Тема о Здравоохранении в РБ - Мед Учереждения
.docHEALTH CARE IN BELARUS
I
The Constitution of Belarus guarantees the right to health care for all citizens of our country, ensuring material security in sickness, disability and in old age. Health care in Belarus is free of charge. Any person who falls ill is entitled to a sick-leave pay. Originally, all medical attention was free, with funds for the service coming from the state. As the economic situation in the country has worsened the cost of medicines and equipment has risen, some charges have been passed onto the patients. While calls to patients' homes, hospital treatment, ambulance service and check-ups by the doctors are still free, people now pay for some kinds of diagnostic and medical procedures, expensive medicines.
A sick person may undertake treatment at various medical institutions such as polyclinics (out-patient clinics), hospitals (in-patient clinics), first aid stations, health centres and build their health up at sanatoria and rest homes.
'Preventive medicine underlies the health system of our country. Preventive medical check-ups of the population are held on a regular basis. The bulk of this work is carried out by tuberculosis, oncological and skin and venereal dispensaries, women's health centres and other specialized medical institutions.^
The core of primary care is a district doctor. Every person can get medical care in the out-patient clinic in his residential area. At polyclinics patients receive outpatient treatment. As a rule, these establishments have specialized departments as well as various consulting rooms and laboratories for diagnostic check-ups and treatment. There is a broad range of well-equipped laboratories for making analyses and procedure rooms.
/""Every out-patient clinic services a specific residential neighbourhood, which in turn is divided into separate districts. Each of them is assigned to a particular physician who not only receives patients at the clinic but also visits them at home. If necessary, he sends the patient to other specialists for consultation or to hospital for treatment) However, every patient can visit any specialist he wants. The bulk of the work involved in medical check-ups and a significant part of treatment now is done by out-patient clinics and dispensaries.
^Most out-patient clinics are linked up with in-patient clinics. Hospitals deal mainly with the diagnosis and treatment of the most serious cases^(Jhere are 900 hospitals in Belarus. They are equipped with up to date therapeutic and diagnostic equipmerrp40 of them have «day-time fixed hospitals», and rehabilitation departments function in 39 of them. It allows doctors to speed up the treatment and make the period of patient's staying in hospital shorter. Only in Minsk city over 35 thousand persons work at medical establishments. About 40 thousand patients are treated in medical hospitals annually. The construction of a new hospital in the Uruchye district, of a surgery and intensive care building for the 4lh clinic and of 10 new buildings of polyclinics is under way. The cardiology centre, maternity department of the 6* clinic and children's uronephrological centre have already been launched.
There are also the Health Centre, and the Sanitary and Epidemiological Centre in Minsk - for preventing epidemics.
A lot has been done in Belarus to solve the problem of mother and child welfare. There are special labour laws for pregnant women. We have hundreds of child health centres, special children's hospitals and polyclinics, numerous ante-natal and post-natal clinics. But according to data of 1999 the birth rate was 9.1% and infant mortality was 9.2% and there is much to be desired.
The network of medical institutions in the republic includes different kinds of hospitals, medical institutions rendering out-patient services, nursing and care homes for elderly and disabled persons. Nursing and care homes are medical and social institutions intended for permanent residence of disabled and aged people who need care and medical attention.
Emergency aid is provided round-the-clock and is also free. There are 204 first aid stations. If a person falls ill or even just doesn't feel well, all he has to do to get a doctor is dial 03. The emergency medical care services have ambulances equipped with diagnostic, respiratory, anaesthetic machines, electric stimulation and electro-therapeutic, blood transfusion apparatuses as well as other equipment. This helps doctors not only to diagnose the illness but also to render the necessary emergency aid immediately.