- •Table of contents
- •Introduction
- •Theme 1 communication
- •1. Communication Structure. How do people communicate?
- •2. Objectives of communication
- •3. Communication skills
- •4. Channels of communication
- •5. Barriers to Communication
- •6. Success in communication
- •Please engage brain before opening mouth
- •7. Basic forms of communication
- •Verbal Communication
- •8. Communication spheres of translators
- •Reader Theme 2. Intercultural communication
- •1. Culture of communication
- •2. Intercultural communication
- •3. Translators in Cross-Cultural Communication
- •4. Culture and entertainment
- •Theme 3
- •Verbal communication
- •1. Verbal Communication
- •Verbal languages
- •2. Culture of verbal communication
- •Verbal Etiquette
- •3. Semantic and social nature of language
- •Introductions
- •3. Verbal Activities
- •Theme 4 telephoning
- •Introduction. Nowadays, even with e-mail and the Internet, the telephone is still the most common means of communication in business. Telephone is very important in modern business operations.
- •Words are missed
- •Words are misheard
- •The message is misunderstood.
- •Reader. Theme 5. Non-verbal communication
- •4.1. Introduction
- •4.2. Classification of non-verbal communication
- •4.3. Intercultural differences in non-verbal communication
- •4.4. Visiting another country
- •4.5. Professional skills of translators
- •Theme 6 Applying for a job
- •1. Introduction
- •2. The application itself
- •If possible make a photocopy of the blank form before you start. Use this to make a rough copy and then you can be sure that the final version is laid out as neatly as possible.
- •3. Interview
- •4. Translator in a job interview
- •Information to bring to an interview:
- •5. Cross-cultural interviews
- •6. Job interviews in the usa compared with other cultures
- •Reader. Theme 7
- •Interpersonal communication at work
- •1. Interpersonal Communication
- •2. Interpersonal skills
- •3. Communication climate
- •4. Relations and Processes in Workplace
- •5. People in the Office Environment
- •Reader. Theme 8. Meetings
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of meetings
- •3. Meeting procedure
- •Place a watch or clock in a prominent position so you are able to keep an eye on the time.
- •4. Chairing meetings
- •5. Duties of members (attendees, participants) at a meeting
- •6. Teleconferencing
- •7. International meetings
- •8. Business etiquette of the translator
- •8. Vocabulary. Meetings
- •Writing an agenda
- •An example of formal minutes
- •Reader Theme 9. Negotiations
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of negotiations
- •3. Stages in negotiation
- •4. Cross-cultural negotiations
- •1. The basis of the relationship
- •2. Information at negotiations
- •3. Negotiation styles
- •5. Grammar of diplomacy in negotiations
- •10 Being open to negotiation. The -ing forms.
- •12. Verbs patterns with recommend / suggest /advise
- •Reader. Unit 10. Presentation
- •1. Public communication
- •2. Presentation
- •Translator and presentation
- •3. From the life of famous orators
- •4. Preparation to presentation
- •5. Delivering a presentation
- •6. Language.
- •6. Public Communication in different cultures
- •7. Presentation language
4. Relations and Processes in Workplace
Leadership is the process of successfully influencing the activities of a group towards the achievement of a common goal. A leader has the ability to influence others through qualities such as personal charisma, expertise, command of language, and the creation of mutual respect.
Networking is the ability to actively seek, identify and create effective contacts with others, and to maintain those contacts for mutual benefit.
Teamwork involves working with others in a group towards a common goal. This requires cooperating with others, being responsive to others’ ideas, taking a collaborative approach to learning, and taking a responsibility for developing and achieving group goals.
Mentoring is being a trusted advisor and helper with experience in a particular field. Actively supporting and guiding someone to develop knowledge and experience, or to achieve career or personal goals. A mentoring relationship may be formal or informal, but must involve trust, mutual respect, and commitment as both parties work together to achieve a goal (for example, mentoring a younger member of a team to achieve better performance).
