Glebovsky_Dubovskaya_Anglysky_yazyk_Posobie129

Урок 4.6

Текст А

2010 CADILLAC SRX

Thenew2010SRXleavesthetall-wagonprofileforamoretraditional SUV-like one, and it looks a lot better. Two of the new SRX technologies includeitschoiceofengines,andthelargerdisplacementV6isthestandard powerplant.Itmeasures3.0liters,comparedtothecurrentmodel’s 3.6,and is now direct injected for optimal performance and fuel efficiency, not to mention a 25-percent reduction in hydrocarbon emissions. Output should be about 260-horsepower at 6,950 rpm and 221 lb-ft of torque at 5,600, which makesitanextremelystrongengine.Theluxurycrossover’s all-new turbocharged 2.8-liter V6 boasts 300-horsepower at 5,500 rpm and 295 lb-ft of torque at a very tractable 1,850 rpm, which is very close to the 320-horsepowerand315lb-ftof torqueoffered bytoday’s4.6-literV8.The bestpartofthiscombinationisn’tjusttheperformance,however, butrather the massive fuel efficiency gains with either engine.

The result of direct injection is a 3.0-liter V6 that improves on the SRX V6 by about 5-horsepower while delivering 10-15 % better fuel economy, the latter partly due to the engine’s 600 cc reduction in displacement over the outgoing model’s 3.6-liter mill. The new 3.0-liter also gets variable valve timing to further maximize output and efficiency, althoughtorqueisdownbyabout33lb-ftaccordingtoCadillac’sestimates.

The next part of the fuel efficiency equation includes two six-speed automatictransmissions,GM’sownHydra-Matic6T70forthe3.0-literand anAF40AisinWarner unit for the 2.8 turbo. Taller overdrive gears save on fuel while shorter intervals optimize each engine’s sweet spot to maximize performance. Each transmission gets a manual-mode for better driver interaction when feeling sporty, and when trying to get the most out of a tank of gas they come with a driver-selectable “eco mode” that causes the transmission to shift earlier and therefore keep revs to a minimum.

Unfortunately GM doesn’t have any estimated fuel economy numbers but wecansurmisethata10-15%reductionfromthecurrent3.6-literequipped all-wheel drive SRX’ 16 mpg city and 25 highway rating would equal something about 1819 mpg in the city and 28-30 mpg on the highway, which would be perfect numbers to pull from a midsize luxury SUV to say the least.

Notes:

cc (cubic centimetre) [			] кубический сантиметр
equation [		] n. уравнение
interaction [			] n. взаимодействие (с)
mill [ ] n. (жаргон) двигатель
outgoing [		] adj. уходящий, предшествующий
driver-selectable [			] adj. выбираемый водителем
surmise [	] v. предполагать
sweet spot [		] оптимальный режим работы
tractable [		] adj. умеренный

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What is new about 2010 SRX?

2.Where do massive fuel efficiency gains come from?

3.What does direct injection result in?

4.What adds to the fuel efficiency?

5.What do Hydra-Matic 6T70 andAF40Aisin Warner unit provide?

6.What is the result of these fuel economy measures?

Фонетическое задание

Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.

[]; []; []; []; []; []; []; []

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания.

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eco/eco- (adj./prefix), estimate (n., v.), lb-ft, maximize (v.), stylish (adj.), SUV, windshield.

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

агрегат, бензобак, ветровое стекло, внедорожник, выбор, держать оборотынаминимуме,заставлять,коэффициентполезного действия, мягко говоря, намного лучше, оценивать, подобный чему-либо, получить максимум, следовательно, сокращение выброса углеводорода, стильный, увеличение эффективности использования топлива, фунто-фут, что-то около, экологический, экономить.

Упражнение3.Заполните пропускивтексте,используя словаиз приведённого ниже списка:

each	presses
feedback	some
fixed	to operate
linked	to store
operated	using

Electric seat adjustment

Adjustment of the seat is achieved by (1)… a number of motors to allow positioning (регулировка положения) of different parts of the seat.

Atypicalelectricallycontrolledseatusesfourpositioningmotorsand onesmaller motor(2)…a pump, which controls thelumbar(поясничный) supportbag.Eachmotoris (3)…byasimplerocker-typeswitchthatcontrols tworelays. Ninerelays arerequired forthis,two for(4)…motorand oneto control the main supply.

