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Госкомитет Российской Федерации по высшему образованию РОСТОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

ПО ПРАКТИКЕ УСТНОЙ И ПИСЬМЕННОЙ РЕЧИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

для студентов 1 курса факультета филологии и журналистики (специальность романо-германская филология)

Ростов-на-Дону

2003

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Методические указания обсуждены и утверждены на заседании кафедры романо-германской филологии факультета филологии и журналистики Ростовского государственного университета.

Протокол № ___ от _______________2003

Составили: Л.А. Нехлюдова, ст. преподаватель.

Ответственный редактор: К. Ю. Колесина, канд. пед. наук, доцент.

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Настоящие методические указания отвечают основным целям обучения на 1 курсе отделений и факультетов иностранных языков и направлены на овладение, развитие и совершенствование профессиональных умений и навыков устной и письменной речи студентов в процессе их работы в аудитории под руководством преподавателя и самостоятельной работы. Предлагаемые тексты и задания способствуют обогащению словарного запаса студентов, приобщению студентов к самостоятельной научно-исследовательской работе над языком и развивают у них аналитический подход к изучаемым языковым явлениям. Указания составлены

сучетом поаспектного обучения языку и предназначены для занятий по практике устной и письменной речи английского языка, что и определило их структуру и содержание отдельных разделов. Методические указания отвечают основным дидактическим и методическим принципам обучения и состоят из 3 разделов, приложения, списка использованной литературы и списка аудиоматериалов.

Первые 2 раздела, «Проблемы современной семьи. Помолвка и брак», «Воспитание детей. Проблемы отцов и детей», содержат вокабуляр по данным подтемам, тексты, упражнения, диалоги и материалы по аудированию. Тематический вокабуляр включает слова и словосочетания, как подлежащие активному усвоению, так и не входящие в активный словарь, но нуждающиеся в пояснении.

Предлагаемые для изучения тексты служат цели отработки учебно-познавательной темы и являются источником политических, художественных и литературоведческих знаний. В этих разделах также включен материал страноведческого характера, знакомящий студентов с проблемами семьи и воспитания детей, традициями заключения помолвки и брака в странах изучаемого языка (Великобритания, США).

Упражнения устной речевой направленности способствуют более глубокому проникновению в структуру и содержание текста, обращают внимание студентов на различия средств и способов формирования и формулирования мысли в русском и английском языках. В каждом разделе также имеется ряд так называемых “Activation Exercises”, целью которых является закрепление полезного лексический материала. Данный тип упражнений включает как языковые, так и условно-речевые и речевые упражнения, многие из которых имеют коммуникативную направленность. Делается акцент на умение студентов понять и передать определенную информацию, используя необходимый лексический материал, стимулировать построение устного связного, последовательного и логически-стройного высказывания.

Система упражнений по письменной практике предусматривает самостоятельную отработку норм современного английского языка, подготовку студентов к написанию изложений и сочинений.

Большое количество упражнений и текстов создает возможность для дифференциации и индивидуализации обучения, а также для организации самостоятельной работы студентов.

3-ий раздел указаний содержит ряд упражнений и заданий коммуникативной направленности, предусматривающих групповую работу, основной целью которой является контроль знаний усвоенных студентами при изучении данной темы в ходе групповой дискуссии. В этом разделе также предложен список разговорных тем, рекомендованных для вынесения на экзамен по практике английского языка.

Вприложении предлагается ряд текстов о древнерусских традициях и обычаях, связанных

спомолвкой и заключением брака, а также текст об индийской семье и информация познавательного характера об особенностях семейной жизни в разных странах мира. К каждому тексту предлагаются упражнения на усвоение лексического материала и другие задания. Данные тексты могут быть использованы как во время аудиторных занятий по практике устной речи английского языка, так и в качестве заданий для самостоятельной работы студентов. В приложении также предлагается ряд дополнительных упражнений направленных на совершенствование навыков чтения и развитие умения выделить основную идею текста и передать его краткое содержание. Данные упражнения (“Problem Page”), затрагивающие проблемы воспитания детей и конфликтные ситуации, возникающие в семье, могут также быть использованы в качестве стимула к групповой дискуссии.

