Vocabulary:

order - приказ, распоряжение;

to make a suggestion - подать идею

to judge - составлять мнение, оценивать

persuasive - убедительный

TEXT 1: MANAGEMENT PROCESS

The work of management is important to the success of all types of companies. Because of this, managers hold highly visible positions in their organizations. Chief executive officers (CEOs) of multinational corporations, convenience store managers, product group managers in large firms, construction supervisors, corporate vice presidents, and the president of the United States are all managers.

Managing involves continual planning and problem solving, organizing, leading, controlling, and achieving objectives through the work of other people.

Management is a complex process. Through management, managers coordinate the work of people with other resources. More formally, management is defined as the process of effectively and efficiently using an organization’s resources to achieve objectives through the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Successful management requires an understanding of how a firm operates. Managers must comprehend the individual components of a firm’s activities in order to complete their tasks properly. For example, a manager must understand how the company’s products – goods or services – are produced, financed, and distributed. The management process is shown in Figure 1.

Effectiveness and efficiency are especially crucial aspects of management. Effectiveness means that the right things are done to provide a product of value. Efficiency indicates that resources are used wisely and are not wasted. The successful company is one that is both effective and efficient.

The effective manager makes certain that employees work on jobs for which they are well trained and competent. The efficient manager constantly monitors how resources are used in order to minimize waste. The resources available to a manager are human, financial, physical, and informational. Managerial success is determined principally by the degree to which managers coordinate these resources and then use them wisely to offer customers products they want.

Notes: effective – producing good results; successful

efficient - able to work well, quickly and without waste

Figure 1. – The Management Process.

Managers