Практическая грамматика английского языка - Болдак И.А., Малышева О.Л

17.When did you get ill? - I got ill last week. :

18.Tom has lost his passport again. It’s the second time he has lost it.

19.Ann has written ten letters today.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Turn the following sentences into

a)Present Perfect

b)Simple Past

1. She sweeps out of the room. 2.You spoil everything.

3.I hang up.

4.She feels terribly sick.

5.He soon falls asleep. 6.They take a taxi to their flat.

7.Susan lays the table.

8.He tears up the letter in anger.

9.She teaches up mathematics. 10.They ride horses.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple Past, the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous.

1.Mr Johnson (teach) in our school for 25 years now.

2.He (be) in prison since last October.

3.I (never - see) her so angry.

4.I (meet) him only yesterday.

5.They (go) out five minutes ago.

6.Tom (write) letters the whole morning.

7.Mother (lose) her white gloves. (You - see) them anywhere?

8.Who (write) Hamlet?

9.(You - hear) anything of him lately?

10.She (write) me two letters this week.

Exercise 3. Choose the Present Perfect Tense or the Past Simple Tense.

1.(You - ever - have) an accident? — Yes, I (break) my leg two years ago.

2.Is he still unemployed? — Yes, he (be) out of work for several months now.

3.How long (you - stay) in France? — I (stay) there till last January.

4.He (just - return) from abroad.

5.(He - ever - be) late for work?

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6.(You - ever - be) up in an airplane?

7.When (you - hear) the news? — Your son (tell) me yesterday.

8.I (finally - finish) my work.

9.She (be) lame since, she (have) an accident three years ago.

10.(You - phone) her yet? - Yes, I ... I (phone) her an hour ago.

11.A terrible thing (happen) to me yesterday. I (not - hear) the alarmclock, so I (get) up at 8.15 instead of 7.15. I (be) one hour late, so I

(hurry) down, but I (slip) and (fall) down the stairs. I (sprain) my ankle and (hurt)my head.

12.(You -ever - meet) Brian? - Yes, Sarah (introduce) me to him last week.

13.How (you - spend) the day? - I (go) shopping this morning, (work) in the garden this afternoon this afternoon and I (just - finish) cooking supper.

14.When exactly (the accident - happen)?

15.(You-see)thenewspapertoday?-ManchesterUnited(sack)theirmanager.

Exercise 4. Choose the Present Perfect Tense or the Past Simple Tense.

1.When Tom (come) back from America we (drive) to the airport to meet him.

2.Oh! Look what you (just - do)! You (break) my record.

3.I (not - smoke) any cigarettes yesterday. I (not - smoke) a cigarette for three weeks now.

4.I (not - see) any good films recently, except for me I (see) about a month ago.

5.I (fly) over Loch Ness last week. - (You see) the Loch Ness monster?

6.We (miss) the bus. Now we’ll have to walk.

7.How long that horrible monument (be) there? - It (be) there six months. Lots of people (write) to the Town Council asking them to take it away but so far nothing (be) done.

8.Hannibal (bring) elephants across the Alps. — Why (he do) that? - He (want) to use them in battle.

9.This is Mr Minus, who teaches me mathematics, but he (not - have) time to teach me much. I only (be) in his class for a week.

10.I (not - know) that you (be) here. You (be) here long? — Yes, I (be) here two months. - (You - be) to the cathedral? - Yes, I (go) there last Sunday.

11.I (not see) your aunt recently. — No. She (not be) out of her house since she (buy) her colour TV.

12.That house (be) empty for a year. But they just (take) down the “For Sale” sign, so-I suppose someone (buy) it.

13.You (see) today’s paper? — No, anything interesting (happen)? - Yes, two convicted murderers (escape) from the prison down the road.

14.Mary (feed) the cat? — Yes she (feed) him before lunch. - What she (give) him? — She (give) him some fish.

15.How long you (be) out of work? — I’m not out of work now. I just (start) a new job. - How you (find) the job? - I (answer) an advertisement in the paper.

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Communicative Activities

Activity 1.

Work in pairs or groups of three. Complete the following with information about your partner (s). You will need to decide on appropriate questions to ask before you start. For example:

How long have you studied English? How long have you lived in this town?

1.	________________	for _________hours.
2.	_______________	since __________.
3.	________________	for ____________.
4.	_________________	for _________ years.
5.	________________	since ___________.

Activity 2.

Work with a partner. Read the statements below and try to match each statement to people in your class. Write the name in the column, marked Guesses. Next, verify your guesses by asking people if your guess is right or wrong.

