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MODULE 11

Passive Voice

Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в форме страдательного залога (Passive Voice).

В английском языке страдательный залог употребляется чаще, чем в русском, потому что в английском языке, в отличие от русского, многие непереходные глаголы, требующие предложного дополнения, употребляются и в страдательном залоге.

В целом, страдательный залог используется в тех случаях когда нам либо неизвестно лицо, совершившее действие, либо когда считают ненужным его упомянуть.

Образование:

Be (изменяемая часть) + Participle II (смыслового глагола, неизменяемая часть)

	Active	Passive
Present Simple	Once a week, Tom cleans the house.	Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom.
Past Simple	Sam repaired the car.	The car was repaired by Sam.
Future Simple will	Someone will finish the work by 5:00 PM.	The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
Present Continuous	Right now, Sarah is writing the letter.	Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah.
Past Continuous	The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.	The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Future Continuous will	At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.	Этого времени нет в страдательном залоге.вместо него упортебляется Future Continuous Active либо Future Simple Active * At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be washed by John.
Present Perfect	Many tourists have visited that castle.	That castle has been visited by many tourists.
Past Perfect	George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.	Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.
Future Perfect will	They will have completed the project before the deadline.	The project will have been completed before the deadline.
Present Perfect Continuous	Recently, John has been doing the work.	Этого времени нет в страдательном залоге.вместо него упортебляется Future Continuous Active либо Future * Recently, the work has been done by John.
Past Perfect Continuous	Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris.	Этого времени нет в страдательном залоге.вместо него упортебляется Past Perfect Continuous Active либо Past Perfect Passive* The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris.
Future Perfect Continuous will	The famous artist will have been painting the mural for over six months by the time it is finished.	Этого времени нет в страдательном залоге.вместо него упортебляется Future Perfect Continuous Active либо Future Perfect Passive * The mural will have been painted by the famous artist for over six months by the time it is finished.

* Необходимо отметить, что те времена глагола, которые отсутствуют в страдательном залоге могут быть употреблены в агналогичном времени в активном залоге. При этом, если деятель неизвестен, то обычно используется местоимение they.

E.g. The book will be discussed tomorrow from 5 till 7. (нет Future Continuous Passive – используем Future Simple) или –

They will be discussing the book tomorrow from 5 till 7. (Future Continuous Active)

11.1

Напишите предложения в Страдательном залоге в Простом Настоящем времени. Write passive sentences in Present Simple.

1. the documents / print _____________________________________

2. the window / open _______________________________________

3. the shoes / buy __________________________________________

4. the car / wash ___________________________________________

5. the litter / throw away ____________________________________

6. the letter / send __________________________________________

7. the book / read / not ______________________________________

8. the songs / sing / not ______________________________________

9. the food / eat / not ________________________________________

10. the shop / close / not ______________________________________

11.2 Перепишите предложения, используя Страдательный залог. Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.

1. He opens the door. – The door is opened.

2. We set the table. -

3. She pays a lot of money. -

4. I draw a picture. -

5. They wear blue shoes. -

6. They don't help you. -

7. He doesn't open the book. -

8. You do not write the letter. -

9. Does your mum pick you up? -

10. Do the police catch the thief? -

11.3 Закончите предложения, используя Простое настоящее или Прошедшее время в Aктивном или Cтрадательном залоге. Complete the sentences (Present Simple or Past Simple). Use Active or Passive Voice.

Portal Dolmen

1. Portal dolmens (be) _______________________ancient tombs.

2. They (build) __________________________about 6000 years ago.

3. In order to build such a tomb, ancient people (put) ________________up big stones.

4. These standing stones then (form) _________________________the walls.

5. Another huge stone, the cap stone, (place) _______________________on top of the other stones.

6. Finally, the tomb (have) _________________________the form of a little chamber.

7. In that chamber, the dead person (bury)____________________________.

8. Then the entrance to the tomb (close) ____________________with another stone.

9. Nowadays, portal dolmens (see / can) _______________________in Ireland, Wales and Scotland.

10. They (call) _______________________portal dolmens because they (look) ________________________________like a huge doorway (or portal).

