- •1. Before you read the text, look at the words in the box and tick the ones you know. Consult the others in the dictionary.
- •2. Match the equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Fill in the correct word from the box:
- •6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Decide whether these statements are true or false? Correct the wrong ones.
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Match the beginning with the ending:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow: Asphalt – an Ancient Constructional Material
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Build derivatives from the words below and translate them:
- •6. Match the following words with their synonyms:
- •7. Put the correct forms of the words into the sentences:
- •8. Translate from Russian into English:
- •9. Read the text and choose the right statement:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Match the equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •5. Read the following words paying attention to the stress and translate them:
- •6. Complete the table. Try to remember what the following words mean:
- •1. The following unit is devoted to planning, so what do you think?
- •2. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •3. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •4. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •5. Decide whether these statements are true or false:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •7. Fill in the correct word from the box:
- •8. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •9. Arrange the synonyms in pairs:
- •10. Form nouns from the following verbs and translate them:
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •6. Match the words with their definitions:
- •7. Find synonyms to the following words in the text:
- •8. Define the part of speech of the following words:
- •9. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •10. Choose the appropriate preposition:
- •11. Write a short summary of the text. You may use the following clichés:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Match the equivalents.
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Complete the sentences using the text:
- •6. Arrange the synonyms in pairs:
- •7. Give the derivatives of the following words (adjectives, adverbs, nouns, verbs) and translate them:
- •8. Fill in the correct prepositions:
- •9. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the text:
- •10. Put the words in the right order to make up sentences.
- •11. Translate from Russian into English:
- •12. Write a short summary of the text. You may use the following clichés:
- •1. Before you read the article, check the meaning of these words and phrases and memorize them.
- •2. Match the equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •6. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the sentences:
- •7. Arrange the words according to their part of speech:
- •13. Speak about:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the sentences:
- •12. Translate from Russian into English.
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Decide whether these statements are true or false:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •7. Match the words with their definitions:
- •8. Choose the right verb:
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. Choose the right translation of the word:
- •6. Match the words in a with an appropriate ending in b:
- •7. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the sentences:
- •Unit XII. Road junctions and intersections
- •3. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Choose the best variant to complete the sentences:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. Choose the right translation of the word in bold:
- •7. Read the text in 2 minutes and answer the question:
- •8. Match the equivalents:
- •9. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •10. Group the following sentences according to the topics:
- •11. Match the sentences with the paragraphs of the text. Put them in order according to the text:
- •12. Speak about traffic control using the following clichés:
- •1. Translate the following words and memorize them:
- •2. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •3. Say if the following statements are true or false:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. What do you think?
- •6. Insert antonyms:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •7. Fill in the missing words from the list:
- •8. Choose the right variant.
- •9. Read the text carefully and do the tasks that follow:
- •10. Answer the following questions which will help you to make a summary of the text:
- •Supplementary reading main types of pavement
- •Pan american highway
- •Kinds of roads and highways (in America)
- •Floating road makes flooded areas passable
- •Silence is golden
- •Roads of belarus
- •Grammar focus
- •1. State the function of the verb “to be” in the following sentences and translate them:
- •2. State the function of the verb “to do” in the following sentences and translate them:
- •3. State the function of the verb “to have” in the following sentences and translate them:
- •4. Remember the function of “it”. Read and translate the following sentences:
- •5. Define the function of one (ones) and translate these sentences:
- •6. Pay attention to the words “only”, “the only”, “some”, “the same” and translate the following phrases:
- •7. Choose the right preposition and translate the sentences:
- •8. Give the appropriate degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and adverbs:
- •9. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the suffix “-er”:
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the modal verbs:
- •11. Choose the correct modal verb:
- •12. Define the part of speech of the underlined words and translate these sentences:
- •13. Define the part of speech of the underlined words and translate these sentences:
- •14. Find the verb in the Passive Voice:
- •15. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the predicates in the Passive Voice with prepositions:
- •17. Choose the best variant:
- •18. Use the correct tense-forms of the verbs in brackets:
- •19. Define the functions of the Participle and translate these sentences:
- •20. Point out the sentences with the Participle as:
- •21. Choose the best variant of translation for the underlined Participles:
- •22. Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the words with the ending “-ed”:
- •23. Choose the right variant of the Participle:
- •24. Choose the right translation of the words given in the brackets:
- •25. Define the Absolute Participle Construction in the following sentences and translate them:
- •26. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the function of the Gerund:
- •27. Choose the sentences that have the Gerund:
- •28. Define the part of the speech of the underlined words (Participle or Gerund) and translate the sentences:
- •29. Translate into Russian and define the function of the Infinitive:
- •30. Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Subject:
- •31. Translate into English using the Complex Subject:
- •32. Read and translate the sentences with the Complex Object:
