- •Travelling
- •Geography. Countries, capitals and nationalities. Climate and weather.
- •I’m snowed under with work – I’ll never get through it all in time.
- •Customs and traditions. Sightseeing.
- •Kinds of transport. Transport in future.
- •Transport infrastructure in different countries. Transport safety.
- •Credit Communication. Travelling.
Travelling
Geography. Countries, capitals and nationalities. Climate and weather.
Customs and traditions. Sightseeing.
Kinds of transport. Transport in future.
Transport infrastructure in different countries. Transport safety.
Geography. Countries, capitals and nationalities. Climate and weather.
Study the chart which lists many of the countries or nations in the world (191). Be ready to show them on the map.
Country |
Capital |
Adjective/ Nationality |
Country |
Capital |
Adjective/ Nationality |
Afghanistan |
Kabul |
Afghan |
Lithuania |
Vilnius |
Lithuanian |
Albania |
Tirana |
Albanian |
Luxembourg |
Luxembourg |
/Luxembourger |
Algeria |
Algiers |
Algerian |
Macedonia |
Skopje |
Macedonian |
Andorra |
Andorra la Vella |
Andorran |
Madagascar |
Antananarivo |
Malagasay or Madagascan |
Angola |
Luanda |
Angolan |
Malawi |
Lilongwe |
Malawian |
Argentina |
Buenos Aires |
Argentinian |
Malaysia |
Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya |
Malaysian |
Armenia |
Yerevan |
Armenian |
Maldives, the |
Malé |
Maldivian |
Australia |
Canberra |
Australian |
Mali |
Bamako |
Malian |
Austria |
Vienna |
Austrian |
Malta |
Valletto |
Maltese |
Azerbaijan |
Baku |
Azerbaijani |
Mauritania |
Nouakchott |
Mauritanian |
Bahamas |
Nassau |
Bahamian |
Mauritius |
Port Louis |
Mauritian |
Bahrain |
Manama |
Bahraini |
Mexico |
Mexico city |
Mexican |
Bangladesh |
Dhaka |
Bangladeshi |
Moldova |
Kishinev |
Moldovan |
Barbados |
Bridgetown |
Barbadian |
Monaco |
Monaco |
Monégasque or Monacan |
Belarus |
Minsk |
Belorussian or Byelorussian |
Mongolia |
Ulan Bator |
Mongolian |
Belgium |
Brussels |
Belgian |
Montenegro |
Podgorica |
Montenegrin |
Belize |
Belmopan |
Belizian |
Morocco |
Rabat |
Moroccan |
Benin |
Porto-Novo |
Beninese |
Mozambique |
Maputo |
Mozambican |
Bhutan |
Thiumphu |
Bhutanese |
Myanmar see Burma |
|
– |
Bolivia |
Sucre, La Paz |
Bolivian |
Namibia |
Windhoek |
Namibian |
Bosnia-Herzegovina |
Sarajevo |
Bosnian |
Nepal |
Kathmandu |
Nepalese |
Botswana |
Gaborone |
Botswanan/Tswana |
Netherlands, the (see Holland) |
Amsterdam |
Dutch/Dutchman, Dutchwoman, or Netherlander |
Brazil |
Brasilia |
Brazilian |
New Zealand |
Wellington |
New
Zealand (used attributively only, as in New
Zealand butter
but not |
Britain |
London |
British/Briton |
Nicaragua |
Managua |
Nicaraguan |
Brunei |
Bandar Seri Begawan |
Bruneian |
Niger |
Niamey |
Nigerien |
Bulgaria |
Sofia |
Bulgarian |
Nigeria |
Abuja |
Nigerian |
Burkina |
Ouagadougou |
Burkinese |
North Korea |
Pyongyang |
North Korean |
Burma (official name Myanmar) |
Naypyidaw |
Burmese |
Norway |
Oslo |
Norwegian |
Burundi |
Bujumbura |
Burundian |
Oman |
Muscat |
Omani |
Cambodia |
Phnom Penh |
Cambodian |
Pakistan |
Islamabad |
Pakistani |
Cameroon |
Yaoundè |
Cameroonian |
Panama |
Panama City |
Panamanian |
Canada |
Ottawa |
Canadian |
Papua New Guinea |
Port Moresby |
Papua New Guinean or Guinean |
Cape Verde Islands |
Praia |
Cape Verdean |
Paraguay |
Asunción |
Paraguayan |
Chad |
N'Djamena
|
Chadian |
Peru |
Lima |
Peruvian |
Chile |
Santiago |
Chilean |
the Philippines |
Manila |
Philippine |
China |
Beijing |
Chinese |
Poland |
Warsaw |
Polish/Pole |
Colombia |
Bogotá, D.C. |