Whentheseatpositionisset,(5)…vehicleshavesetpositionmemories to allow automatic re-positioning if the seat has been moved.As the seat is moved a variable resistor (реостат), mechanically (6)… to the motor, is also moved. The resistance value provides (7)… to an electronic control unit.Theresistorissuppliedwitha(8)…voltagesuchthattheoutputrelative to the seat position is proportional to position. This voltage is converted producing a simple ‘number’ (9)… in memory. When the driver (10)… a

memoryswitch,themotorrelaysareactivatedbytheECUuntilthenumber in memory and the number fed back from the seat are equal.

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на

Participle II и его функции.

1.GM doesn’t have any estimated fuel economy numbers.

2.When mounted on the inside of the tire tread, this accelerometer can also measure the length of the tire contact patch.

3.Thesixthgearisatalloverdrivedesignedtodeliverbetterfuelmileage.

4.If required, the electric motor can push the seatthrough its fourinches of travel in a tenth of a second.

5.The majority of heat rejected into the cooling water comes from the cylinder head and exhaust port area.

6.Compared with the Lexus System, Ford claims its active park assist operates three times quicker.

7.Combinedwiththemovefromasix-speedautomatictoaneight-speed, the change provides 10% more miles per gallon.

Упражнение 2. Образуйте существительные с помощью словообразовательных суффиксов и переведите их. Учтите, что от некоторых глаголов существительные могут быть образованы с помощью разных суффиксов:

a.от следующих глаголов с помощью суффиксов– ion, -ment, -er/or:

absorb, accelerate, adjust, arrange, bump, compress, connect, contribute, convert,direct,distribute,emit,expand,generate,idle,ignite,improve,inject, limit, locate, lubricate, manage, measure, perform, react, reduce, require, restrict, roll,

b.от следующих прилагательных с помощью суффиксов – ness,

–i)ty:

capable,complex,electric,flexible,fluid,light,major,possible,safe,secure, smooth, soft, stable, stiff, thick, viscose.

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Текст В

2010 CADILLAC ESCALADE

The 2010 Cadillac Escalade is a stylish, powerful vehicle available with rear or all-wheel drive and comes in four different trim levels.

Forthenewmodelyear,the2010Escaladehasmadeseveralupgrades. Fuel-savingtechnologyhasbeenaddedtotheengine,thesideimpactairbags have been redesigned, and a USB port is now available for iPods. A few features are no longer available, including rain sensing windshield wipers.

The 2010 Escalade is equipped with a 6.2-liter, 403 horsepower V8 enginethatproduces417lb-ftoftorque.Asix-speedautomatictransmission with manual-shifting comes standard. The car can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 7.5 seconds. Two-wheel drive version with towing equipment can pull up to 8,300 pounds. Despite being a large vehicle, the Escalade has a comfortable ride, with strong brakes and good handling. It gets 14 mpg during city driving, and 20 mpg highway.

The base models come with electronically directed shock absorbers, heated door mirrors with driver-side auto-dimming, xenon headlights, rear parking sensors, running boards, and a power liftgate. The Luxury version has 22-inch chrome alloy wheels, a more adaptive suspension, a sunroof, and high-beam headlights with automatic dimming.

The Escalade is a safe vehicle, receiving a perfect five star rating for both driver and passenger in frontal crash tests. It was not tested in sideimpact crashes; the Escalade has a three star rollover rating. Car safety features include antilock brakes, stability and traction control, and OnStar telematics. The vehicle comes with front airbags for driver and passenger, sidecurtainairbags inallthreerows,and heightadjustableseatbeltsforthe first three rows. The Escalade can brake from 60 mph to a stop in 114 feet.

Notes:

chrome [] n. хром

running board [] подножка

Задания по тексту

1.Переведите текст.

2.Составьте план текста из 6-8 пунктов.

3.Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке.

Лексическое упражнение

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.

auto-dimming,chromealloywheel,city driving,comfortable (adj.),curtain airbag, different (adj.), equip (v.), frontal crash test, heated door mirror, heightadjustableseatbelt,liftgate(n.),nolonger, produce(v.), rear parking sensor, rollover (n.), star (n.), telematics (n.), tow (v.).

