- •Вопрос 24 The oe vowel
- •Development of monophthongs
- •Development of diphthongs
- •Вопрос 25 The oe consonant
- •3. On a lenght all consonants shared:
- •Вопрос 10 The reform of oe orthography in me
- •Вопрос 7 me dialects. Earliest records.
- •Earliest records
- •Вопрос 14 oe syntax
- •Вопрос 26 Noun in oe
- •Вопрос 27 Adjectives in oe
- •Вопрос 29 oe Pronouns
- •Вопрос 28 oe verb
- •Вопрос 30 oe Strong verbs
- •Вопрос 31 oe Weak verbs
- •Вопрос 32 oe anomalous verbs
- •Вопрос 33 Changes of vowel in me
- •Вопрос 43 The great vowel Shift
- •I:-------u:, ė:-----ò:, ę:---ǒ:, a:.
- •Вопрос 42 The evolution of analytical forms.
- •Вопрос 44 The evolution of syntax.
- •Вопрос 45 The evolution of Gerund
- •Вопрос 47 и 48 The evol. Of Participle&Infinitive
- •Вопрос 38 The evolution of Strong verbs
- •Вопрос 40 The evolution of weak verb.
- •Вопрос 41 The evolution of anomalous verbs
- •Вопрос 46 The evolution of word-formation.
- •Вопрос 36 The evolution of nouns. The rise of the articles
- •Вопрос 5 Old e. Dialects. Oe written record.
- •Вопрос 8 London dialect.
- •Вопрос 11 oe word-stock.
- •Вопрос 9 The making of the national lang.
- •Вопрос 12 Written in oe
- •Вопрос 13 morphological classification of the verb in oe
- •Вопрос 15, 11 Foreign elements in the oe vocabulary
- •Вопрос 18 Introduction of printing.
- •Вопрос 19 Regional varieties of e Two varieties of English in Great Britain distinguished from Standard
- •Вопрос 20 Geographical Expansion of the English
- •Вопрос 21 Written Records in Late Middle English.
- •Вопрос 23 Historical Foundations of Modern English Spelling
Вопрос 20 Geographical Expansion of the English
England's colonial expansion to the New World began in the late 16th c. when her first colonies were set up in Newfoundland (1583). later colonists came from other regions, including Scotland and Ireland. Immigrants to the Southern areas were of a higher class origin. Many immigrants from Great Britain
settled in the West Indies, which,became a part of the British Empire in the 17th c.
'The colonists spoke different dialects of English. In North America those dialects gradually blended into a new type of the language, American English; contacts with other languages, especially Spanish in the South and French in Canada, have played a certain role in its development.
The expansion of English to Asia is mainly connected with the occupation of India. India was one of the main issues in the colonial
struggle of European powers in the 18th c. In the first half of the 19th c. India became a British colony and Britain acquired other possessions in Asia, turning them into colonies, dominions or protectorates. Thus the English language extended to many areas in Asia, as the language of the state and writing.
Australia was a place of deportation of British convicts since the late 18th c. A flow of immigrants were attracted to Australia, at
first by the free grants of land, later — by the discovery of gold.
British penetration into Africa was a lengthy affair that extended over the 19th c. In consequence of financial dependence on British capital, Sudan and Egypt fell under British political control.
Вопрос 21 Written Records in Late Middle English.
The flourishing of literature, which marks the second half of the 14th c. This period of literary florescence is known as the "age of Chaucer", the greatest name in English literature before Shakespeare. Его произведения «Canterbury Tales», «A Legend of Good Women». Of greatest linguistic consequence was the activity of John Wyclif
(1324—1384), the forerunner of the English Reformation. His most important contribution to English prose was his translation of the BIBLE completed in 1384. Лондонский диалект начала XIV в. представлен стихотворениями Адама Дэви; вторая половина произведениями Джеффри Чосера, Джона Гауэра и Джона Уиклифа. The literary texts of the late 14th c. preserved in numerous manuscripts, belong to a variety of genres^Translation continued, but originnal compositions were produced in abundance; poetry was more prolific than prose.
'John Gower, Chaucer's friend and an outstanding poet of the time,was born in Kent, but there are not many Kentisms in his London dialect. His first poems were written in Anglo-Norman and in Latin. His longest poem VOX CLAMANTIS ("The Voice of the Crying in the Wilderness"). We should mention one more poet whose name is unknown. Four feoems found in a single manuscript of the 14th c. — PEARL, PATIENCE.CLEANNESS and SIR GAWAINE AND THE GREEN KNIGHT it- have been attributed to the same author.
The poems are a blending of elaborate alliteration, in line with the OE tradition,and new rhymed |verse, with a variety of difficult rhyme schemes.