Colombian |
Portugal |
Lisbon |
Portuguese |
Congo |
Kinshasa |
Congolese |
Qatar |
Doha |
Qatari |
Costa Rica |
San José |
Costa Rican |
Romania |
Bucharest |
Romanian |
Croatia |
Zagreb |
Croat or Croatian |
Russia |
Moscow |
Russian |
Cuba |
Havana |
Cuban |
Rwanda |
Kigali |
Rwandan |
Cyprus |
Nicosia |
Cypriot |
Saudi Arabia |
Riyadh |
Saudi Arabian or Saudi |
Czech Republic |
Prague |
Czech |
Scotland |
Edinburgh |
Scottish/Scot |
Denmark |
Copenhagen |
Danish/Dane |
Senegal |
Dakar |
Senegalese |
Djibouti |
Djibouti |
Djiboutian |
Serbia |
Belgrade |
Serb or Serbian |
Dominica or Dominican Republic |
Roseau |
Dominican |
Seychelles, the |
Victoria |
Seychellois |
Ecuador |
Quito |
Ecuadorean |
Sierra Leone |
Freetown |
Sierra Leonian |
Egypt |
Cairo |
Egyptian |
Singapore |
Singapore |
Singaporean |
El Salvador |
San Salvador |
Salvadorean |
Slovakia |
Bratislava |
Slovak |
England |
London |
English/Englishman, Englishwoman |
Slovenia |
Ljubljana |
Slovene or Slovenian |
Eritrea |
Asmara |
Eritrean |
Solomon Islands |
Hoinara |
– |
Estonia |
Tallinn |
Estonian |
Somalia |
Mogadishu |
Somali |
Ethiopia |
Addis Ababa |
Ethiopian |
South Africa |
Capetown |
South African |
Fiji |
Suva |
Fijian |
South Korea |
Seoul |
South Korean |
Finland |
Helsinki |
Finnish/Finn |
Spain |
Madrid |
Spanish/Spaniard |
France |
Paris |
French/Frenchman, Frenchwoman |
Sri Lanka |
Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte |
Sri Lankan |
Gabon |
Libreville |
Gabonese |
Sudan |
Khartoum |
Sudanese |
Gambia, the |
Banjul |
Gambian |
Suriname |
Paramaribo |
Surinamese/Surinamer or Surinamese |
Georgia |
Tbilisi |
Georgian |
Swaziland |
Lobamba, Mbabane |
Swazi |
Germany |
Berlin |
German |
Sweden |
Stockholm |
Swedish |
Ghana |
Accra |
Ghanaian |
Switzerland |
Bern |
Swiss |
Greece |
Athens |
Greek |
Syria |
Damascus |
Syrian |
Grenada |
St. George’s |
Grenadian |
Taiwan |
Taipei City |
Taiwanese |
Guatemala |
Guatemala City |
Guatemalan |
Tajikistan |
Dushanbe |
Tajik or Tadjik |
Guinea |
Conakry |
Guinean |
Tanzania |
Dodoma |
Tanzanian |
Guyana |
Georgetown |
Guyanese |
Thailand |
Bangkok |
Thai |
Haiti |
Port-au-Prince |
Haitian |
Togo |
Lomé |
Togolese |
Holland (also Netherlands) |
Amsterdam |
Dutch/Dutchman, Dutchwoman |
Trinidad and Tobago |
Port of Spain |
Trinidadian Tobagan/Tobagonian |
Hungary |
Budapest |
Hungarian |
Tunisia |
Tunis |
Tunisian |
Iceland |
Reykjavík |
Icelandic/Icelander |
Turkey |
Ankara |
Turkish |
India |
Delhi |
Indian |
Turkmenistan |
Ashgabat |
Turkmen or Turkoman |
Indonesia |
Jakarta |
Indonesian |
Tuvali |
Fongafale |
Tuvaluan |
Iran |
Tehran |
Iranian |
Uganda |
Kampala |
Ugandan |
Iraq |
Baghdad |
Iraqi |
Ukraine |
Kiev |
Ukrainian |
Ireland, Republic of
|
Dublin |
Irish/Irishman, Irishwoman |
United Arab Emirates (UAE) |
Abu Dhabi |
UAE
or
Emirates (used attributively only, as in UAE
buildings, Emirates holidays
but not |
Northern Ireland |
Belfast |
Irish/Irishman, Irishwoman |
|||
Israel |
Jerusalem |
Israeli |
United Kingdom (UK) |
London |
UK
(used attributively only, as in UK
time
but not |
Italy |
Rome |
Italian |
United States of America (USA) |
Washington |
US
(used attributively only, as in US
aggression
but not |
Jamaica |
Kingston |
Jamaican |
Uruguay |
Montevideo |
Uruguayan |
Japan |
Tokyo |
Japanese |
Uzbekistan |
Tashkent |
Uzbek |
Jordan |
Amman |
Jordanian |
Vanuata |
Port Vila |
Vanuatuan |
Kazakhstan |
Astana |
Kazakh |
Vatican City |
Vatican City |
- |
Kenya |
Nairobi |
Kenyan |
Venezuela |
Caracos |
Venezuelan |
Korea see North Korea, South Korea |
