Active vocabulary

Approve (v) 1) одобрять approve heartily/warmly

You’re leaving college! Do your parents approve?

+ of He seemed to approve of my choice.

approve of sb doing sth I don’t really approve of children wearing make-up.

2) утверждать approve formally/officially/ unanimously

This year’s budget package has been formally approved by parliament.

Claim (v) 1) заявлять, утверждать He claims he is innocent.

claim to do sth The organization claims to represent more than 20,000 firms.

2) заявлять права, претендовать (на что-л)

Has anyone claimed the wallet I handed in yesterday?

Are you claiming unemployment benefit?

3) уносить жизни

The severe flooding has claimed over 500 lives.

Control (n) 1) управление, руководство, контроль

+ of When Marie’s father died, control of the business passed into her hands.

have control of/over sth – распоряжаться, контролировать

Dr Davies believes that children should have control over their own lives.

gain/lose control of sth – получить/ потерять большинство

Democrats are hoping to gain control of the House of Representatives at the next election.

be/get (sth) under control – держать что-л под контролем

be beyond/outside one’s control – вне ч-л влияния, контроля

get out of control – выйти из-под контроля

2) надзор, регулирование

Control of inflation is the government’s top priority.

3) сдержанность, самообладание

lose/keep control – потерять/ сохранять самообладание

They sat in silence, struggling to keep control of their emotions.

4) (usually plural) законы, методы регулирования wage and price controls

control (v) 1) управлять, руководить

Most of the news media were controlled by the central government.

2) контролировать, регулировать, осуществлять контроль

Spending in the company was tightly controlled.

3) сдерживать (чувства, слезы)

I could hardly control my temper.

Promote (v) 1) способствовать, содействовать, поощрять, поддерживать

The Government is committed to promoting the development and use of public transport.

2) (usually passive) повышать по службе, в чине или звании

A college course can help you find work or get promoted.

promote sb to sth Steve Burrows was recently promoted to senior manager.

3) пропагандировать, выдвигать

These products are aggressively promoted and marketed.

promotion (n) 1) продвижение (по службе)

get/win/gain promotion – получить продвижение

His number one objective is to get promotion.

2) содействие, поддержка

The campaign is concerned with the promotion of health.

3) пропаганда a ban on the promotion of tobacco products

Surround (v) (often passive) – окружать, обступать

He found himself surrounded by an admiring crowd.

surround sth with sth People are surrounding their homes with barbed wire fences.

surround yourself with sth – окружать себя чем-л

Maureen loved to surround herself with art.

surroundings (n) [plural] – среда, окрестности, окружение, обстановка

Our new surroundings are a lot more friendly than we expected.

pleasant/comfortable/beautiful surroundings