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Урок 4.7

Текст А

2010 Mazda MAZDA 3

Because so much is right with the 2010 Mazda MAZDA3 it’s easier to begin with possibly the only thing that is wrong – the controversial new design.ThepurposeofthemoreaggressivedesignwastomaketheMAZDA 3moreaerodynamic,and some autoreviewspraise theuniquelook. Onthe otherhandthere is strongcriticismof thecar’s frontfascia. Nowlet’s move on to the MAZDA3’s good qualities, which include just about everything else on the vehicle. The new 3 boasts a high-end interior, anarrayof luxury amenities,superbhandling,remarkablepower,andprecisedrivingdynamics.

Although the structure of its chassis is largely the same as with the 2009MAZDA3,the2010MazdaMAZDA3isotherwiseanall-newvehicle. Mazdarevisedthesedan’sexteriorstyling,boostedthepower,andimproved the fuel economy.

The 2010 MAZDA 3 is available in the 3i model (sedan only) with three trims: SV, Sport, and Touring. The sedan also comes in the 3s model (sedanorhatchback),availablewitheithertheSportorGrandTouringtrims.

Although neither engine optiondisappoints, reviewers prefer the 2.5- liter, 167-horsepower MAZDA 3 engine to the 2.0-liter, 148-horsepower option.Thetransmissionofthecaris delightfullyprecise,withafive-speed manual standard on the 3i models and a five-speed automatic optional on all trims but the 3i SV. The more powerful Mazda 3s comes with a sixspeed manual transmission (a five-speed auto is an option) and accelerates from0-60mphin7.9seconds.Thevehiclebrakingandsteeringarecapable and exact, while the fine-tuned suspension gives the 3 the handling of an expensive sports car.

The 2010 MAZDA 3 has comfortable front-row seats. On the other hand, the rear seat is a little tight on legroom, and the sedan’s optional navigation screen is too small. Cargo space is adequate but not exactly

enough in the car, which offers about 11.8 ft2 of space. Standard interior equipmentincludesatilt-and-telescopingsteeringcolumn,powerwindows and mirrors and 60/40 folding rear seats.

Standardsafetyequipmentonthe2010MAZDA3includes advanced dual front airbags, side and side-curtain airbags, brake assist technology, and anti-lock brakes with electronic brake force distribution. Stability and traction control are optional on some MAZDA 3 models.

Notes:

controversial [	] adj. спорный
criticism [	] n. критика
disappoint [	] v. разочаровывать
else [ ] pron. другой, другое
let’s (let us) [	] давайте

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What’s wrong with the 2010 Mazda MAZDA3?

2.What are the good qualities of it?

3.What’s new about the 2010 Mazda MAZDA 3?

4.What trims is it available in?

5.What’s the difference between MAZDA3 and Mazda 3s?

6.What is the interior of the 2010 MAZDA 3 like?

7.What does its standard safety equipment include?

Фонетическое задание

Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.

[	]; [	]; [	]; [	]; [	]; [	];
		[		]; [	]

Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова.

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aggressive (adj.), amenities (n.), cargo (n.), fold (v.), ft, legroom (n.), remarkable(adj.),revise(v.),superb(adj.),telescoping(adj.),touring(adj.), wrong (adj.).

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

агрессивный; багаж; в других отношениях; великолепный; выдвижной; достаточный; замечательный; изменять, пересматривать; интерьерклассалюкс; комплектация;нетот (который нужно),неправильный; ограниченный (о пространстве); передние сидения; почти всё остальное; предметы комфорта и удобства; пространство для ног; разгоняться;распределениетормозногоусилия;складывать, сгибать; точно отрегулированная подвеска; точный, чёткий; туристический; фут; хвалить.

Упражнение 3. Выберите толкование, которое соответствует термину в левой колонке, и переведите его на русский язык. Дайте однокоренные слова к термину, помеченному звёздочкой (*).