Group work is any activity in which employees work together.
Decision making is identifying appropriate evidence and weighing up that evidence to make a choice; Taking responsibility for a decision and its outcomes
Delegation is distributing responsibility and authority in a group; the process of giving power or work to someone else so that they are responsible for part of the work. Assigning tasks and decisions to different group members.
Collaboration is working cooperatively and productively with other team members to contribute to the outcomes of the team’s work
Network building is creating contacts with other people and maintaining those contacts (for example, meeting someone at a seminar with similar interests, and swapping email addresses with them); Acquiring and maintaining information about people who might be useful contacts for specific purposes
Motivating others is generating enthusiasm and energy by being positive, focussing on finding solutions and maintaining a positive attitude even when things are not going well (for example, when something goes wrong, asking "What can we try now?" instead of saying, "That should have worked better."); Encouraging others to come up with solutions, listening carefully to their ideas and offering constructive feedback.
5. People in the Office Environment
Peers and Subordinates
Some research says that 40% of new management hires fail in their first jobs. The key reason for their failure is their inability to build good relationships with peers and subordinates. The following principles can be utilized by office employees to show proper etiquette in the work environment.
Be polite, pleasant and courteous. Be courteous and thoughtful to the people around you, regardless of the situation. Address conflict as situation-related, rather than person-related.
Be timely. Arrive to work and meetings on time. Complete work assignments on time.
Understand the unwritten rules of business.
Appear as professional as possible. Being well groomed and clean is essential.
Adopt a can-do attitude. Those who accept challenges and display creativity are valuable.
Be flexible. By remaining flexible and implementing change you gain a reputation as a cooperative employee.
Speak well of your coworkers and always give credit to everyone who made a contribution to a project or event.
Be thoughtful. Send cards or letters for birthdays or congratulations of promotions or other events, send flowers for engagements, weddings or in condolence for the death of a loved one or family member. People will remember your kindness, probably much longer than you will.
It is important to treat everyone on the business ladder with equal respect. You never know when someone in a lower position than yourself might be able to do you a favor. Or maybe one of your subordinates will get a promotion and end up as your boss one day. How you treat him or her now might determine how you are treated in the future.
Talk and visit with people. Don’t differentiate by position or standing within the company. Secretaries and janitorial staff actually have tremendous power to help or hinder your career. Make it a point to meet them and show your appreciation.
Keep notes on people. They help you create a “people database” with names, addresses, phone numbers, birthdays, spouse and children’s names.
Superiors
Keep the boss informed. Be sure he or she knows what you’re doing, is alerted as early as possible to issues that may arise, and is aware of outcomes and milestones.
Never surprise your boss.
You should speak well of him or her within and outside the company.
The boss is the Boss – right or wrong, the boss always has the last word.
Never go over the boss’ head, without telling him/her first.
Make your boss look good. Promotion and opportunities will arise when you help to reach the organization’s goals.
Social rank or class is a cornerstone of social interaction in many cultures. The corporate climate in the United States is no exception. People feel that it is more important to show respect and practice etiquette around superiors than around peers or subordinates.
Guests and Consultants
If you have a new employee, guest, or consultant working at your company for a day, week, or longer, be sure that that person has the resources and information that he or she needs to do the job.
Give a consultant or guest the same type of workspace as an employee at your company in a similar role. A consultant who is there to do programming should have the same size cube, type of computer equipment, etc. as an employee programmer would have in your company. This prevents your employees from feeling looked down-upon, and the consultant from feeling singled out or treated as second-rate.
A guest from a regulatory agency will tend to want to know what’s “really” going on in the company. By treating him or her like everyone else, (instead of isolating them in a plush office in a far wing, for example) will raise less suspicion and enable them to get the information they need more efficiently.
Appoint an employee to be a ‘buddy’ to a guest or consultant to ensure that they are introduced around, “shown the ropes,” and have someone to help resolve little logistical problems that may arise.