd words:
bolts, screws, bearings, fuels;
gas, coal, lubricant, wood;
organism, material, fabrics, polymers;
tank, vessel, bank, reservoir.
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Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
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Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple. Pay attention to the form of irregular verbs.
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History of chemistry (to begin) several thousand years ago.
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We (to make) materials, consisted of polymers.
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Polymer substances (to be used) in making bolts, screws, motor boats, skis.
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Our scientists (to work) jointly with the chemical branches of industry.
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The Sun (to become) the main source of energy.
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We (to search) information about scientists who (can) retrace and organize the processes in a living organism.
6. Answer the following questions:
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When were important facts of chemistry discovered?
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What is the role of chemistry nowadays?
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What sciences are affected by the progress of chemistry?
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What is the success of the chemistry of polymers?
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What does the biochemical technology provide humanity with?
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How is it possible to change hereditary properties?
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What helps obtain new substances or micro-organisms?
UNIT 3
Section 1
1. Read and translate the following text: communication with computer
Men use languages in order to communicate with each other. When the man wishes to communicate with the computer he uses in the same way "languages" such as BASIC, PASCAL, ADA, FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, PL/m and others.
BASIC is considered to be one of the easiest programming languages to learn. It is now used almost universally.
PASCAL is a general purpose high level programming language. It is named after the famous French mathematician, Blaise Pascal. In 1642 he designed and built the first mechanical calculator, the “Pascaline”.
ADA is a high level programming language. It is a PASCAL-based language, but much more comprehensive than PASCAL. It was named after Augusta Ada Byron (1816 —1852), daughter of the English poet, Lord Byron.
FORTRAN is a problem oriented high level programming language for scientific and mathematical use. FORTRAN was the first high level programming language. It was developed in 1956 and was designed to easily express mathematical formulas for computer processing. It is still widely used as a programming language.
ALGOL — was developed as an international language for the expression of the algorithms between individuals as well as a programming language. It was introduced in the early 1960s. ALGOL was originally known as AIL or International Algebraic Language.
COBOL is internationally accepted programming language developed for general commercial use. The advantages of using COBOL are that it is relatively simple to learn and programs can be quickly written and tested. Programmers can easily understand programs not written by themselves.
Because of extraordinary technological development during the past decades, the term computer is becoming a household word. Computer applications have expanded to such breadth that the computer is now an integral part of virtually every type of business and industrial enterprise.
The number of electronic computers used in any given field of human activity is sometimes believed to indicate the degree of its modernity. For example, the more computers scientific institute uses the more modern it is believed to be. It is not always born in mind, however, that computers alone represent only what is called the hardware, i. e. the machinery together with its subtle technical and logical design. In order that the hardware may be used effectively, another essential factor is needed: the so-called software or applied thoughts. The preparation of computer programs, the working out of the logical aspects of material to be manipulated in a computer, takes up as much, if not more, time as the actual production of the hardware and is by no mean easier. The software, as most intangible product, is not always capable of being readily evaluated. This, however, does not change the fact that it is at least as decisive as the hardware in obtaining solutions to concrete scientific and technological problems.
There are two basic types of electronic computers: digital and analogue. Each type has its uses in various fields. However, they have one thing in common: for their effective operation they require ingeniously thought-out software.