11.4 Напишите предложения, используя Простое Прошедшее время в Cтрадательном залоге.Write passive sentences in Past Simple Passive.

1. the test / write _________________________________________

2. the table / set __________________________________________

3. the cat / feed __________________________________________

4. the lights / switch on ____________________________________

5. the house / build _______________________________________

6. dinner / serve __________________________________________

7. this computer / sell / not __________________________________

8. the car / stop / not _______________________________________

9. the tables / clean / not ____________________________________

10. the children / pick up / not ________________________________

11.5 Перепишите предложения, используя Cтрадательный залог. Rewrite the sentences in Passive voice.

1. She sang a song. – A song was sung.

2. Somebody hit me. -

3. We stopped the bus. -

4. A thief stole my car. -

5. They didn't let him go. -

6. She didn't win the prize. -

7. They didn't make their beds. -

8. I did not tell them. -

9. Did you tell them? -

10. Did he send the letter? –

11.6 Закончите предложения в Aктивном или Cтрадательном залоге в Простом Прошедшем времени. Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Past Simple.

1. They (visit) ________________their granny.

2. We (visit) ______________________by our teacher.

3. My friend Paul (bear) _____________________in Dallas.

4. She (go) ____________________to school in Boston.

5. Antony (grow up) _______________________-in the country.

6. The new shopping centre (build) _______________________last year.

7. The film (produce / not) _______________________in Hollywood.

8. Barbara (know) __________________________James very well.

9. The jewels (hide / not) ______________________in the cellar.

10. We (spend / not) _______________________all day on the beach.

11.7

Соедините части предложения из колонок A и B, постройте правильные предложения, используя Простое Прошедшее время. Затем парах задайте вопросы и дайте на них ответы, как это показано на примере.

Match column A with column B. Make correct sentences using Past Simple Passive. Then, in pairs ask and answer questions, as in the example.

E.g.

Student A: Who was this book written by?

Student B: This book was written by X.

Column A	Column B
‘Oliver Twist’ (write) The ‘Mona Lisa (paint) The Eiffel Tower (build) ‘Jurassic Park’ (direct) ‘Carmen’ (compose) Alexandria (found) America (discover) The telephone (invent)	1.Leonardo da Vinci 2.Steven Spielberg 3.Alexander the Great 4.Charles Dickens 5.Georges Bizet 6.Gustave Eiffel 7.Christopher Columbus 8.Alexander Graham Bell

11.8

Используйте глаголы в скобках в Страдательном залоге – Простом Прошедшем времени.

Put the verb in parentheses () into the Passive Voice. Use Past Simple Passive only. E.g. Ice cream ____ (eat) in China centuries ago.

Ice cream was eaten in China centuries ago.

Top of Form

ICE CREAM

1.	The people at the World's Fair  (delight) by this delicious combination.
2.	Then, the ice cream  (place) inside the cone.
3.	First, the waffles  (twist) into a cone shape.
4.	The waffles  (use) as serving dishes for the ice cream.
	This exercise is brought to you
5.	The ice cream vendor talked with the waffle-maker and an agreement (make).
6.	This frozen dessert  (think) to have been developed by the Chinese but recent research shows that it was first made in India.
7.	Not enough dishes  (bring) by the ice cream vendor.
8.	Ice cream  (sell) at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis.
9.	The ice cream cone  (create) many years later, in 1904.
10.	The first public ice cream shop  (open) in 1832 by a former White House cook.
11.	Ice cream  (serve) by the President's wife in the White House in the early 1800s.
12.	Recipes for ice cream  (bring) to America by European immigrants.
13.	By the seventeenth century, cream  (use) in the recipes for a richer dessert.
14.	This recipe  (introduce) to Europe by the famous explorer Marco Polo.
15.	In addition to fruit and ice, milk  (use) in this second recipe.
16.	By the 1200s, a second type of ice cream  (discover) in China.
17.	A recipe for this type of frozen treat  (bring) to ancient Rome.
18.	Fruit and ice  (combine) to make a refreshing treat.
19.	This frozen dessert  (call) FROGURT.
20.	A type of ice cream  (invent) by the Chinese many centuries ago.