A.AXLE	1.	A number of gears - usually more than
		two - used to drive one or more shafts
		from another.
B. BOTTOM DEAD	2.	Beam-type axle containing the crown
CENTRE		wheel (коронная шестерня) and pinion,
		differential gears and half-shafts.
C. ELECTRONIC	3.	Condition when the throttle is shut and
PETROL INJECTION		the wheels are driving the engine.
D.EXHAUST VALVE	4.	Lowest position a piston reaches in its
		cylinder, at the bottom of its stroke.
	5.	Rear light usually switched on auto-
E. GEAR TRAIN		matically when reverse gear is selected,
		to enable a driver to see behind him when
		moving back in the dark.
F. IDLE*	6.	Variable valve, usually of the butterfly
		(дроссель) type, fitted to a carburettor; its

	position, controlled by the accelerator pedal
	governs the amount of petrol/air mixture fed
	to the engine.
7.	System of petrol injection in which the
	amount of fuel delivered is controlled by an
G.LIVE REAR AXLE	electronic device that senses the intake in
	the inlet manifold, engine temperature,
	engine rpm and throttle position.
8.	Transverse beam carrying the wheels and
H.OVERRUN	supporting the body through the road
	springs.
9.	Valve in the cylinder head that opens to
I. REVERSING LIGHT	allow the burnt gases to escape from the
	cylinder during the exhaust stroke.

J. THROTTLE VALVE 10. Running condition of the engine when no pressure is applied to the accelerator.

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1.Прочтите ипереведитеследующие словосочетания с числительными:

11.8 ft2; 7.9 sec.; 22 mpg; 3,500 lb; 8,300 pounds; 600 cc; 1,890 rpm; the 2008 model; 210 hp; 187.6 in; 10.5:1; 3000 psi; 2.7 liter; 0.3 % larger; 1.8- liter engine; 162 lb-ft.

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конверсию.

1.The torque is down byabout33 lb-ft accordingtoCadillac’s estimates.

2.TheEPAestimates afueleconomyof16mpgcityand22mpghighway for the front-wheel drive vehicle.

3.The estimate results of the car efficiency are still to be obtained.

4.Everything under the car has been substantially upgraded.

5.The LX 570 offers a few upgrade options.

6.Forthenewmodelyear,the2010Escaladehasmade severalupgrades.

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Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на cлово it и его функции.

1.The current Mustang’s frame is 31% stiffer and it feels it.

2.It’s a large SUV with a good looking exterior and sound performance.

3.The linkage isn’t as tight as it might be.

4.It is the task of the lubricating system to ensure that metal-to-metal contact doesn’t exist within the engine.

5.Since the injectors supply fuel only after the valves close, none of it escapes through the exhaust valve.

6.It costs a lot to develop your own hybrid powertrain.

Текст В

2010 MAZDA CX-9

It’salargeSUVwithagood lookingexteriorandsoundperformance. The CX-9 seats seven, and is available in three trim levels: the base Sport, an upgraded Touring, and the premium Grand Touring line.

Each CX-9has a3.7-liter, 273 horsepowerV6enginethat has 270lbft of torque. The vehicle comes with a six-speed automatic transmission that has manual shift control. There is a choice between a front-wheel or all-wheeldrivevehicle.Withtherightequipment,theCX-9hasthecapability of towing up to 3,500 lb. The front-wheel CX-9s can accelerate from 0 to 50 mph in 7.4 seconds, while the all-wheel drive vehicles take about 8.5 seconds to reach the same speed from a stop. The brakes are solid. The vehicle has asmall turningradius.The EPAestimates a fueleconomyof 16 mpg city and 22 mpg highway for the front-wheel drive vehicle. The allwheel drive vehicle gets 15 mpg city and 21 mpg highway.

Thevehicle looks more like a car than an SUV, and the design makes it look smaller than it really is. Exterior features vary by trim level. The Sport model comes with 18-inch silver alloy wheels, rear window wipers, halogen headlights,and arear stepbumper.TheTouringversionhasheated mirrors and delay off headlights. The Grand Touring model comes with 20-inchpolishedalloywheels,foglights,xenonheadlights,andrainsensing windshield wipers.

The2010 MazdaCX-9 received perfectscores oncrashtests forboth frontandsidecrashes.Itcomeswithcarsafetyfeatureslikefront-seatheight

adjustable seat belts, antilock brakes, brake assist, andstabilitycontrol that senses rollovers. The CX-9 has driver and front passenger front airbags, side impact airbags, and side curtain airbags for all three rows. Blind spot monitoring is standard on the Grand Touring trim.

Notes:

halogen [	] adj. галогеновый
polished [	] adj. полированный
silver [	] adj. серебристый
	Задания по тексту

1.Переведите текст.

2.Составьте план текста из 6-8 пунктов.

3.Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке.

