- •Conditionals Conditional I, Time Clauses
- •I. Read the text and find examples where the Present Simple is used for future after linking words (if, otherwise, unless etc). Answer the questions.
- •A monster or a saint?
- •II. Read the conversation and choose the correct forms.
- •IV. Use if, unless, when, or until in these sentences. In some cases there are several possibilities.
- •V. Read the dialogues and complete them choosing from the variants below.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •Conditional II
- •I. Read the text paying attention to the use of Conditional II, answer the questions. Ten days a week?
- •II. Replace “’d” in these sentences with would or had.
- •III. Put “if” in the correct place in the sentences.
- •IV. Look at the remarks below, and choose between will and would.
- •V. Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences.
- •VI. Comment on the situations. Use Conditional II with would or could as in the example.
- •VII. Vicky is fed up. What is she saying? Use “I wish” or “if only”.
- •VIII. Complete the questions. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Ask and answer the questions in pairs.
- •IX. Translate into English using Conditional II.
- •Conditional III
- •I. Complete the conversation. Put in the correct form of the verb. Use the Past Perfect or would have.
- •II. Imagine what you might have seen or could have done if you’d been in the places listed below at the right time. Look at the example first.
- •III. Read the news headline and try to imagine what’s happened. Many injured in disco fire
- •IV. Complete each sentence a to h with one of the endings 1 to 8. Then write a sentence beginning with “If…” using Conditional III.
- •V. Read the story. Write sentences about the story with “if” and Conditional III.
- •VIII. Translate into English using Conditional III.
IV. Use if, unless, when, or until in these sentences. In some cases there are several possibilities.
The radio won’t work ________ you put some batteries in it.
I can’t work ________ you keep interrupting.
Come and see me ________ you feel lonely.
We’ll have coffee ________ we’ve finished.
Let’s wait ________ our friends arrive.
I’ll call you ________ I get to the airport.
You can’t do that ________ you have permission.
We’ll go by car _______ you want to walk.
Don’t phone me _______ you need my help.
V. Read the dialogues and complete them choosing from the variants below.
1. - Oliver, could you do your homework now?
- Oh Mum, I’ll do it when…
2. - Are you going anywhere nice this weekend?
- We might go for a picnic in the country if…
3. - We haven’t got any milk!
- Oh no! I’ll go and buy some as soon as…
4. - Are you enjoying your new job more now?
- No, I hate it! I want to leave as soon as…
5. - So when are we going to see each other again?
- I don’t know – I’m very busy at work at the moment, and I’m going away soon, but I’ll phone you when…
6. - Are you going to have a holiday this year?
- I hope so, if…
… I get back.
… I get dressed.
… we have enough money.
… the weather’s not too bad.
… I can find something else.
… this programme finishes.
VI. Comment on the situations the way shown in the example. Use if + the present tense + will / can.
Example:It might rain. If it does, everyone can eat inside.
→ If it rains, everyone can eat inside.
Rachel might fail her driving test. But she can take it again.
The children mustn’t go near Nick’s dog. It’ll bite them.
United might lose. If they do, Tom will be upset.
The office may be closed. In that case Mark won’t be able to get in.
Nick may arrive a bit early. If he does, he can help Jack to get things ready.
The party may go on all night. If it does, no one will want to do any work tomorrow.
Emma may miss the train. But she can get the next one.
Is Matthew going to enter the race? He’ll probably win it.
VII. Translate into English.
Если вы везете наркотики, офицеры таможенной службы арестуют вас.
Если Майк не сдаст тест на вождение, он попробует еще раз.
Вам выплатят компенсацию, как только суд примет соответствующее решение.
Преступник получит три года тюремного заключения, если не попадет под амнистию.
Когда мой друг сдаст квалификационные экзамены, он станет адвокатом.
Если человек, имеющий условное наказание, вновь совершит правонарушение в определенный период, его приговор будет более серьезным.
Как только она проконсультируется со своим адвокатом, будет подан гражданский иск в суд.
Подсудимый будет оправдан, если обвинение не докажет его вину.
Вы должны извиниться за клевету, иначе я подам в суд.
Прежде чем сесть за руль в состоянии алкогольного опьянения, подумайте об опасности, которой вы подвергаете окружающих.
Conditional II
I. Read the text paying attention to the use of Conditional II, answer the questions. Ten days a week?
Because human beings have ten fingers, it is natural for us to think in tens. Our numbering system is based on ten, and we use decimals in all our calculations, whether we’re studying mathematics or simply doing our shopping (money, weights and measures). This is an admirably simple system which we use for almost every aspect of our daily lives – except for time.
Our time system is decidedly not simple. We can’t help having 365 days in a year – that’s a fact of life – but why do we have to group them into twelve months of different lengths, or into fifty-two weeks of seven days each? And during one of these days, how do we tell the time? By dividing the day into twenty-four hours, each of which contains sixty minutes, each of which contains sixty seconds. The whole thing’s crazy. How much simpler it would be if we adopted a time system based on ten.
Let’s take the days first. Each day would be divided into just ten hours; each hour would contain 100 minutes, and each minute would contain 100 seconds. (This would give us decimal seconds that are only slightly shorter than the ones we have at the moment.) You could then agree to meet a friend at, say, 7.75 (that is, 75 minutes past seven, or quarter to eight) and there would be no possible confusion about whether you meant morning or evening. And an hour and a half would not be 90 minutes, but a much more sensible 150 minutes – or 1.5 hours.
Imagine beginning your year with a five-day New Year holiday. You’d then be quite ready for the first working day of the year – Day One of Week One. Unlike the weeks we have now, it would last for ten days, and there would be exactly 36 weeks in the year. And in leap years, you’d simply get an extra day’s holiday at New Year, instead of an extra day in February. In fact, there would be no need for months at all. Dates would simply be numbers. Day 93, for example, would be three days into the tenth week – it could also be written 9.3: nine weeks plus three days. And the days of the week would need new names – “See you on Fourday”.
Would it work? Of course it would. There would be some difficulties to start with, of course, but as soon as people got used to the new system, its advantages would become obvious. In 1971, Britain changed from a crazy currency (12 pence to a shilling, 20 shillings to a pound) to a sensible decimal system. Many predicted that it would cause chaos, yet a few months later, the old currency was forgotten. Changing to a sensible time system would be a very similar – and entirely beneficial – experience.
What would a decimal time system look like?
How would the year start?
Would there be months?
What would the advantages of a new system be?
Why might it be difficult to change to a decimal time system? These ideas may help you: tradition, religion, cost, education, work.