- •Table of Contents
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgments
- •Item 1: Consider providing static factory methods instead of constructors
- •Item 2: Enforce the singleton property with a private constructor
- •Item 3: Enforce noninstantiability with a private constructor
- •Item 4: Avoid creating duplicate objects
- •Item 5: Eliminate obsolete object references
- •Item 6: Avoid finalizers
- •Item 7: Obey the general contract when overriding equals
- •Item 8: Always override hashCode when you override equals
- •Item 9: Always override toString
- •Item 10: Override clone judiciously
- •Item 11: Consider implementing Comparable
- •Item 12: Minimize the accessibility of classes and members
- •Item 13: Favor immutability
- •Item 14: Favor composition over inheritance
- •Item 15: Design and document for inheritance or else prohibit it
- •Item 16: Prefer interfaces to abstract classes
- •Item 17: Use interfaces only to define types
- •Item 18: Favor static member classes over nonstatic
- •Item 19: Replace structures with classes
- •Item 20: Replace unions with class hierarchies
- •Item 21: Replace enum constructs with classes
- •Item 22: Replace function pointers with classes and interfaces
- •Item 23: Check parameters for validity
- •Item 24: Make defensive copies when needed
- •Item 25: Design method signatures carefully
- •Item 26: Use overloading judiciously
- •Item 27: Return zero-length arrays, not nulls
- •Item 28: Write doc comments for all exposed API elements
- •Item 29: Minimize the scope of local variables
- •Item 30: Know and use the libraries
- •Item 31: Avoid float and double if exact answers are required
- •Item 32: Avoid strings where other types are more appropriate
- •Item 33: Beware the performance of string concatenation
- •Item 34: Refer to objects by their interfaces
- •Item 35: Prefer interfaces to reflection
- •Item 36: Use native methods judiciously
- •Item 37: Optimize judiciously
- •Item 38: Adhere to generally accepted naming conventions
- •Item 39:Use exceptions only for exceptional conditions
- •Item 40:Use checked exceptions for recoverable conditions and run-time exceptions for programming errors
- •Item 41:Avoid unnecessary use of checked exceptions
- •Item 42:Favor the use of standard exceptions
- •Item 43: Throw exceptions appropriate to the abstraction
- •Item 44:Document all exceptions thrown by each method
- •Item 45:Include failure-capture information in detail messages
- •Item 46:Strive for </vetbfailure atomicity
- •Item 47:Don't ignore exceptions
- •Item 48: Synchronize access to shared mutable data
- •Item 49: Avoid excessive synchronization
- •Item 50: Never invoke wait outside a loop
- •Item 51: Don't depend on the thread scheduler
- •Item 52: Document thread safety
- •Item 53: Avoid thread groups
- •Item 54: Implement Serializable judiciously
- •Item 55:Consider using a custom serialized form
- •Item 56:Write readObject methods defensively
- •Item 57: Provide a readResolve method when necessary
- •References
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