Практическая грамматика английского языка - Болдак И.А., Малышева О.Л

Activity 4.

Walk around your neighborhood or city. What is being done to make it a better place to live in?

Report on your findings to your classmates: While I was walking in the neighborhood, I noticed that...

In what ways do you think your neighborhood/city will be a better place in the future?

Activity 5.

In this activity, you will make a chain story about somebody’s bad day - a day when everything went wrong. One student will start the story and will continue until she or he uses a get-passive. When she or he uses a get- passive, the next person will continue.

Student l: Andy had a really bad day. First, he overslept. When he got dressed, he forgot to put his pants on.

Student 2:He ran out of the house, but he got embarrassed when he realized he had forgotten his pants.

Student 3: etc., etc.

Activity 6. Have you ever had a really bad day? A day when everything went wrong, though no fault of your own? Describe the day, using getpassive where possible.

III. REPORTED SPEECH (REVISION)

REPORTED SPEECH IN STATEMENTS,

QUESTIONS AND COMMANDS

Drills

Drill 1. E.g. “I don”t speak

German”, she said.

*She said she didn’t speak German.

1.“She”11 go tomorrow”, he said.

2.“Johnny can play the guitar”, I said.

3.“He may be at home”, she said.

4.“I have finished my work”, the boy said.

5.“It is not difficult to find”, father said.

6.“They have lived here for ten years”, he said.

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7.“It will be a hot day”, my sister said.

8.“I am not going to do it”, he said.

9.“They are not hurry”, I said.

Drill 2. E.g. “There has been a plane crash” (on the radio)

It said on the radio that there had been a plane crash..

1.“The house has eight bedrooms” (in the advertisement)

2.“Liverpool have won the match” (in the newspaper)

3.“The hotel is on the sea-front” (in the brochure)

4.“The police are still looking for the bank robbers” (on television)

5.“The government has not agreed to the pay-increase” (on the radio)

Drill 3. E.g “Why are we having dinner so late? ”, Roger asked. *Roger asked why we were having dinner so late.

1.“Is Mr Lane busy?”

2.“What has John told you?”

3.“When does the manager receive visitors?”

4.Why has Bob left so early?”

5.“Who took the magazine yesterday?”

6.“Have you repaired the car?”

7.“Who is playing the piano?”

8.“How well do you know George?”

Drill 4. E.g. “Don “t disturb me”. - What did the boss tell his secretary?

*The boss told his secretary not to disturb him.

1.“Don”t make noise”. - What did the teacher order the class?

2.“Please don”t kill me”. - What did the prisoner beg the soldier?

3.“Don”t leave the house”. - What did the policeman tell the suspect?

4.“Please don”t tell my father”. - What did the boy beg his teacher?

5.“Don”t buy the red car”. - What did the salesman advise him?

6.“Don”twearyourbesttrousersinthegarden”.-What didMrWilliamstellJaimie?

7.“Please don”t keep ordering me about”. - What did Jamie ask his father?

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Drill 5. “What did they say?”

1.She said “I’m tired”.

2.He said “We”ve only just started talking!”

3.She said “It’s getting late”.

4.He said “It’s still early”.

5.She said “I’ve got to get up early in the morning”.

6.He said “Tomorrow is another day”.

7.She said “Tomorrow is another very busy day”.

8.He said “You”ll feel much better after another drink”.

9.She said “I”ll just have one more before I go”.

10.He said “What are you going to have?”

11.She said “What is there?”

12.He said “Which do you prefer - white wine, red wine or beer?”

13.She said “What else is there?”

14.He said “How do you feel about a small whisky?”

15.She said “Can you just get me some water?”

16.He said “Can I get you a gin and tonic?”

17.She said “Do you know where my coat is?”

18.He said “Do you really want to go?”

19.She said “Are you as stupid as you look?”

20.He said “Have 1 said something to annoy you?”

21.She said “How can you possibly think that?”

22.He said “0h, do stay”.

23.She said “Go and jump in the river”.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Put into direct speech.

1.The Prime Minister said that education was very important.

2.The police said they did not know all the answers.

3.Steve said that he was living in Oxford.

4.Jenny said that she had been to Mexico.

5.The old lady said she wasn’t feeling very well.

6.Steve said he had done Biology at university.

7.The man said that the boy had never stolen anything before.

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8.Zed said that one of the passengers had complained.

9.Anita asked why the English were so bad at foreign languages.

10.The teacher asked if anyone had read the book.

11.Jenny asked when the scholarship started.

12.Tom asked what had happened at the meeting.

13.Fred asked Liz how much money she was spending.

14.Mr Hide asked Jenny if she had enjoyed at art college.

Exercise 2. Look at the direct speech and insert the correct verb in the report speech. Use the verbs “admit, warn, explain, think, ask, advise” (introductory verbs).

1.“If I were you, I wouldn”t swim in that river”.

—She ____ me not to swim in me river.

2.“Would you mind getting me a bottle of milk from the supermarket?”