GUESSES	WHO	FACTS
_________________Has studied English the longest time?		__________
_________________Has been married the longest time?		__________
	Has owned his or her watch the
_________________ongest time?		__________
	Has known how to drive the longest
_________________time?		__________
	Has known how to drive the short
_________________time?		__________
	Has had the shoes she or he is
_________________wearing today the longest time?		__________
_________________Has worn glasses the longest time?		__________
_________________Has smoked the longest time?		__________

_________________Has had the same hairstyle longest time? __________

Activity 3.

Political Power

In this activity, you will be finding out how different countries are governed. First use the chart to think about your own country or a country you are familiar with. When you have all had enough time to think, begin sharing your information. Use the chart to take notes on what your classmates tell you. In the first part of

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the chart, check (*) the appropriate box or write in the box marked other. In the second part of the chart, write notes. Be ready to share this information with the rest of the class.

	Country				Type of Leadership
		President			Monarch1	Prime		Other
						Military
	Great				*	*
	Britain
	1. king, queen, emperor, etc.
	Country	How		Current Leader Came into						Power
		Election			Succession		Coup			Other
	Great	* (Prime		* (Queen)
	Britain	minister)

Activity 4.

In this activity, you will be finding out some of the things that your classmates have done. Look at the list below. Move around the class and ask questions to see if you can find anyone who has ever done any of these things.

First you need to find who has had the experience (name); then you need to get specific details about the experience (when) (where) (how/why). Take notes below; it is not necessary to write full sentences at this point. In the box marked ***, you can add a question of your own if you want to.

Be ready to share your findings with the rest of the class. Finally, you will use-this information to make a written report.

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HAVE YOU EVER...?

Experience	Name	When	Where	How/Why
met a famous
person
climbed a mountain
seen a shark
felt really
frightened
flown in a hot-air
balloon
***

Now use the information you collected to complete this report on you findings.

A few days ago I interviewed some of my classmates about things they have done before now, and I learned some interesting things about their past experiences. For example,...

Activity 5.

The purpose of this activity is to confuse your classmates. You will tell the class about three things you have done in your life. Two of these things are true, but one is false. Your. classmates will try to guess which one is false. For example:

I have ridden a bicycle from Grodno to Minsk.

I have travelled by boat up the Nieman. I have broken my leg twice.

Which statement is false?

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In order to decide which one is false, your classmates can ask you questions about the specific details of each experience. For example, “When did you ride your bike to Minsk?” “How long did it take?” “Which leg did you break?” and so on. After they have listened to your answers, the class will vote on which experience is false.

Take turns talking about your true and false experience until everyone has taken part.

6. PAST PERFECT AND PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE

•When two action or events both happened in the past, the Past Perfect describes the action or event which happened first; the Past Simple describes the action or event which happened second:

When I got there, he had eaten all the cookies. = First, he ate the cookies; then, I got there. (I didn’t see him eat the cookies!)

•The Past Perfect contrasts two actions or events in the past. She was tired yesterday because she had taken a long bike ride.

Practice Section

Comment on the use. Translate into Russian.

1.How many letters had he translated? - He had translated three letters.

2.What had he been doing? - He’d been translating letters.

3.How much had be drunk by the end of the party? — He’d drunk three gins.

4.Why did he behave the way he did? — Because he had been drinking.

5.Had you read the book before you saw the film? — Yes, I only saw the film yesterday, but I had read the book a long time before.

6.Why was he tired? — Because he had been running.

7.Did they reach an agreement? — I don’t know. They had already talked things over four times before.

8.How long had they been negotiating when they made peace? - They’d been negotiating for three weeks before they made peace.

9.Was it the first time he complained? — Not at all. He had been complaining for a long time.

10.How often did you phone him? — By ten o’clock I had phoned him three times.

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11. How long had you been waiting when she arrived? — By ten o’clock I had been waiting for twenty minutes.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the Past Simple Tense, the Past Perfect Tense or the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

1.After I (get) your message I (leave) as soon as I (can).

2.The roads (be) still wet because it (rain) all morning.

3.After I (be) on the road for about half an hour I (see) a warning sign.

4.By the time I (reach) Oxford it (start) raining again and the roads (be) very slippery. I can tell you I (be - not) very glad to drive in that weather.

5.When I (recover) from the shock I (see) what (really - happen).

6.He (say) he (often - see) something similar.

7.Last night I (have) dinner in a Greek restaurant. It (be) delicious. I (never - be) to a Greek restaurant before.

8.They (live) in the country for ten years when they (have to) move to London.

9.It (be - not) the first time he (apply) for a job. As a matter of fact he (apply) for a job for more than a year.

10.She (not - sign) the contract till she (meet) the Managing Director himself.

Exercise 2. Choose the Past Simple Tense, the Past Perfect Tense or the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

A.1. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. 2. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining. 3. I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) any since the previous February. 4. If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time. 5. However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Avenue. 6. He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.