Bottom of Form

11.9

Напишите предложения в Cтрадательном залоге, используя Настоящее Завершенное время. Write passive sentences in Present Perfect.

1. the postcard / send _____________________________________

2. the pencils / count ______________________________________

3. the door / close ________________________________________

4. the beds / make ________________________________________

5. the mail / write ________________________________________

6. the trees / plant ________________________________________

7. the money / spend ______________________________________

8. the room / book / not ____________________________________

9. the rent / pay / not ______________________________________

10. the people / inform / not _________________________________

11.10

Перепишите предложения в Cтрадательном залоге, используя Настоящее Завершенное время.

Rewrite the sentences in Passive voice.

1. Kerrie has paid the bill. –

2. I have eaten a hamburger. -

3. We have cycled five miles. -

4. I have opened the present. -

5. They have not read the book. -

6. You have not sent the parcel. -

7. We have not agreed to this issue. -

8. They have not caught the thieves. -

9. Has she phoned him? -

10. Have they noticed us? –

11.11

Завершите предложения в Cтрадательном или активном залоге, используя Настоящее Завершенное время. Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Present Perfect Simple.

1. The car (steal)______________________.

2. I (bake) _____________________a cake.

3. My friends (buy) ________________________a house.

4. The cup (put) __________________________on the table.

5. Trees (plant) _________________________in the street.

6. The boy (fall / not) ______________________off his bike.

7. I (bite / not) ______________________________by a snake.

8. He (step) _________________________________on my toe.

9. We (walk) ______________________all the way home.

10. She (pick up / not) _________________________by a friend.

11.12

Работа в парах. Прочитайте задание и постройте предложения, как это показано в примере, используя Настоящее Завершенное время Cтрадательного залога.

Read the assignment and make up sentences as in the example, using Present Perfect Passive. Work in pairs.

Mrs. Edison is a businesswoman. She was away on a business trip but now she is back. She wants to know what has been done while she was away.

A: Have they painted the ceiling in my cabinet?

B: Yes, the ceiling has already been painted.

1. they/deliver/my new desk? (no)

2. you/post / the invitations? (yes)

3. they /repair/ the photocopier. (yes)

4. you/ type/last month’s reports? (no)

5. you/ place/ advertisement in the newspaper? (yes)

6. you/pay /the bills? (yes)

7. our partners/ sign/ the attachment to the contract? (no)

8. they/make/ corrections/ in the contract? (yes)

11.13

Напишите предложения в Простом Будущем времени Cтрадательного залога. Write passive sentences in Future Simple.

1. the exhibition / visit _____________________________________

2. the windows / clean _____________________________________

3. the message / read _______________________________________

4. the thief / arrest _________________________________________

5. the photo / take _________________________________________

6. these songs / sing ________________________________________

7. the sign / see / not _______________________________________

8. a dictionary / use / not ____________________________________

9. credit cards / accept / not __________________________________

10. the ring / find / not _______________________________________

11.14

Перепишите предложения в Cтрадательном залоге. Rewrite the sentences in Passive voice.

1. Jane will buy a new computer. -

2. Her boyfriend will install it. -

3. Millions of people will visit the museum. -

4. Our boss will sign the contract. -

5. You will not do it. -

6. They will not show the new film. -

7. He won't see Sue. -

8. They will not ask him. -

9. Will the company employ a new worker? -

10. Will the plumber repair the shower? –

11.15

Закончите предложения в Aктивном или Cтрадательном залоге, используя Простое Будущее время. Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Future Simple.

1. The house (build) ________________here.

2. You (send) _________________________home.

3. I (eat) ________________________an ice-cream.

4. We (go) _________________________home now.

5. I (help) _________________________you.

6. The match (win / not) __________________by our team.

7. The weather (improve / not) ______________________tomorrow.

8. The trees (cut) _____________________________down.

9. The meeting (cancel / not)_______________________.

10. They (do / not) ____________________that again.