Komp_tehnologii_lektsii
.pdf,
.
Internet
. Internet
.
. ,
Internet (Internet Architecture Board — IAB)
.
Internet
. Internet
Internet, .
Internet ,
Internet (Internet Service Provider).
( ) Internet,
Internet Internet.
.
.
Internet
. ,
.
Internet . —
Web- ,
Web-
.
(Online Services). , Internet,
30
.
CompuServe America Online.
Internet.
Internet.
∙Internet.
,
,
.
∙,
Internet,
.
, Internet
,
.
∙Internet
( ,
,
,
).
Internet
.
∙,
Internet;
Internet. , ,
.
, .
31
,
(dial-up access)
; , ,
ISDN- ,
, , , .
ISDN
, ISDN- .
ISDN-
ISDN- .
Web- ,
,
(leased line).
Internet.
.
,
. 56 45 .
1,5-2 .
, frame relay
.
. Frame relay —
,
. frame relay
1,5 .
frame relay,
,
32
(Permanent Virtual Circuit — PVC),
. ,
, PVC , , PVC
.
frame relay ,
. ,
.
( , ),
frame relay
.
3.2.IP-
,
.
Internet Internet ,
IP. IP-
) 1 254, .
IP- : 10.18.49.102. IP-
0 255,
. 255
IP. 0
. ,
102 10.18.49.102. 10.18.49.0
, 0.0.0.102 . IP-
, , . Internet
, .
∙: .
( ) . —
.
33
∙: .
( ) . ( )
— .
∙: .
. —
.
IP-
Internet. ,
IP- .
, Novell Internet Ware Microsoft Windows NT, ,
IP- .
, IP-
, Internet.
1993 Internet (Internet Network Information Center — InterNIC),
(Domain Name System — DNS).
IP- . ,
comsys.mgu.ru, IP 10.18.49.102.
, hostname.
(DNS),
, ,
IP- . IP-
, .
IP- ,
— msys.
, ,
Internet.
34
.
, .
,
, , .
, fatex.interline.ivanovo.ru .ru
, . ,
,
, , . ,
.u – , .fr — , a .nl — .
,
:
ücom ( )
ügov ( )
ümil ( )
üedu ( )
üorg ( )
ünet ( , )
üint ( )
, ,
, IP- .
,
.interline — , fatex —
“ ”.
.
IP- .
Internet- , .
IP- .
, , ,
Internet- .
35
,
. ,
(root name server),
, IP- ,
, .corn.
(
, ) InterNIC. IP-
, , .
. IP- -
.
,
.
, .
, www ,
World Wide Web ( Web),
Internet- .
World Wide Web,
,
(Hyper Text Markup Language — HTML),
, HTML. Web-
(HTTP),
, HTML .
,
WebWeb-
. Internet Web- .
, (File Transfer Protocol
— FTP).
36
. ,
FTP- ,
,
FTP- .
, — ftp://vector.isuct.ru/
Internet —
(browse).
Web- ,
,
.
Internet.
Internet Explorer
Microsoft, Netscape Navigator, Netscape Communications Opera.
Internet ( )
Internet, HTTP, FTP,
, ,
, Telnet Gopher.
Navigator ,
Java,
( ), . Opera
,
. Internet Explorer Microsoft Windows,
.
.
37
) Internet Explorer,
(MyIE2, NetCaptor).
,
IP- ,
.
, Internet
Yandex,
http://www.yandex.ru. ,
(HTTP).
(Universal Resource Locator — URL). IP-
,
,
.
, ,
.
HTML , ,
Web- . Web-
, , , ,
Web-
.
. ,
, .
:
üKOI8 – 8- ;
üIBM PC Code Page 866 (" ") – , MSDOS;
üISO-8859-5 – ,
;
38
ü Microsoft Code Page 1251 ("Windows") – , Microsoft Windows.
11
. Internet Explorer 4 ,
( ). Internet Explorer 3
. Netscape Navigator – .
HTML
IE.
4.Internet
Internet:
üe-mail
üWorld Wide Web
ütelnet
üftp
üArchie
ügopher
üWAIS
üICQ, IRC
4.1.World Wide Web
WWW (World Wide Web — )
— , , — .
,
,
( , , , ),
. WWW ,
Internet
. , ,
,
Internet) Internet,
39