- •Part I: Shaft Sinking and Drifting
- •1.1. Remember the following words.
- •1.6. Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary.
- •1.7. Answer the following questions.
- •1.8. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •1.9. Give a short summary of the text using the following phrases:
- •1.10. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •2.2. Find in the text given below English equivalents to the Russian phrases.
- •2.3. Find pairs of antonyms.
- •2.4. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.10 Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.11 Complete the sentences with some suitable parts.
- •2.12 Match the terms and their definitions.
- •2.13 Read and memorize the words.
- •2.15. Analyze and translate the derivatives.
- •2.16. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.17. Translate into English.
- •2.18. Translate in writing 1 and 2 from the text given above.
- •3.1. Read and memorize the words.
- •Explosives. Historical Note
- •3.7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3.8. Read and memorize the words.
- •3.9. Read the text “Commercial Explosives” and answer the following questions.
- •Commercial Explosives
- •3.10. Translate in writing the text given below. If necessary use a dictionary. Storing and Handling Explosives
- •3.11. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •Part II: Tunneling
- •1.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •1.2. Read and recognize the following international words.
- •1.3. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •1.4. Read the text “Tunnel Basic” and answer the following questions.
- •Tunnel Basic
- •1.5 Look at Figure II and try to speak about forces interacting to produce equilibrium on a tunnel.
- •1.6 Look through the text once again, find sentences with the Infinitive and translate them.
- •1.7. Read the text “Major Types of Tunnels” and find the answers to the following questions.
- •Major Types of Tunnels
- •1.8. Look through the text once again and complete the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Types of tunnels
- •1.9. Match English and Russian phrases. Write down your answers.
- •From the history of tunneling
- •Milestones in the history of tunneling
- •1.14. Summarize the text given above using expressions (page 67).
- •1.15. Study the text “Tools and Techniques” and complete the table.
- •Tools and Techniques
- •1.16. Are the following statements false or true? Write down your answers.
- •1.17. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down your answers.
- •Holland Tunnel
- •Inside a Holland Tunnel ventilation tower Underground Canal
- •Thames Tunnel
- •2.1. Read and try to memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •2.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2.3. Study the text “Tunnel Planning”. Try to understand as much information as you can. Tunnel Planning
- •2.4. Change the form of the word so that it could be filled in the blank space in the sentence.
- •2.5. Write a short summary of the text you have read using the following as a plan.
- •2.6. Discuss with your group-mates the process of a tunnel planning. The following phrases will help you.
- •2.7. Before reading the text “Types of Tunnels and Construction Methods” study the table and say what construction methods are used in each of the three environments. Make use of the Model.
- •Drilling and blasting (d&b) method
- •Natm New Austrian Tunneling Method (natm)
- •2.13. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Tunnel Boring Machine (tbm) method
- •2.14. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.15. Match the words in a with their antonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.16. Click here to watch the video how tbm works in hard rock:
- •What is trenchless technology?
- •2.18. Skim the text once again and fill in the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates.
- •2.19. Click here to watch the video about how trenchless piper replacement technology works.
- •2.20. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Shallow-buried Tunnel or Soft Soil Tunnel
- •2.21. Read and summarize the text “Underwater Tunnel” using expressions (page 67). Underwater Tunnel
- •Immersed-tube method
- •2.22. Look through the text once again and find sentences with Participle I and Participle II. Translate these sentences.
- •2.23. Look at the picture, think and organize the procedure of underwater tunnel construction in order.
- •3.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •3.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •3.3. Read the text “Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana” and complite the table under it. Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana
- •Tunnels Construction
- •3D model of the Tunnel system1
- •Severomuysky Tunnel
- •3.8. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •3.9. Read the text “Gotthard Base Tunnel” and give its summary using expressions (page 67). Gotthard Base Tunnel (gbt)
- •3.9. Read the text “Miracle under the Alps” and write down the most interesting facts for you. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Miracle under the Alps
- •3.9. Click here to watch photos from the construction site of the gbt.
