Аудиторная работа № 3

21. А) Замените выделенные курсивом русские слова в скобках их английскими эквивалентами.

A certain correlation between economic development of a nation and (ее торговым балансом) has been studied by economists. (Торговый баланс) is the value of net exports, that is, the difference between what country receives for its (видимый экспорт) and what it pays for its (видимый импорт).

It should be mentioned that (видимая торговля) refers to exports and imports of goods (cars, food, steel), while (невидимая торговля) refers to exports and imports of services (banking, shipping, tourism). Togeth­er, these make up (торговый баланс) or (чистый экспорт) of goods and services.

Some time ago the aim of commercial nations was to try to sell more com­modities than they imported, as it resulted in a flow of gold into the country. If a nation sold more commodities to other nations than it bought from them, it had (активный торговый баланс); if it bought more than it sold, it had (пассивный торговый баланс). The terms (положительный и отрица­тельный торговый баланс) are still used, but in calculating the difference between the value of exports and imports, the purchases and sales of service items, the so-called (невидимая торговля), play a more important part than formerly.

Nowadays (пассивный торговый баланс) is usually compensated for by (невидимой торговлей). For example, (активный торговый баланс) of small developed countries such as Britain and Japan is due to (поступлениям от невидимого экспорта) from commerce, banking, insurance, finance (espe­cially due to exporting capital to LDCs), as well as to overseas holdings of property and business enterprises.

6) Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the difference between visible and invisible trade?

2. How can favourable and adverse trade balance be defined?

3. It is difficult for LDCs to maintain the favourable balance of trade. Can you prove this statement?

22. Вставьте в предложения следующие слова: before (2), after (2-3), until (2), when (2-3), since (1-2).

1. In every selling transaction, ... the payment is made, the seller is con­sidered to be a creditor of the buyer.

2. The real exchange rate measures the relative price of domestic goods to foreign ones ... it is measured in a common currency.

3. ... starting any business, the owner should think of keeping accurate bookkeeping system.

4. The USA has given almost $150 billion in foreign aid ... 1945.

5. ... posting the journal into the ledger one should prepare a trial balance.

6. It is interesting that the practice of double-entry bookkeeping is likely to have appeared only ... trade relations began rapidly developing among nations in the 14th century. It happened long time ... a detailed de­scription of this system was published. The profession of accountant is

said to have existed ... the end of the 17th century, but definite rules regulating the accountant's work were adopted only ... the 18th centu­ry. This profession wasn't recognized (признавать) in Europe or Amer­ica ... the late 19th century.