- •Part I: Shaft Sinking and Drifting
- •1.1. Remember the following words.
- •1.6. Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary.
- •1.7. Answer the following questions.
- •1.8. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •1.9. Give a short summary of the text using the following phrases:
- •1.10. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •2.2. Find in the text given below English equivalents to the Russian phrases.
- •2.3. Find pairs of antonyms.
- •2.4. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.10 Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.11 Complete the sentences with some suitable parts.
- •2.12 Match the terms and their definitions.
- •2.13 Read and memorize the words.
- •2.15. Analyze and translate the derivatives.
- •2.16. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.17. Translate into English.
- •2.18. Translate in writing 1 and 2 from the text given above.
- •3.1. Read and memorize the words.
- •Explosives. Historical Note
- •3.7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3.8. Read and memorize the words.
- •3.9. Read the text “Commercial Explosives” and answer the following questions.
- •Commercial Explosives
- •3.10. Translate in writing the text given below. If necessary use a dictionary. Storing and Handling Explosives
- •3.11. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •Part II: Tunneling
- •1.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •1.2. Read and recognize the following international words.
- •1.3. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •1.4. Read the text “Tunnel Basic” and answer the following questions.
- •Tunnel Basic
- •1.5 Look at Figure II and try to speak about forces interacting to produce equilibrium on a tunnel.
- •1.6 Look through the text once again, find sentences with the Infinitive and translate them.
- •1.7. Read the text “Major Types of Tunnels” and find the answers to the following questions.
- •Major Types of Tunnels
- •1.8. Look through the text once again and complete the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Types of tunnels
- •1.9. Match English and Russian phrases. Write down your answers.
- •From the history of tunneling
- •Milestones in the history of tunneling
- •1.14. Summarize the text given above using expressions (page 67).
- •1.15. Study the text “Tools and Techniques” and complete the table.
- •Tools and Techniques
- •1.16. Are the following statements false or true? Write down your answers.
- •1.17. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down your answers.
- •Holland Tunnel
- •Inside a Holland Tunnel ventilation tower Underground Canal
- •Thames Tunnel
- •2.1. Read and try to memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •2.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2.3. Study the text “Tunnel Planning”. Try to understand as much information as you can. Tunnel Planning
- •2.4. Change the form of the word so that it could be filled in the blank space in the sentence.
- •2.5. Write a short summary of the text you have read using the following as a plan.
- •2.6. Discuss with your group-mates the process of a tunnel planning. The following phrases will help you.
- •2.7. Before reading the text “Types of Tunnels and Construction Methods” study the table and say what construction methods are used in each of the three environments. Make use of the Model.
- •Drilling and blasting (d&b) method
- •Natm New Austrian Tunneling Method (natm)
- •2.13. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Tunnel Boring Machine (tbm) method
- •2.14. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.15. Match the words in a with their antonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.16. Click here to watch the video how tbm works in hard rock:
- •What is trenchless technology?
- •2.18. Skim the text once again and fill in the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates.
- •2.19. Click here to watch the video about how trenchless piper replacement technology works.
- •2.20. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Shallow-buried Tunnel or Soft Soil Tunnel
- •2.21. Read and summarize the text “Underwater Tunnel” using expressions (page 67). Underwater Tunnel
- •Immersed-tube method
- •2.22. Look through the text once again and find sentences with Participle I and Participle II. Translate these sentences.
- •2.23. Look at the picture, think and organize the procedure of underwater tunnel construction in order.
- •3.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •3.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •3.3. Read the text “Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana” and complite the table under it. Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana
- •Tunnels Construction
- •3D model of the Tunnel system1
- •Severomuysky Tunnel
- •3.8. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •3.9. Read the text “Gotthard Base Tunnel” and give its summary using expressions (page 67). Gotthard Base Tunnel (gbt)
- •3.9. Read the text “Miracle under the Alps” and write down the most interesting facts for you. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Miracle under the Alps
- •3.9. Click here to watch photos from the construction site of the gbt.
- •3.10. Click here to watch video about the gbt. Speak about your impression about this project.
- •4.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •4.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •4.3. Translate the text “The future of tunnels” in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 25 minutes. The future of tunnels
- •Tunnel planned between Russia and usa
- •4.8. Look at the picture and render suggested information from Russian into English.
- •4.9. Click here to watch the video about tbMs which will be able to construct a tunnel under the Bering Strait:
2.17. Translate into English.
1. Дефекты древесины влияют на ее прочность.
2. Качество древесины, используемой для крепей, зависит от влияния влаги и времени года.
3. Причинами разрушения деревянной крепи являются гниль, пожар, обрушение и др.
4. Существуют способы продления срока службы деревянной крепи.
2.18. Translate in writing 1 and 2 from the text given above.
Unit 3.
3.1. Read and memorize the words.
blast |
n |
взрывать |
commercial |
a |
промышленный |
explosive |
n |
взрывчатка, ВВ |
dam |
n |
дамба |
groove |
n |
канавка |
spill |
n |
просыпание, просачивание; просыпаться, просачиваться |
quarry |
n |
карьер |
3.2. Recognize the international words and word combinations.
dynamite, cascade tunnel, start, ton, primitive method, section, modern method, aqueduct, concentrated energy
3.3. Translate the derivatives.
blast – blasting; explode – explosion – explosive; start – started – starting; use – user – used – using; require – required – requirement; convey – conveyor
3.4. Define functions of ing-forms. Find in the text “Explosives. Historical Note” sentences with ing-forms and translate them.
3.5. Find in the same text sentences with the Infinitive and translate them.
3.6. Read the text and answer the questions under it.
Explosives. Historical Note
Many of great engineering feats of the world were accomplished at a time when the use of explosives for blasting was unknown. During the building of King Solomon’s temple, which was begun in 983 B.C., some 80,000 men laboured in subterranean quarries breaking out blocks of stone with wooden wedges driven into grooves in the rock and then wet with water. King Hiram of Tyre, a contemporary of king Solomon, is thought to have secured 3 tons of silver per year from the Rio Tinto mine through the efforts of 40,000 men. The Roman Emperor Claudius, in the first century A.D., completed the aqueduct started by Caligula to convey water to Rome from Lake Fucinus some 50 miles distant. To drive a tunnel 6 by 10 ft in section and 3, 5 miles long under Monte Salviano required the work of 30,000 labourers for 11 years, using the primitive method of breaking the rock by wooden wedges and also by fire setting. It would take 100 men about 10 months to drive such a tunnel using modern methods and explosives. Even the great Rajasamand Dam in the Aravelli Mountains of the Indian kingdom of Rajputana, begun in 1661, required 20 years for building. Made of white marble, the dam is 40 ft high at the spillway, and it impounds a lake 30 miles in circumference. Dynamite did not come into use until 1867, but through the aid of dynamite and other high explosives it has been possible to take from I mine over 2, 5 million tons of ore a year, to drive the Cascade tunnel at the rate of 55 ft per day, and to blast from a quarry over 2 million tons of rock at one shot. Nuclear explosives, although unproven commercially (1963), contain tremendous amounts of concentrated energy for possible use in large-scale blasting operations.