Лексическое упражнение

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словаисловосочетания.ЕслиВынезнаетеслово,найдитееговсловаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.

blindspot,crashtest,delayoffheadlights,exterior (adj.),halogenheadlights, premium(adj.),rainsensingwindshieldwipers,reach(v.),rearstepbumper, receive (v.), right (adj.), rollover (n.), row (n.), seat (v.), shift (n.), sound (adj.), tow (v.), turning radius, vary (v.), vehicle (n.).

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Урок 4.8

Текст А

2007 VOLVO S40

The Volvo S40 continues Volvo’s reputation as a maker of superb sports sedans. The S40 looks and acts like a sports sedan.

TheVolvoS402.4iusesafive-cylinderenginemaking168horsepower and 170 lb-ft of torque at 4400 rpm, on premium fuel. The model comes standard with a five-speed manual, and an optional five-speed automatic transmissioncalledtheGeartronicwithanAuto-Stickthatallowsclutchless manual shifting.

Standard equipment includes air conditioning, power windows, door locks, cruise control, tilt/telescoping steering wheel, 16-inch alloy wheels, remote entry, anti-theft system and etc.

The Select option package includes an eight-way power adjustable driver’s seat, power tilt/slide sunroof, a trip computer and some other features.TheSportoptionpackageincludesDynamicsuspension,andsport alloy wheels.AClimate package includes rain-sensor wipers, heated front seats, and headlamp washers. Stand-alone options include metallic paints, five-speed automatic and so on.

TheS40T5 uses a slightlylarger 2.5-literturbocharged versionof the engine,making218horsepowerand236lb-ftoftorqueoverthewide range of1500to4800rpm.TheT5adds asstandardequipmentfoglights,apower driver’s seat, leathergearshiftknob, and trip computer. For2007 the model comes standard with the five-speed Geartronic automatic, which replaces the six-speed manual transmission. The car features an electronically controlled all-wheel-drive system.

Volvo is a leader in safety engineering and it is obvious the company putalotofeffortintobuildingastructure designedtoprotectits occupants. TheS40comesloadedwithactiveandpassivesafetyfeaturestohelpdrivers avoid accidents, thenprotect themif thereis a crash.This maybe thesafest

car in this size class. Smaller than most luxury sedans, the S40 is much easier to park in tight spaces and it’s easier to maneuver on narrow roads.

All S40 models come with side curtain and side-impact airbags, projector-type headlamps, a rear fog light, and anti-lock brakes with electronic brake-force distribution. The addition of Dynamic Stability Traction Control is helpful in winter motoring. If the system detects any sign that the car is starting to slide, it will try to correct for the skid.

Notes:

engineering [		] n. автомобилестроение
knob [	] n. набалдашник, шарообразная ручка
leader [	] n. лидер
metallic paint [		] краска металлик
passive [		] adj. пассивный
reputation [		] n. репутация
sign [	] n. признак

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.How does the Volvo S40 look and act?

2.Whatarethespecifications(техническиехарактеристики)oftheS40 2.4i engine?

3.What does this model come with?

4.What does standard equipment include?

5.What option packages are there?

6.What do they include?

7.What are the specifications of the S40 T5 engine?

8.What’s the difference between the standard equipment of S40 2.4i and that of S40 T5?

9.HowdoesVolvoproveitsleadership(лидерство)insafetyengineering?

Фонетическое задание

Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.

[]; []; []; []; []; []; []; []

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Лексические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова.

anti-theft (adj.), etc. (adv.), leather (adj.), obvious (adj.), remote (adj.).

Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:

вождениевзимнихусловиях, восьмиточечнаярегулировкаводительского сидения с электроприводом, дистанционное открывание дверей, добавлять, заменять, и так далее, кожа, комплект дополнительного оборудования, меры активной и пассивной безопасности, модификация, ограниченное пространство, омыватели фар, очевидный, передние сидения с подогревом, переключение передач без сцепления, приложить много усилий, продолжать, противоугонный, регулируемое по углу наклона телескопическое рулевое колесо, сдвижной/подъёмный люк с электроприводом.

Упражнение 3. Определите: есть ли ошибки в переводе представленных ниже слов. Если ошибки имеются, укажите правильный перевод.

adjustable	регулирование	narrow	действительно
alloy	сплав	really	размер
avoid	выявлять	size	занос
detect	полезный	skid	скользить
helpful	выглядеть	slide	надёжный
look	узкий	sound	избегать

Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола.

