Chapter 9 (pages 55-59)

1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:

pointing trowel – заостренная кельма

spirit level – ватерпас (уровень)

mixing board – боек для приготовления строительной смеси

to align – выравнивать, выстраивать в линию

row – ряд

vulnerable – уязвимый, подверженный чему-либо

jamb – косяк, боковой откос

point load – сосредоточенная нагрузка

ratio – пропорция, коэффициент

slenderness ratio – коэффициент гибкости

to buckle – изгибаться, выгибаться

plank – доска, планка

2. Fill the gaps with the necessary words, there is one extra word, translate the sentences into Russian:

piers, barrier, size, reinforcement, bonding, concrete slab, walls, choice, interior, floors, beam

a A damp-proof course is a waterproof … that prevents the dampness from rising into the … of the building.

b Different types of … can be used in pier construction, the … depends on the size of the pier.

c Openings in the … are sometimes strengthened by … to support the loads from the lintels and arches.

d In case column is used, its … must be tied into the reinforcement of the … or slab.

e A layer of moisture-proof material laid under a … that prevents rising damp in … is called a damp-proof membrane.

3. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:

a into / damage / ground / soaks / The water / penetrate / the / it / and / into / may / that / construction / the

b wall / drawings / of / in / shown / openings / working / be / on / the / must / The location / brick / main / the

c must / constructed / The slenderness / considered / piers / be / free-standing / ratio / are / always / when

d the / skills / brick / most / site / sound / One / constructing / building / needed / a / wall / the / is / important / of / on /

e forces / a / resistant / wind / pier / to / by / A wall / such / pressure / different / is / stiffened / as / more

4. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:

a Reinforced columns are always put in small buildings.

b Rain water can splash the wall in heavy rain and bypass the dpc, and the height of the wall prevents it.

c A plumb-line should be always used to check that the column is vertical.

d The dpc and dpm mustn’t overlap each other as it can make the construction unstable.

e The only method to carry the brickwork across the opening at the head is always used, it’s called lintels.

5. Answer the following questions:

a Describe the usage peculiarities of dpc and dpm.

b What are the steps of making a brick wall?

c What is a slenderness ratio?

d Describe the process of column construction.

6. Give a summary of the fragment.

Chapter 9 (pages 59-62)

1. Remember the following words and expressions, make 10 sentences with them:

galvanized steel – оцинкованная сталь

steel angle – стальной уголок

in situ – на месте, в правильном положении

spacer – распорка

wire – сварка, сваривать

trapped air – воздушный пузырь, запертый воздух

turning piece – кружало

wet sacking – влажная мешковина

snugly – красиво, удобно

wall plate – нижняя подстропильная вязка (балка)

2. Fill the gaps with the necessary words, there is one extra word, translate the sentences into Russian:

position, concrete, determined, brickwork, increased, formwork, reinforced concrete, stability, lintel , spans, precasting

a The height of the …, corresponding to the height of full brick courses, is … by the span.

b The main advantage of … is that the lintel can be placed in position as soon as the … is ready.

c Sometimes lintels are made by pouring the … into the … across the opening.

d Most lintels are made of … as timber being good for short … is not durable enough.

e The … at the top of the wall where the roof is tired down to the brickwork is … by a tie beam.

3. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, translate them into Russian:

a is / the / clearly / it / right / must / make / The top / be / put / very / sure / lintel / to / of / that / marked

b supported / called / which / a / above / lintel / is / The load / by / opening / the / beam / is / a

c galvanized / is / a / brickwork / by / which / angle / A decorative / steel / provided / needs / support

d that / of / slows / a / bricklaying / The disadvantage / in situ / it / lintel / down / casting / the / is

e and / building / made / span / Archers / openings / materials / of / the structure / to / can / above / them / different / be / support

4. Mark these sentences as true (T) or false (F), explain your choice, translate them into Russian:

a The ends of the reinforcement bars may have L-shaped hooks to spread the load correctly.

b When lintels are cast the formwork should be removed only after the concrete hardens.

c The downward pressure forces the units of the ach together and increases their resistance.

d In the process of making a precast lintel concrete spacers keep the steelwork clear from the brickwork.

e Archers must be formed in situ.

5. Answer the following questions:

a What additional measurements should the design of the lintel use?

b Describe the process of making a precast lintel.

c Describe the process of making a in situ concrete lintel.

d What is the difference between the segmental and semicircular archers?

e What are the advantages of segmental and semicircular archers?

6. Give a summary of the fragment.