Word study

I. Give Russian equivalents for:

a dominant driving force; a tribal setting; human beings; self-esteem; a set of needs; to be satisfied; to receive support; release of potential; management process; experience; well-being; main concern; to carry out experiments; self-training; to overcome stress situations.

II. Give English equivalents for:

в частности; за выживание; в некоторой степени; получить признание; скорее чет\ управление; навыки; установки; поведение человека; озарение; способность.

III. Combine the following words into the word- combinations: to differ goal

• productive potentials

til H|) Support

i i cipal force

in rive recommendations

i \ Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms: In answer people

!•, !•• safety

litl man beings to appear

IIIiiIIh to involve

Importance to reply

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relationship significance

different interplay

hi hi il,y capacity

ii ■ arise rare ability grown-ups in include main

V. Make up your own sentences with:

in lake care of; to satisfy one's needs; to achieve a principal goal; to receive support; to make a contribution; In ' in ricd in; to differ greatly; to study the ability; to i inic stress situations.

v I Think of the possible situations in which the nhovv mrntioned word-combinations may be used.

human conditions

release of a contribution

working a social-psychological service

to satisfy beings

to receive needs

to make greatly

Sensory memory system

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|« In i nllui , |fm linn nl „ ml

Does a person attend to information

yes

Short-term memory

_{0 UNIT III}

Text I

I. Read and translate the text: Memory

Many psychologists believe that there are three main ;kinds of memory: sensory, short-term and long-term. What makes up each of them?

! Imagine that a friend who collects facts informs you about brain weight: a human brain weighs about 3 pounds, an elephant brain - approximately 13 pounds, a whale brain - roughly 20 pounds. How may this information make its way into memory? When you simply hear your ;friend cite the facts, some remembering that you are aware of is going on.

Information that strikes our sense organs is stored on the basis of the so-called sensory memory (SM). Materials held by sensory memory resemble afterimages. Typically, they disappear in less than a second unless they are transferred immediately to a second memory system, short-term memory (STM). How do you transfer sensory data to the short-term store? All you have to do is to attend to the material for a moment. If you listen as your friend talks, you will pass into your short-term memory. ii The STM is pictured as the centre of consciousness. The STM holds everything we are aware of - thoughts, information, experiences, - at any point in time. The «store» part of STM houses a limited amount of data for some time (usually for about fifteen minutes). We can keep information in SM system longer by repeating it. In addition, the short-term memory «works» as a central executive. It inserts materials into, and removes it from, a third, more or less permanent system, the long-term memory (LTM).

No processing

Shallow processing

How is information processed?

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|h «m omis