- •1. Identify the passive structures and translate the sentences into
- •2. Identify the passive structures followed by a preposition and translate
- •3. Identify the passive structures and translate the sentences into
- •1. Identify the functions of infinitives and give Russian equivalents as
- •2. Identify the infinitive constructions with the “Complex Object”
- •3. Identify the infinitive constructions with the “Complex Subject”
- •4. Identify the infinitive constructions with “for-phrases” and give
- •1.1. Identify the gerund in the function of the subject. Give Russian
- •1.2. Identify the gerund in the function of the object. Give Russian
- •1.3. Identify the gerund in the function of adverbial modifies. Give
- •2. Identify the gerund construction and its function in the sentence.
- •1. Identify the forms of the participles in the function of attributes.
- •1.1. Examples:
- •2. Identify the participles in the function of adverbial modifiers. Give
- •3. Identify the Absolute Participle Constructions and give Russian
- •4. Identify the Absolute Participle Constructions preceded by the
2. Identify the infinitive constructions with the “Complex Object”
and give equivalents as shown in the example
Example: Most scientists expect major development in the near future
to take place in biology.
Большинство ученых ожидает, что основные открытия
в ближайшем будущем произойдут в биологии.
1. We expect a successful scientist to be full of curiosity – he wants to find
out how and why the universe works.
2. One can expect the scope of research to expand steadily.
3. Most scientists regard biology, rather than physics, to become a central
ground of scientific advance in the near future.
4. An efficient laboratory head always knows how to make his people do
their work properly and on time.
5. Nowadays we see many new areas of research to come into being as a
result of unexpected breakthroughs.
6. Scientists don’t consider this effect to be an experimental error of any
kind.
7. We may assume the composition of the sun and stars to be similar to that
of the earth.
8. They considered all water on the surface of this planet to have been
liberated by volcanic action.
9. One can hardly expect a true scientist to keep within the limits of one
narrow long-established field, leaving most fascinating problems out of
the scope of his inquiry.
10. We expect entirely new properties to develop when these molecules or
molecular aggregates interact with water, forming with it a new and
unique system.
3. Identify the infinitive constructions with the “Complex Subject”
and give equivalents as shown in the examples
Examples:
– Nowadays science is known to contribute to every aspect of
man’s life.
a) Известно, что в наши дни наука вносит свой вклад во
все аспекты нашей жизни.
b) Как известно, в наши дни наука вносит свой вклад во
все аспекты нашей жизни.
c) В наши дни наука, как известно, вносит свой вклад во
все аспекты нашей жизни.
– With the advent of nuclear weapon some people seemed to
be disappointed in science.
С появлением ядерного оружия некоторые люди, по-
видимому, разочаровались в науке.
– Molecular biology is likely to dominate science in the years
to come.
– Весьма вероятно, что молекулярная биология займет в
будущем доминирующее положение в науке.
1. A yawning ozone hole is reported to have been identified over the
Antarctic.
2. Harmful effects of pollution seem to have been in the news for a long
time.
3. One more type of pollution proves to have appeared recently.
4. All of us are certain to know very well what environmental pollution is.
5. You seem to have taken advantage of the favourable conditions.
6. The research is supposed to lead to a better understanding of the progress.
7. Molecular biologists are known to borrow their techniques from other
sciences, mainly from physics.
8. This phenomenon does not appear to be studied.
9. There does appear to be some correlations between these data.
10. This compound is sure to contain admixtures.
4. Identify the infinitive constructions with “for-phrases” and give
equivalents as shown in the examples
Example: It is important for the model to be accurate but simple
enough.
Важно, чтобы модель была точной, но достаточно
простой.
1. For any scientific gathering to be a success, the organizing committee
must be firm on more than one point.
2. For scientific development to be of benefit for man, scientists must study
the problems that have direct bearing on our lives.
3. For an original idea to be a product of one man’s genius is quite natural.
4. For an idea to be transformed into a product, many people’s effort is
required.
5. Some experiments prove that it is physically possible for the ground ice
of Alaska to have been formed by a process of segregation.
PROGRESS TEST
TASK 1: Identify the infinitive and infinitive constructions and translate
the sentences into Russian
1. To understand this phenomenon is to understand the structure of atoms.
2. To understand the phenomenon the laws of motion should be considered.
3. There seems to be some confusion of terms in the paper.
4. In an effort to overcome these difficulties a great deal of experimental
work has been carried out by both researchers and engineers.
5. This method was so accurate as to give reliable results.
6. He was considered to have a strong affinity for both chemistry and
mathematics.
7. It required some more experiments for the scientist to prove the correctness
of the results obtained.
8. There are many examples to illustrate the rule.
9. Science is known to affect the lives of people.
10. The terms to be insisted on are as follows.
TASK 2: While reading papers on the subject of your research, highlight
the infinitive constructions and translate them into Russian.
Unit 3. The Gerund