7. Scrambled letters. Put the letters in the following words into the correct order and write them.

1. AHED

2. SENO

3. TMHUO

4. IPL

5. DRUOSLEH

6. RIGNFE

7. GLE

8. FTOO

9. TTHOO

10. EFTE

11. ETEHT

12. EALKN

13. MRA

14. HNDA

15. LUGN

16. EGTUNO

17. KNIEDY

18. CEKN

19. LEOBW

20. TEO

21. EEY

22. HECTS

23. AESR

24. TOCAOHHTE

25. TACHOCSHEMA

26. OTATHR

27. RITSW

28. ILNA

29. AIBNR

30. CASHMOT

31. LBYLE

32. EACF

33. EEKN

34. HEEKC

8. Read and translate the text:

Anatomy is the branch of medicine describing the structure of living beings.

Human anatomy is the scientific study of the human body.

The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk and the limbs (extremities). The upper extremities are the arms and the lower extremities are the legs.

The head consists of two parts: the skull (which contains the brain) and the face. The brain is the control center of the body. It receives, processes the information and gives “instructions” for body actions. The face consists of the forehead, the eyes (with the lashes), the eyelids, the mouth, the cheeks, the ears and the chin.

The ear includes three principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear and the internal. The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. It contains the gums with the teeth, the palate and the tongue.

The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest (or thorax). It contains the organs of respiration and the heart. The heart is a strong muscular organ that contracts and pumps blood throughout the body. The heart of an adult beats at a rate of 60 to 80 beats a minute. The chest also contains the respiratory apparatus, including the two lungs, the lower part of the trachea and the bronchi. In each lung the bronchi branch into bronchioles, which lead into the alveoli. Here the carbon dioxide in blood is exchanged for oxygen. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart in the pulmonary vein. The gullet or esophagus leads to the stomach, which is in the lower part of the trunk – the abdomen.

The principle organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, the small and large intestines, the kidneys, the gall-bladder and the bladder. The organs of the digestive system process and convert food into simpler substances that the body uses for nourishment. The liver is the largest organ in the body. It purifies the blood of wastes and poisons and helps the body digest and store nutrients. The kidneys filter out water and unwanted substances in the blood and excrete wastes into the bladder by means of the ureters. The urine leaves the bladder through the urethra which brings the urine out of the body.

The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft parts and protects the organs from injury. An adult skeleton consists of about 206 bones. The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist and the hand. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand. The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the hip, the thigh, the shin, the knee, the calf, the ankle and the foot with the toes. The bones are covered with muscles. Muscle is a tissue that can contract and relax to produce movement in a part of the body.

The skin covers the body and acts as a waterproof covering, a defense against damage and infection, a regulator of body temperature.

I. Learn the following words:

abdomen	[`æbdəmen]	живот
abdominal	[æb`dɔmınəl]	брюшной
bladder	[`blædə]	мочевой пузырь
blood	[`blʌd]	кровь
bone	[`bɔun]	кость
brain	[`breın]	мозг
to breathe	[`bri:ð]	дышать
cavity	[`kævıtı]	полость
carbon dioxide	[`ka:bən daı`ɔksαıd ]	углекислый газ
cheek	[`ʧi:k]	щека
to connect	[kə`nekt]	соединять
to consist of	[kən`sıst]	состоять из
to contain	[kən`teın]	вмещать, включать
to contract	[kən`trækt]	сокращаться
to cover	[`kʌvə]	покрывать
to digest	[daı`ʤest]	переваривать (о пище)
esophagus	[ı:`sɔfəgəs]	глотка, пищевод
to excrete	[eks`kri:t]	выделять
extremity	[ık`stremıtı]	конечность
forearm	[`fɔ:ra:m]	предплечье
forehead	[`fɔrıd]	лоб
gall-bladder	[`gɔ:l - ˎblædə]	желчный пузырь
gum	[`gʌm]	десна
gullet	[`gʌlıt]	пищевод, глотка
heart	[`ha:t]	сердце
human body	[`hju:mən `bɔdı]	тело человека
to include	[ın`klu:d]	включать в себя
injury	[`ınʤərı]	рана, ушиб, травма
intestine	[ın`testın]	кишечник
kidney	[`kıdnı]	почка
limb	[`lım]	конечность
liver	[`lıvə]	печень
lower	[`lɔuə]	нижний
lungs	[`lʌŋz]	легкие
middle	[`mıdl]	средний
muscle	[`mʌsl]	мышца
nourishment	[`nʌrıʃmənt]	питание
nutrient	[`nju:trıənt]	питательное вещество
oxygen	[`ɔksıʤən]	кислород
palate	[`pælıt]	нёбо
part	[`pa:t]	часть
principle	[`prınsıpl]	основной, главный
to protect	[prə`tekt]	защищать
to pump	[`pʌmp]	качать, выкачивать
respiration	[respə`reıʃən]	дыхание
skull	[`skʌl]	череп
skeleton	[`skelıtən]	скелет
skin	[`skın]	кожа
soft	[`sɔft]	мягкий
spleen	[`splı:n]	селезёнка
to support	[sə`pɔ:t]	поддерживать
tissue	[`tıʃu:]	ткань
tongue	[`tʌŋ]	язык
tooth (teeth)	[`tu:Ɵ / `tı:Ɵ]	зуб (зубы)
trunk	[`trʌŋk]	туловище
urine	[`juərın]	моча
57.upper	[`ʌpə]	57.верхний
58.waste	[`weıst]	58.отходы