—He ____ me to get him a bottle of milk from the supermarket.

3.“Yes, you are right. I stole the car”.

—He _____ that he had stolen the car.

4.“You should take an umbrella with you. It”s going to rain”.

—She ____ me that it was going to rain.

5.“I’m sorry I’m late, but I had a puncture on my way here”.

—He ____ that he was late because he had had a puncture.

6.“They may arrive at two o”clock, but I’m not sure”.

—She ______they were arriving at two o’clock.

Exercise 3. Write the direct speech for these sentences. What did they say?

1.The man later admitted that he had robbed the bank, but he claimed that he had not hit the policeman who arrested him.

2.I warned him not to cross the river there because the water was too deep.

3.She explained to him that he would have to come back the next day because the manager was too busy to see him.

4.They asked me to buy them some cakes while I was in town.

5.She advised them not to visit London the following Christmas because there

would be too many tourists.

6.I thought he would get to Edinburgh at about three o’clock.

7.She told him to get off at the bus stop nearest the station.

8.He said that he hadn’t been able to come to the match the previous Saturday, as he had too much homework to do.

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Exercise 4. Read the dialogue conversation in reported speech.

Mary met her friend Susan in the street. Mary: Did you see Tom yesterday?

Susan: Yes, he’s leaving for Madrid tomorrow. Mary: Oh, really! Is he going there on holiday? Susan: No. He’s got to work there.

Mary: I thought he worked in a bank.

Susan: He does, but they want him to see somebody in Madrid.

Mary: Luck him! When will he be back? Susan: On Saturday morning.

Mary: Good. I’m having a party next Saturday. Can you and Tom come? Susan: That sounds nice. Yes, I can certainly come. Tom will come too, I think... if his plane is on time!

Exercise 5. Read the passage. Imagine the conversation Susan had with Tom. Write it down.

Susan spoke to Tom on the phone. She asked him what he had been doing that day. He said he’d got up at about eight and had worked until seven in the evening except for a half an hour’s break for a sandwich. He said he liked Madrid but it was difficult for him to go around on his own because he couldn’t speak Spanish. He said people had been very helpful however and took him wherever he wanted to go. He thought he’d start going to evening classes the following winter. He also said that he wasn’t sure he’d be back in time for the start of Mary’s party but would get there as soon as he could.

Exercise 6. Read the dialogue. Write the conversation in reported speech.

Jane was sitting outside a cafe when a police officer approached her. This is the conversation they had.

Policeman: Hello. I’m a police officer. Can I ask you a few questions, please? Jane: Yes, all right. What do you want to know?

Policeman: Just some personal details first. Your name, please? Jane: Jane Simmonds.

Policeman: And your address Miss Simmonds?

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Jane: 34, Granville Avenue.

Policeman: Were you here yesterday at about eight o’clock Miss Simmonds?

Jane:	Yes, I was. Why do you want to know that?
Policeman: Did you notice a man in his late twenties?
Jane:	Not that I remember, no.
Policeman: Perhaps you saw a little girl playing with a toy car?
Jane:	Yes, that’s right I remember now. The car fell in the river over

there.

Policeman: What happened then?

Jane:	The little girl started crying.
Policeman: What did the man do?
Jane:	He shouted at the little girl and told her to be quiet.
Policeman: What happened after that?
Jane:	The little girl ran away.
Policeman: Which way did she go?
Jane:	Towards the river. Why? Is anything wrong?

Policeman: Yes, the little girl hasn’t been seen then. Now is there anything else which might help us?

Jane wrote and told her friend what had happened. She began like this: “I was sitting outside the cafe when a policeman came up to me and asked me...” Continue the description of what happened.

Communicative Activities

Activity 1.

In teams, imagine that you are members of a group of “world citizens” who have been asked by a panel of international policy-makers to think about ways to solve one of the world’s problems.

First, you will need to choose a world problem and discuss some of the steps that must be taken in order to begin solving this problem. Then you will need to make formal suggestions to the panel. Use the following sentence beginnings to guide you in making your report:

We recommend that...

We suggest that...

We propose that...

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Activity 2.

In order to support your choices in Activity 1, you will need to make predictions about what might happen if your plan is not implemented/listen to. Use adjectives from the following list to make. Predictions about what could happen. (It is certain that ... = strong predictions; It is unlikely that... = weak prediction.)

likely unlikely possible certain p r o b a b l e

doubtful

Activity 3.

To follow up your work in previous activities, write a short report that summarizes what you learned about one of the world’s problems. In this report: 1)describe the problem; 2) report the results of the syrvey; 3) give your group’s recommendations, and 4) predict the outcome if these recommendations are not followed.

IV. CONDITIONALS

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. TYPE 1

1. Form

The verb in the if-clause is in the present tense and the verb in the main clause is in the future simple:

e.g. If I see Tom tomorrow, I’II give him your message. 2. Use

We use type 1 conditional sentences when we think the action or situation in the if clause is possible or probable.