1.Despite being a large vehicle, the Escalade has a comfortable ride.

2.Turning off an engine when stopped at a light can definitely save fuel.

3.The base models come with electronically directed shock absorbers.

4.The all-wheel drive vehicles take about 8.5 seconds to reach the same speed from a stop.

5.A manual shift gate also allows you to choose a lower gear for more immediate power delivery.

6.Thesameoccurswiththesettingsofdamperswhichpreventthesprings from bouncing.

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции слова one.

1.Thenew3.5-literV6engine,ratedat270horsepower,offersanincrease of 55 hp over the old one.

2.This can be achieved by adding a second, small fuel tank and filling that one with E85.

3.OnewaytoextendtheHCCImodeistoemployavariablecompression ratio.

4.One may expect LEDs to take over all exterior and interior lighting.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на эмфатические конструкции.

1.Itisthetheenginethatburnsfuelandconvertstheheatintomechanical energy which turns the wheels.

2.Not only does E85 have a higher-octane rating than gasoline; it also has more cooling effect.

3.It is only the more expensive rear-drive models, or those with frontwheel drive and therefore no differential at the rear, which have independent suspension on the back wheels.

4.Itisthedifferencebetweenthesefrequencies alongwiththeamountof damping that gives a comfortable ride.

5.Theheattransferredfromtheexhaustductwalldoesrepresentanextra load on cooling system.

Текст В

2008 VOLVO S60

The Volvo S60 fills the middle range in the Swedish automaker’s lineup.It’slargerthanthecompactS40,butnotquiteaslargeasthepremium-

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luxury S80. The vehicle comes in 2.5T and all-wheel-drive 2.5T AWD versions plus a sporty, more powerfulT5 model.

The 2.5Tis powered by a low-pressure-turbocharged 2.5-liter inline- 5 rated at 208 horsepower and 236 lb-ft of torque. Afive-speed automatic transmission is standard.

The2.5TAWDfeaturestractionof all-wheeldrive.Forbettertraction insnow,italsocomeswithnarrower205/55R16tires,mountedonnarrower (6.5-inchvs.7.0)rims,tohelpconcentratethecar’sweightonthetirepatches.

Standard equipment for the 2.5T includes central power door locks with keyless entry, power tinted windows, front and rear fog lights, power heated outside mirrors with memory, a pollen filter, cruise control, dualzoneelectronicclimatecontrol,tripcomputer,tilt/telescopingsteeringwheel.

The T5 comes with a 2.4-liter inline-5 that uses high-pressure turbocharging to produce 257 horsepowerand 258 lb-ft of torque (at 21005000 rpm) for much quicker acceleration.

Safetyfeatures that come standard on all S60 models include frontal, side-impactandside-curtainairbags;headrestraintsforallfivepassengers; seats that move on impact to reduce whiplash injuries (WHIPS); an immobilizer and alarm; anti-lock disc brakes (ABS) with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD); electronic stability control (DSTC); and a tire- pressuremonitor.TheS60featuresVolvo’sfamoussafety-cageconstruction. Seat belts have pyrotechnic pretensioners in all seating positions; they are superb,sobesuretousethematalltimes.ISO-FIXattachmentsareprovided for rearward-facing child safety seats.

Notes:

alarm [	] n. сигнализация
attachment [	] n. крепление
famous [	] adj. знаменитый
immobilizer [		] n. иммобилайзер
pollen [	] n. цветочная пыльца
pyrotechnic pretensioner [		] пиротехнический
преднатяжитель
rearward [	] adj. смотрящий назад
Swedish [	] adj. шведский
tinted [	] adj. тонированный
whiplash injury [		] хлыстовая травма (травма, вызванная

резким внезапным движением головы вперёд и снова назад)

Задания по тексту

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3.Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке.

Лексическое упражнение

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже словаисловосочетания.ЕслиВынезнаетеслово,найдитееговсловаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.

compact (n.), head restraint, horsepower (n.), impact (n.), keyless entry, maker (n.), power (v.), plus (n.), rim (n.), so on (adv.), tire patch, traction (n.), turbocharging (n.), zone (n.).