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						VOCABULARY
	Study the following words and word combinations.
	1.	engagement, betrothal			• old folks at home
		•	to be engaged		•	father, dad
		•	to be betrothed		•	mother, mum
		• to be plighted lovers			26. children
	2.	wedding			•	son, daughter
	3.	bride, fiancée			•	senior son (daughter)
	4.	bridegroom, fiancé			•	junior son
	5.	matrimony			•	eldest daughter
	6.	marriage			•	youngest daughter
		•	to get married
					27. full brother (sister)
		•	to marry smb.		28. siblings
			¾	for love	•	brother
			¾	for money	•	sister
		• to be married to smb.
					29. ancestors
		• to be married in a			30. grandparents
			religious rite		•	grandfather (grand-papa,
		• to be married in a civil				grandpa, grand-dad)
			form of marriage (civil		•	grandmother (grand-
			marriage)			mamma, grandma,
	7.	registry office				granny)
	8.	a newly-married couple			31. great-grandparents
	9.	a love match			•	great grandfather
	10. a misalliance
					•	great grandmother
	11. a marriage of convenience
					32. descendants
	12. marriage certificate (marriage 33. grandchildren
		lines)			•	grandson
	13. to carry marriage seriously
					•	granddaughter
		(lightly)
					34. great grandchildren
	14. wedding ring
					•	great grandson
	15. engagement ring
					•	great granddaughter
	16. honeymoon
					35. relatives
	17. conjugal ties
					•	distant relatives
	18. conjugal union
					• close relatives on my
	19. matron of honour/bridesmaid
	20. best man					mother’s/father’s side
	21. pageboy				36. to have relations to smb.
	22. a couple				37. to be related to smb.
	23. spouse				•	by birth
		•	husband		•	by affinity
		•	wife		38. first cousin
	24. family				39. second cousin, etc.
		•	a nuclear family		40. uncle
					41. aunt, auntie
		• a single-parent family
					42. niece
		•	a blended family
					43. nephew
		• an empty-nest family
					44. to remarry
		•	an extended family
					45. step-father (mother)
		•	a consensual union
					46. step-children (step-

	• a same-sex union	son/daughter)
	25. parents

47.step-brother (sister)

48.half-brother (sister)

49.adoption

•to adopt an orphan

50.paternity of the child is unknown

51.foster-brother/sister

52.foster child

53.foster-father (mother)

54.father (mother)-in-law

55.twins (twinbrothers/sisters)

56.triplets

57.in-laws

•son (daughter)-in-law

•sister (brother)-in-law

•father-in-law

•mother-in-law

58.godchild

•godson/goddaughter

59.godparents

•godfather/mother

60.a widow (grass widow)

61.spinster

62.an expectant mother

63.widower

64.bachelor

65.she has five children each smaller than the last

66.rising generation

67.he is a pet-model

68.toddlers (tiny tots)

69.polygamy

•polygyny

•polyandry

70.fictive kin

71.to raise (to bear) children

72.to divorce, to get a divorce

•a divorcée

73.trial separation

74.incompatibility

75.adultery

76.alimony

77.maintenance

78.divorce court

79.to dissolve/annul marriage

80.to award a decree nisi

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Read and translate the introductory text.

A Family

Marriage is a thing which only a rare person in his or her life avoids. True bachelors and spinsters make up only a small percent of the population; most single people are “alone but not lonely”. Millions of others get married because of the fun of family life. And it is fun, if one takes a sense of humour. There is a lot of fun in falling in love with someone and chasing the prospective fiancée, which means dating and going out with the candidate. All the relatives (parents, grandparents and great-grand-parents, brothers and sisters, cousins, aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews, stepmothers and stepfathers and all in-laws) meanwhile have the fun of criticizing your choice and giving advice. The trick here is not to listen to them but propose to your bride-to-be and somehow get her to accept your proposal. Then you may arrange the engagement and fix the day of the wedding.

What fun it is to get all those things, whose names start with the word “wedding” – dress, ring, cars, flowers, cakes, etc.! It’s great fun to pay for them. It’s fun for the bride and the groom to escape from the guests and go on a honeymoon trip, especially if it is a wedding present from the parents. The guests remain with the fun of gossiping whether you married for love or for money.