B.1. When the old lady (return) to her flat she (see) at once that burglars (break) in during her absence, because the front door (be) open and everything in the flat (be) upside down. 2.The burglars themselves (be) no longer there, but they probably only just (leave) because a cigarette was still burning on an

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ornamental table. 3. Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) down

the fire escape. 4.They (help) themselves to her whisky too but there (be) a little left, so she (pour) herself out a drink. 5. She (wonder) if they (find) her jewellery and rather (hope) that they had. 6.The jewellery (be) given her by her husband, who (die) some years before. 7. Since his death she (not have) the heart to wear it yet she (not like) to sell it.

C.1. I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (see) a man standing on the opposite pavement watching the house. 2.When I (get up) the following morning he (be) still there, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or if he (go) away and (come) back.

Communicative Activities

Activity 1. The purpose of this activity is to compare different events and achievements at different times in our lives. You will need to get information from five of your classmates to complete this.

The left-hand column in the chart below shows different ages; your job is to find three interesting or surprising things your classmates had done by the time they reached this age. If you don’t want to talk about your life, feel free to invent things that you had done at those ages. Be ready to report on your findings.

(Name)	| (Name)	| (Name)	|
(Name)

By the time, she or

he was 5 years old ...

By the time she or he was 10 years old...

By the time she or he was 15 years old...

By the time she or he was 18 years old...

By the time *

By the tune *

*you choose an age

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Now choose the three most surprising pieces of information you found for each age (for example: The age 15 is very interesting! By the time Victor and Nina were 15, they had done quite different things. Victor had worked in his father’s office and had visited ten different countries, and Nina had won several prizes for swimming ...) Present this information as an oral or written report. Be sure to announce your purpose in an introductory sentence and to end with a concluding comment.

If you prefer, you can turn your information into a poster presentation. Take a large poster-sized sheet of paper or card and use this to make a poster that communicates the information you found. You can use graphics, pictures, and diagrams to make your poster interesting and eye-catching. Display your poster so that your classmates can enjoy it and be ready to answer any questions they might have about it .

Activity 2 Work in teams. With your team, choose three famous people who are now dead. Make sure you choose famous people everyone has heard of. For each person, write three statements about what she/he had done before they died. Most people should be able to guess the identity of your person after they hear all three statements.

Team A presents the first statement about their first person. The other teams have to try to guess the identity of the dead person from the statements.

Each team can ask two yes/no questions after each statement. (The “trick” is to make your statements difficult, but not impossible!)

Activity 3 The purpose of this activity is to compare and contrast important historical events in the development of different countries.

Use the chart below to record THREE events that you think were important in the history of your country (or of a country that you know about). Don’t worry if you don’t know the exact date. Just mark on the chart more or less when you think it happened.

1300s 1400s 1500s 1600s 1700s 1800s 1900s

Now go around the class comparing your chart with your classmates’ charts. Add to your chart significant dates from at least three other students. Where possible, try to get information from students who come from different countries. Can you add any important events from North American history too?

Use the information on your chart to compare and contrast what had happened in one country (or countries) when something else happened in another country. In addition, try to find different events that occurred at the same time at different countries. Present your. findings as a written or oral report; don’t forget to include an introduction and a conclusion. If you choose to make a written

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report, read the report carefully when you finish writing and check that you have chosen the most appropriate tenses. If you choose to make an oral report, record your presentation and afterward listen to yourself, checking specifically on your use of tenses. If you prefer, you can share your findings as a poster presentation (see Activity 1).

7. TENSE FORMS: MIXED

Practice Section

Comment on the use.

Translate into Russian.

1.I’ve lost my spectacles. — Again? You’re always losing your spectacles.

2.Does your husband do most of the cooking?

3.The next train leaves at two fifteen in the morning.

4.She’s living in a flat at present.

5.We often saw his dog sitting outside his house.

6.I had heard it was a good film so we decided to go and see it.

7.It was getting late. I had been waiting there since two o’clock..

8.He was watching television when the door bell rang.

9.The children are growing up quickly.

10.It was 6 o’clock. The train was nearing London.

11.I’ve been working hard all day.

12.Her daughter was going to do the cooking.

13.I’m sure you will enjoy your visit to the ZOO.

l4. By 1998, he will have worked for twelve years.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Insert the correct from of either “be used” or “used” in these sentences.

1.I ___ to go church when I was younger but I don’t now.

2.She ___ to going to bed very late at night.

3.I _______ to driving very fast because I’ve been a fireman for ten years.

4. They _____ to going on holiday with their parents, but I prefer	goingon
my own.
5. We ____ to go to the swimming pool every day but it’s closed	down
now.

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