Текст C

THE FUTURE OFTHE INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINE

(continued)

Near-Term Innovations

Homogenous-Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)

Thistechnologyisessentiallyacombinationoftheoperatingprinciples of a gas engine and a diesel.When high poweris required,an HCCIengine operates like a conventional gasoline engine, with combustion initiated by a spark plug. At more modest loads, it operates more like a diesel, with combustion initiated by the pressure and heat of compression.

Inadieselengine,combustionstartswhenthefuelisinjectedwiththe piston near the top of the compression stroke, and the combustion is controlled by the speed at which the fuel is injected. With HCCI, however, the fuel has already been injected and mixed with the air before the compression stroke begins.

Since compression alone initiatescombustion, it’s moreof a bigbang than even a diesel’s hard-edged power stroke. Making the engine sturdy

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enoughtoavoidblowingapartmakes anHCCI atleast as heavyasa diesel. The key is achieving sufficient combustion control so that the HCCI cycle can be used over as wide a speed and load range as possible to get the efficiency benefits.

One way to extend the HCCI mode is to employ a variable compression ratio,whichiswhatMercedeshasdoneonitsexperimentalDies-Ottoengine. The payoff can be a 20-percent improvement in fuel economy without the particular traps and the NOx catalysts that diesels need. HCCI might make it into production by the end of this decade, perhaps as an efficient engine for a plug-in hybrid because it only needs to run over a small rpm band to power a generator.

Revised Stop-Start Systems

Turningoffanenginewhenstoppedatalightcandefinitelysavefuel. It’s easy to program an engine-control computer to shut down an engine whenthe vehiclespeeddrops to zero and restart itwhenthedriverremoves his foot from the brake pedal. The starter and the battery might need to be improvedtowithstandmorefrequentuse,butthat’s no technicalchallenge.

Mazdahascomeupwithasimplermethodofaccomplishingthestopstart feat. In its system, called i-stop, the computer stops the engine when one piston is just past the top of the compression stroke. To restart, fuel is injected into the cylinder,the spark plugis fired, and the engineis instantly running again.

Unfortunately,whilethesesystemsmightsaveasmuchasfivepercent of fuel consumption in an urban setting, the EPA’s test cycles demonstrate only a one-percent benefit, due to limited idle times. As a result, most manufacturers are reluctant to invest in the technology.

DI Turbo with Ethanol

One of the downsides of corn-based ethanol is that current flex-fuel engines generally aren’t taking full advantage of E85’s 95octane rating. Butit’seasytoimagineasecond-generationDIturboenginethatrunshigher boost pressure when burning E85. Such an engine could be half the size of a current naturally aspirated powerplant, with substantially higher fuel economy.Andwhenfueledwithpure gasoline,the computerwouldsimply dial back the boost. The engine would lose some power but without compromising durability or fuel efficiency.

A more radical way to harness ethanol’s higher octane rating is the “ethanol boosting system” (EBS). The concept is simple. Start with a DIturbo engine and add a conventional port-fuel-injection system to it. Then add a second, small fuel tank and fill that one with E85. During modest loads,the engine runs on gasoline and portinjection. But whenyou call for more power and the boost comes up, the DI system injects E85. Not only doesE85havea higheroctaneratingthangasoline,italsohas morecooling effect. This allows safe operation above 20 psi of boost.

Ford has shown serious interest in the project. A twin-turbo 5.0-liter EBS engine might replace the 6.7-liter diesel in the Super Duty truck. It would develop the same power and torque, achieve similar fuel efficiency, andbecheapertobuildbecauseitdoesn’tneedanyofthediesel’sexpensive exhaust after-treatment.

In normal use, E85 consumption would be less than 10percent of the gasoline consumption. Therefore, you save a lot of gas while consuming onlyalittleethanol.TheEBSengineseemstechnicallysoundandhasalready survived preliminary tests.

(to be continued)

Notes:

challenge [		] n. проблема
corn [	] n. зерно, кукуруза
dial back [		] v. отменять
feat [	] n. подвиг
flex-fuel engine [		] двигатель с гибким выбором топлива
innovation [		] n. нововведение
octane rating [		] октановое число
preliminary [		] adj. предварительный
pure [	] adj. чистый
radical [		] adj. радикальный
reluctant [		] adj. не испытывающий желания
sturdy [	] adj. прочный
treatment [		] n. обработка
zero [	] num. нуль

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1.What innovations of the internal combustion engine are described?

2.What is homogenous-charge compression ignition?

3.How does an HCCI engine work?

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