Type 1 conditionals often refer to the future (If I see him tomorrow...) but can refer to the present.

e.g. If you feel cold (now), I’ll shut the window.

3.Variations of the basic form

a)In the if-clause, instead of the present simple, we can use the

present continuous:

e.g. If you’re looking for Tom, you’ll find him upstairs.

Or the present perfect:

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e.g. If you’ve finished your homework, we’ll watch TV.

b)In the main clause, instead of “will”, we can use “may/can” for permission,“may/might/could”forpossibility,“can/could”forability,etc.

e.g. If you eat all your dinner, you can have a chocolate. If it’s foggy tonight, the plane may be late.

c)We can also use two present simple tenses to express automatic or

habitual results:

e.g. If you press this button, the light goes on (automatic result). If you argue with him, he gets angry (habitual result).

Practice Section

Comment on the form and meaning of the verbs in the following complex sentences.

1.We will go to the art gallery, if it is open today. 2.If the weather is good, they can go sightseeing.

3.If you want to drive a car, you must have a driver’s license. 4.Mary won’t be slim, unless she stops eating so much.

5.He usually watches TV in the evening, unless he has to work. 6.If you’re tired, sit down.

7.If you need the money, I’ll lend it to you.

8.If you aren’t too busy, would you help me with this.

9.If we leave at 1.30, we’ll arrive at 2.30.

10.If the ice is thick, we can walk across.

11.We’ll go out later on, if it stops raining.

12.If you want information about the engine, you’d better ask my brother.

13.If she has time, she’ll phone me this evening.

14.If you decide to buy it, could you give me a ring on Sunday night?

Drills

Drill 1. Combine each pair of sentences into one. Begin “if”; omit “perhaps” and “then”.

e.g .Perhaps my firm will move to London. Then I’ll have to find a new place to live.

*If my firm moves to London, I’ll have to find a new place to live.

1.Perhaps I’ll get a house in the suburbs. Then I’ll have a garden. — *If I get …

2.Perhaps I’ll rent a flat in the center. Then I’ll be able to walk to work.

3.Perhaps I’ll be able to walk to work. Then I’ll save money.

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4.Perhaps she will have time. Then she will phone me this evening.

5.Perhaps the weather will be line. Then we’ll have a picnic tomorrow.

6.Perhaps you’ll want to watch the TV. Then I’ll switch it on for you.

7.Perhaps I’ll have a big lunch. Then it’ll make me sleepy.

Drill 2. E.g. Malcolm hopes to pass his exams. Then he’ll go to university.

*If Malcolm passes his exams, he’ll go to university.

e.g. Perhaps he won’t go to university. Then he’ll start work in a bank. *If he doesn’t go to university, he’ll start work in a bank.

1.Malcolm hopes to pass his exams. Then he’ll go to university. 2.Perhaps he won’t go to university. Then he’ll start work in a bank. 3.He wants to go to university. Then he’ll study history or languages. 4.James wants to become a tennis player. Then he’ll make a lot of money. 5.Perhaps he won’t improve his game. Then he’ll give up tennis.

6.His mother wants to make him study law. Then he’ll be unhappy. 7. Perhaps she won’t say anything. Then they’ll decide themselves. 7.Perhaps they’ll both be successful. Then everyone’ll be happy.

Drill 3. Complete the sentences. What happens if? e.g. If you don’t get enough sleep ___.

*If you don’t get enough sleep, you always feel tired. ___you get sunburnt.

*If you sit in the hot sun for too long, you get sunburnt.

1.If you stand in the cold for a long time, ___

2.If you run uphill, ___

3.If you drink too much alcohol, ___

4.If you get caught in the rain without an umbrella, ___

5.If you don’t have a job, ___

6.__ , you put on weight.

7.___ , you lose weight.

8.___ , you eyes get tired.

9.___, you get a smoker’s cough.

10.___, you get tooth decay.

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Exercises

Exercises 1. Combine each pair of basic sentences into one complex sentences with if-clause

e.g. Anne may have free time. She will go to the folk concert then. *If Anne has free time, she will go to the folk concert.

1.The film may be boring. We’ll go home then.

2.Jane may have to wait for her husband. She will try to solve the crossword then.

3.John may fly to New York on Saturday. We will postpone the party then.

4.Oscar may book a room in that hotel. He won’t trouble you then.

5.The hotel may be full. We’ll have to go to another hotel then.

6.Mrs Cramer may need money. She’ll go to the bank then.

7.We may not hear from him today. We’ll send him a telegram then.

8.It may stop raining. We’ll go through the part then.

9.Helen may be out. Her mother will take your message then.

10.It may rain. The children won’t go to the park then.

11.Constance may meet some friends tomorrow evening. She won’t come to our party then.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1.If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once.

2.Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.

3.What will happen if my parachute (not open)?

4.The police (arrest) him if they catch him.

5.If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine.

6.If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police.

7.If he (be) late we’ll go without him.

8.She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this.

9.If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea.

10.If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once.

11.If you leave the car here it (not be) in anybody’s way.

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