It’s fun to return back home with the idea that the person you are married to is somewhat different from the one you knew. But there is no time to think about it because you are newly-weds and you expect a baby. There is no better fun for a husband than taking his wife to a maternity home alone and bringing her back with the twins or triplets. And this is where the greatest fun starts: washing the new-born’s nappies and passing away sleepless nights, earning money to keep the family, taking children to kindergarten and later to school. By all means it’s fun to attend parent’s meeting and to learn that your children take after you and don’t do well at school.

The bigger your children grow, the more they resemble you outwardly and the less they display likeness with you inwardly. And you start grumbling at them and discussing with your old friends the problem of the “generation gap”. What fun!

And when at last you and your grey-haired spouse start thinking that your family life has calmed down, you haven’t divorced but preserved your union, the climax of your fun bursts out! One of your dearest off-springs brings a long-legged blonde to your house and says that he wants to marry. And you think: ‘Why do people ever get married?’

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Exercise 1.	Engagement and Marriage. Challenges and Opportunities.
	BRAIN TEASER

Try this little brain-teaser. Note the names we give to the various members of our family. Each of the fourteen people below is married to one of the others. From the information you are given, find out who is married to whom. Note there are three generations here.

Alan is Caroline’s nephew and Larry’s cousin. Barbara is Larry’s mother and Maggie’s sister- in-law.

Caroline is Edward’s daughter and Maggie’s sister-in-law.

David is Gordon’s brother-in-law and Alan’s uncle.

Edward is Ingrid’s grandfather and Maggie’s father-in-law.

Fanny is Caroline’s mother and Alan’s grandmother.

Gordon is Helen’s son-in-law and Nigel’s brother-in-law.

Helen is Barbara’s mother-in-law and Larry’s grandmother.

Ingrid is Gordon’s niece and David’s daughter- in-law.

John is David’s father and Gordon’s father-in- law.

Karen is Gordon’s daughter-in-law and Maggie’s daughter-in-law.

Larry is John’s grandson and David’s son. Maggie is Larry’s aunt and Fanny’s daughter- in-law.

Nigel is Ingrid’s father and Fanny’s son-in-law

Exercise 2. Fill in suitable words:

1. Your aunt’s son is your … . 2. Your father’s father is your … . 3. My sister’s son is my … . 4.

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His sister’s daughter is his … . 5. My mother’s brother is my … . 6. Your mother’s sister is your … . 7. Your father’s brother is your … . 8. Your uncle’s daughter is your … . 9. Your brother’s wife is your … . 10. Your sister’s husband is your … . 11. Your husband’s mother is your … . 12. Your mother’s mother is your … .

Exercise 3. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete the sentence below.

1.	Mrs Jones had … .
	a. trio	b. a treble	c. triplets
2.	Mrs Vine had had … the week before.
	a. quarts	b. quads	c. a quartet
3.	Twins often seem to … a generation.
	a. hop	b. skip	c. jump
4.	There was a case of … twins in our town recently.
	a. Japanese	b. Chinese	c. Siamese
5.	There’s a … of twins in our family – on my father’s … .
	a. story	b. geography	c. history
	d. tree	e. side	f. line
6.	I was … child, though.
	a. an only	b. a missing	c. a single
7.	All the members of our football team are related … marriage.
	a. by	b. to	c. on
8.	When Mother remarried, her second husband, my …, gave me a new bicycle.
	a. forefather	b. stepfather	c. grandfather
9.	He said to me, ‘Look, I know you’re not my own …, but let’s be friends.’
	a. flesh and blood	b. blood and guts	c. skin and bones
10.	My … originated from a tribe of Red Indians.
	a. ancestors	b. ancients	c. antiques
11.	Not many of my own … relatives are still alive.
	a. blood	b. skin	c. heart
12.	My … -grandfather fought at the Battle of Waterloo.
	a. grand grand grand	b. great grand grand	c. great-great-great
13.	My brother-in-law inherited £500,000 in his uncle’s … .
	a. will	b. testament	c. wishes
14.	I was left £50 and a cat by … relative; I believe it was a … cousin – or perhaps it was a … aunt.
	a. a distant	b. an unclear	c. a long-distance
	d. double	e. second	f. dual
	g. grand	h. great	i. large
15.	Peter is an orphan; he was … at the age of two.
	a. adjusted	b. adapted	c. adopted
16.	Paul comes from a broken home; he has lived with a number of … parents.
	a. loan	b. foster	c. second-hand
17.	Mary was from a single-parent family; now she’s looked after by her … .
	a. keeper	b. warden	c. guardian
18.	I’m off to have Sunday lunch with my new … now.
	a. outlaws	b. by-laws	c. in-laws

Exercise 4. Read and translate the following text. Answer the questions after the text.

