dmdz 4 R2 dRdz

Parameter a	4 R2 dR		3 dR C
is	a	dz
entrainment		4 R3	R dz	R
index
		3
	R R0 z

According to measurements (with radar)

C3 dRdz

dRdz 0.2...0.25

For practical purposes we can adopt it as a constant.

3
a R	Since const, a a(R) only.
	R 0 a 0
	R 0 a 0	21

Chimney clouds diurnal and annual variation

Maximal occurrence between 9 a.m. and 7 p.m.

97%	85% Cu
Cu

67% Cb

51% Cb

Over	Over
planes	mountains

Maximal development

Cu	Cb	Cb
1-2 p.m.	2-4 p.m.	5-7 p.m.

		Over planes	Over		Over
		and
			planes	mountains
	mountains

Maximal occurrence (48%) is in summer, 17% - in autumn, 5% - in winter, and 30 % - in spring.

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Mountain thunderstorm in San Juan Mountains (Whiteman ppt)

Whiteman (2000)

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