|
|
Vietnam |
Hanoi |
Vietnamese |
Kuwait |
Kuwait City |
Kuwaiti |
Wales |
Cardiff |
Welsh/Welshman, Welshwoman |
Laos |
Vientiane |
Laotian |
Western Samoa |
Apia |
Western Samoan |
Latvia |
Riga |
Latvian |
Yemen |
Sana'a |
Yemeni |
Lebanon |
Beirut |
Lebanese |
Yugoslavia |
Belgrade |
Yugoslav |
Liberia |
Monrovia |
Liberian |
Zaire |
Kinshasa |
Zaïrean |
Libya |
Tripoli |
Libyan |
Zambia |
Lusaka |
Zambian |
Liechtenstein |
Vaduz |
/Liechtensteiner |
Zimbabwe |
Harare |
Zimbabwean |
Exercise 1. Can you name a famous …
Chinese politician? Yep – Mao Zedong
Southern African political figure? Yep - William Philip Schreiner, Tony Leon
Italian opera singer? Yep, plenty – Caruso, Gigli
Cecilia Bartoli
Giovanni Martinelli
Tito Schipa
Adelina Patti
Giovanni Zenatello
Andrea Bocelli
del Monaco
Pavarotti
4)German sportsperson? Miroslav Klose, Michael Schumacher
5)British music group? The Beatles, Kasabian
Italian, Russian or French explorers? Carlo Amoretti, Mikhail Lazarev, Yuriy Gagarin, Father Jacques Marquette
Study the geographical names.
Continents |
Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Eurasia (Europe & Asia), North America, South America |
Oceans |
the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Indian, the Pacific |
Seas |
the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Mediterranean Sea |
Lakes |
the Baikal (=Lake Baikal), the Loch Ness (=Lake Loch Ness), the Michigan (=Lake Michigan) |
Rivers |
the Amazon, the Mississippi, the Nile, the Rhine, the Thames, the Volga |
Canals & channels |
the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal; the (English) Channel; the Gulf of Mexico |
Mountains |
the Andes, the Alps, the Caucasus, the Cordilleras, the Himalayas, the Urals; Elbrus, Everest, Mont Blanc, Kilimanjaro |
Islands |
the Bahamas, the Bermudas, the British Isles, the Canaries (-the Canary Islands), the Hawaiian Islands (=the Hawaii); Corsica, Cyprus, Haiti, Iceland, Madagascar, Sicily |
Geographical areas |
the Arctic, the Antarctic, the Balkans, the Crimea, the Equator, the Far East, the Middle East (=the Near East), the North Pole, the South Pole |
Study the words referring to Weather. Reproduce some weather forecast.
weather forecast, temperature: below/above zero; pouring/heavy rain, lightning, thunder, showers, to drizzle, to rain cats and dogs, to get wet through, hail, dust, mud; snowfall, blizzard, snowflake, to make a snowman, to throw snowballs, snowdrift, to sleet, to melt, slippery, to slide on the ice, to skate, to ski, to toboggan, to sledge; strong/gentle wind, to blow, to rise/fall, a blast of wind, blustery, stuffy, in a draught (BrE)/draft (AmE), drought; sunrise, sunset, to clear up, the clouds build up; haze, mist, fog, chilly, stifling, scorching, humid, hot/heat, warm/warmth, seashore/coast/side, the bank of the river, the shore of the lake.
Climate metaphors are often used, particularly in written English. The word climate can refer to the general atmosphere or situation in society. Explain the meaning of the metaphors and use them in your own sentences.
His dishonest policies towards the workers created a climate of distrust.
The government reforms have created a climate of change.
The words, cultural, current, economic, financial, moral, political, social and prevailing all collocate strongly with climate in this social sense.
She has a very sunny disposition – she’s hardly ever miserable. Job prospects are sunny.
Unfortunately, our plans met with a frosty reception.
‘You lied to me, didn’t you?’ she said icily.