- •3.10. Click here to watch video about the gbt. Speak about your impression about this project.
- •4.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •4.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •4.3. Translate the text “The future of tunnels” in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 25 minutes. The future of tunnels
- •Tunnel planned between Russia and usa
- •4.8. Look at the picture and render suggested information from Russian into English.
- •4.9. Click here to watch the video about tbMs which will be able to construct a tunnel under the Bering Strait:
Tunnel planned between Russia and usa
Russia has an ambitious plan to build the world’s longest tunnel under the Bering Strait (пролив) as part of a transport corridor linking Europe and America via Siberia and Alaska.
The 103 km tunnel would connect the far east of Russia with Alaska, opening up the prospect of the final rail trip across three quarters of the globe from London to New York. The link would be twice as long as the Channel Tunnel connecting Britain and France.
The $ 65 billion mega-project aims to transform trade (торговля) links between Russia and America across some of the world’s most desolate terrain. It would create a high-speed railway line, energy links and a fibreoptic cable network.
The idea to build a tunnel across the 85-kilometre Bering Strait is not new. People discussed it first more than 100 years ago, but it was forgotten about during the Soviet era.
Naturally, there are people who think the project is a bad idea. They say: “To be honest, anyone who looks at a map will realize that the project is too hard to do.” Many others see a transport link that could connect New York City in the USA with Shanghai in China. This would become the world’s greatest train journey.
But Russian officials insist that the tunnel is an economic idea whose time has now come and that it could be ready within ten years. They say that this will be a business project, not a political one. The tunnel would be built in three sections through two islands in the Bering Strait and would link 6,000 km of new railway lines. The tunnel alone would cost an estimated $ 10-12 billion to construct.
U.S. authorities said they had not received any definite plans for a tunnel to be built under the Bering Strait and would not comment on whether there had been any direct approach from Mr Putin.
4.8. Look at the picture and render suggested information from Russian into English.
Make use of the following:
The tunnel under the Bering Strait will be … .
Its length will be … .
It will … 4 lane road and … .
The tunnel will be built with the help of … .
The TBM costs … and will be able to … a month.
The … is planed tо … of … levels.
4.9. Click here to watch the video about tbMs which will be able to construct a tunnel under the Bering Strait:
http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/mega-engineering-tunnel-boring-machines.html
Do you think the tunnel under the Bering Strait will ever be build?
Appendix 1. Phrases to summarize the information of a text or an article.
1. The title of the article (text) is … |
Заглавие статьи (текста) … |
2. It was published in … |
Она была опубликована в … |
3. The author of the article is … |
Автор статьи … |
4. The article deals with the problem (question) of … |
Статья имеет дело с проблемой (вопросом) … |
5. It also touches upon … |
Она также касается … |
6. The article (text) says in detail about … |
Статья (текст) говорит в деталях о … |
7. The article (text) gives facts (figures, names) illustrating … |
Статья (текст) дает факты (цифры, имена), иллюстрирующие … |
8. It should be noted that … |
Следует отметить, что … |
9. In conclusion the author says that |
В заключение автор говорит, что … |
10. I think the most important (interesting) fact in this article is … |
Я думаю, что самый важный (инте-ресный) факт в этой статье это … |
11. I found the article (text) … . interesting useful important for me informative hard (easy) to understand |
Я нахожу статью (текст) ... . интересной полезной важной для меня информативной трудной (легкой) для понимания |
Appendix 2. List of abbreviations.
A.D. |
нашей эры |
B.C. |
до нашей эры |
F (Fahrenheit) |
температура по Фаренгейту |
ft (foot) |
фут (30,5 см) |
in (inch) |
дюйм (2,54 см) |
PETN |
a kind of explosive |
sec. (second) |
секунда |
Appendix 3. Linguistic corner.
The Babylonians |
Жители Вавилонии, рабовладельческого государства (территория современного Ирака) |
Caligula |
Римский император |
Claudius |
Римский император |
Tyre |
Тир, город-государство в Финикии (современный Сур в Ливане) |