- •Vocabulary terms used
- •In highway engineering
- •Сокращения
- •References
4. Answer the following questions:
1. What does this text discuss?
2. What is the pavement?
3. Why is it necessary to conduct subsurface explorations to design the pavement?
4. How are different properties of the local rock and soil determined?
5. What is the function of the base course?
6. Does the thickness of the base course range in a typical rural pavement?
7. Where is the subbase situated?
8. What kinds of pavements are described in the text?
9. What kinds of surfacings of a flexible pavement are used?
10. What are the advantages of bituminous surfacing?
11. Where is asphalt surfacing used?
12. What material is used for rigid pavements?
13. What property does concrete possess when it hardens?
14. What is usually done to control cracking?
15. What is necessary to take into account when making the final choice of pavement structure?
Vocabulary practice
5. Choose the right translation of the word:
1. to create a) соединять b) создавать с) дополнять
2. to spray a) напылять b) отражать с) укатывать
3. to enable a) требовать b) давать возможность с) допускать
4. embankment a) насыпь b) прочность с) пленка
5. treatment a) отражение b) обработка с) распределение
6. durability a) упругость b) долговечность с) гибкость
7. solidify a) защищать b) обеспечивать с) затвердевать, застывать
8. additive a) добавка b) обочина с) плотность
9. stabilize a) распределять b) включать с) укреплять (грунт)
10. reinforcement a) наклон b) арматура с) износ
6. Fill in the blanks using the words below and translate the sentences:
flexible, pavement, highway, rigid, cracking, resistance, properties, gravel, site
1. The substance ________ to be determined are of great importance for our research.
2. The ________ has storage for up to 50,000 tonnes of material.
3. The road ________ must be of adequate rigidity, uniformity and resistance to wear.
4. The asphalt concrete surfacing is ________ and should, therefore, be laid over a solid stone base.
5. Broken-stone surfacings have a low ________ to wear under automobile traffic.
6. The pavement is the most expensive part of a ________.
7. The ________ road is the cheapest form of road and the simplest from the construction point of view.
8. Two classifications of pavement have been developed: flexible and ________.
9. Rigid pavement, made of Portland cement concrete, generally has greater strength but is susceptible to ________.
Language focus
7. Arrange the words according to their part of speech:
typically, removal, solidify, supplement, durability, temporary, place, thoroughly, reflect, suitable, moisten, resist, relatively, coating, shrink, cast, prevent, reinforcement, distribute, joint, harden, workability, flexible, protective, cause, stabilizer, additive.
verb |
noun |
adjective |
adverb |
|
|
|
|
8. Translate the following words paying attention to the prefixes and suffixes:
impermeable, unsuitable, disadvantage, motionless, unprotected, untested, useless, invisible, irregular, inaccurate, disappear.
9. Form nouns from the following words:
to resist, stiff, to add, durable, to shrink, susceptible, to distribute, to stabilize, to supply.
10. Match the words with their synonyms:
a) to conduct, to range, to glue, commonly, to involve, to ensure, to stabilize, to enhance, to solidify, to identify, to protect.
b) to connect, to vary, to carry out, to contain, to specify, usually, to reinforce, to defend, to guarantee, to enlarge, to harden.
11. Match the words with their antonyms:
a) to heat, to expand, to repair, to appear, to enhance.
b) to damage, to cool, to contract, to reduce, to disappear.
12. Translate from Russian into English:
1. Дорожная одежда – это горизонтальная конструкция, поддерживаемая естественным материалом.
2. Для того чтобы спроектировать горизонтальную конструкцию, необходимо определить строительные свойства грунта.
3. Такие свойства горной породы и грунта как прочность, жёсткость, долговечность и чувствительность к влаге определяют различными путями.
4. Дорожная одежда – это многослойная (multilayer) конструкция, состоящая из нескольких слоёв: поверхностного слоя, основания дорожной одежды, подстилающего слоя и земляного полотна.
5. Существует 2 типа дорожной одежды: нежёсткая и жёсткая дорожная одежда.
6. Выбирая тип покрытия, инженер должен принимать во внимание многие факторы.
Speaking