Family is the basic unit of social organization in all human societies. Since prehistoric times, families have served as the primary institution responsible for raising children, providing people with food and shelter, and satisfying people’s need for love and support. The term family generally refers to a group of people related to one another by birth, marriage, or adoption. In contemporary society, people often apply the word family to any group that feels a sense of kinship (family connection).

Family types vary in different countries and among different cultures. In Western, industrialized

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societies, the nuclear family ranks as the most common family type. It consists of a father, a mother, and their children. But nuclear families exist alongside many other types of family units. In the singleparent family, for example, a mother or a father heads the family alone. A blended family is formed when a divorced or widowed parent remarries. As divorce rates have risen, the number of singleparent and blended families has increased.

An increasingly common family form in Western societies is the consensual union, in which couples live together but remain unmarried. When a homosexual couple decides to live together as a family, they form a same-sex union. Although such unions have become more common, most countries do not recognize them as legal families. People often call a married couple whose children have grown up and left home an empty-nest family.

In many parts of the world, parents and children live together with other family members under the same roof. These complex families usually contain several generations of family members, including grandparents, parents, and children. They may also include brothers or sisters and their families, uncles, aunts, and cousins. Even when relatives do not live together, they still consider themselves members of the same extended family. In Latin American and Hispanic American cultures, the extended family, or la familia, includes grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins.

Some cultures follow a traditional practice called polygamy, in which a person can have more than one spouse (husband or wife). The two chief forms of polygamy are polygyny and polyandry. In polygyny, a man marries more than one woman. In polyandry, a woman has more than one husband.

Family members can be related to one another by blood – that is, by birth; by affinity – that is, through marriage; or through adoption. Most nuclear families consist of a father, a mother, and their biological children (children born to them). When a couple adopts a child, the child becomes a member of their family. Brothers and sisters who share the same parents are siblings. Half brothers and half sisters share either the same biological mother or biological father. When divorced or widowed parents remarry, the parent’s new spouse becomes the children’s stepfather or stepmother. Children from the couple’s previous marriages become stepbrothers and stepsisters to one another.

When people marry, they gain a new set of relatives called in-laws. The mother of a person’s spouse is called a mother-in-law, the brother is called a brother-in-law, and so on throughout the rest of the family.

The parents of a person’s mother or father are that person’s grandparents. Great-grandparents are the parents of a person’s grandparents. An aunt is the sister of a person’s mother or father. An uncle is the brother of a parent. An uncle’s wife is also called aunt, and an aunt’s husband is also called uncle. A first cousin is the child of a person’s aunt or uncle. The child of a first cousin is a person’s first cousin once removed – that is, removed by one generation. Children of first cousins are second cousins to each other.

Some people consider certain friends as part of their family because they feel special affection for them. Though these friends are not true family members, such friends are called fictive kin, and family members might call them “aunts” or “uncles”. Relatives or close friends of a parent may become godparents to that parent’s children. Godparents, as sponsors to a Christian baptism, often play more vital roles in the lives of families than other fictive kin. In Latin American and Hispanic American families, godparents, or compadres, provide advice, emotional support, and assistance in times of need.

Families perform many necessary functions, both for individual family members and for society as a whole. In virtually all cultures, the family serves as the basic institution for bearing children, caring for them during their early years, and preparing them to function effectively in society. Families around the world must also provide food and clothing to their members. In addition, families meet important psychological needs, such as the need for love, support, and companionship.

The family’s duties have changed over time. In the past, families not only cared for the young but also grew their own food, made their own clothing, and provided services for themselves that modern families generally do not provide. Parents taught reading, writing, and craft skills to their children. Families also cared for sick and elderly relatives and often provided financial support for