Додаткові тексти та завдання

Прочитайте текст з метою якомога точніше зрозуміти його зміст.

Текст 1

In fact the beginning of civilization and the beginning of engineering are coincident. Down through the ages, the engineer has been in the forefront as a maker of history. His material accomplishments have had as much impact on world history as any political, economic or social developments.

Basically, the role of engineer has not changed through the centuries. His job is to take knowledge and make practical use of it. He converts scientific theory into useful application, and in so doing, he provides for man’s material needs and well-being.

Outstanding characteristics of engineers through the centuries have been a willingness to work and an intellectual curiosity about the behavior of things. Their queries about Why? , How? , With What?, At What Cost? have all served to stimulate an effort to find desirable answers to many types of technological problems.

Another characteristic associated with engineers is the ability to see ahead. The engineer must have a fertile imagination, must be creative, and must be ready to accept new ideas. Whether an engineer lived at the time of construction of pyramids or has only recently graduated in nuclear engineering, these characteristics have been an important part of his intellectual make up.

б) Визначте, які з поданих нижче речень відповідають змісту тексту:

1. Civilization and engineering belong to different periods of time.

2. Outstanding engineers have always been among those people who determined the course of history.

3. Engineers use information and knowledge to invent devices helping to make our life easier.

4. Asking a lot of questions does not help solving technological problems.

5. Curiosity, creative imagination and desire to work in engineers stimulate technology development.

в) Дайте пояснення або переклад виділених слів та словосполучень.

г) Дайте відповіді на такі запитання:

1. What is the role of engineers in the history of mankind?

2. What characteristics should an individual possess to become a good engineer?

Граматичнi вправи.

Exercise 1 Make questions with these words. Use “is” or “are”

1 at home/your mother? ___________________________________

2 your parents/well? ______________________________________

3 interesting/your job? ____________________________________

4 the shops/open today? ___________________________________

5 interested in sports/you? _________________________________

6 near here/the post office? _________________________________

7 at school/your children? __________________________________

8 why/you/late? __________________________________________

Exercise 2 Write sentences about yourself

1 (name?) My ___________________________________________

2 (from?) I ______________________________________________

3 (age?) I _______________________________________________

4 (occupation?) I _________________________________________

5 (married?) I ____________________________________________

6 (favourite colour/s?) My __________________________________

7 (interested in ...?) I ______________________________________

Exercise 3Ask questions corresponding to the given answers

1 _____________________________________________________?

That’s my father. He’s a dentist.

2 _____________________________________________________?

He’s 45.

3 _____________________ that ______________________mother?

Yes, it is. She’s a dentist too.

4 _____________________________________________________?

That’s my sister Laura.

5 _____________________________________________________?

She’s 23.

6 ___________________________________________your brother?

No, it’s Laura’s husband.

7 _____________________________________________________?

Ferdinand.

8 ___________________those___________________grandparents?

Yes, they are. That’s my mother’s father and my father’s mother.

Exercise 4 Use the words in the box to write sentences. Some of your sentences must be questions (Where is ...? Are your parents...?) Use each word at least once

18 is/isn’t your parents expensive I

Jim’s book am/am not an engineer old Spanish

Anna at work how where are/aren’t

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_______________________________________________________ Exercise 5 Put in the, a/an or – (= no article)

1 Who opened _____ window?

2 I’d like _____ glass of water.

3 My sister is married to _____ farmer.

4 _____ man in _____ next flat is French.

5 He’s _____ oldest child in _____ school.

6 Who’s ____ girl by ____ piano?

7 Today is _____ only day that I’m free.

8 “Which coat is yours?” “_____ red one.”

9 Before people invented _____ wheel, they couldn’t transport heavy loads easily.

10 People say ____ British are not very friendly but I disagree.

11 I pick up ____ kids from _____ school and take them ____ home when Mary is at ____ work.

12 Take these letters to _____ post office, will you?

13 Are we going round to _____ Wilsons for _____ supper on Saturday?

14 Where do you work during _____ day?

15 What will you do if they cut _____ electricity off?

16 The government should tax _____ rich more and _____ poor less.

17 ____ power doesn’t interest him but ____ money does.

18 What did people write with before _____ ballpoint pen.

19 ____ fax machine is a much faster way of sending letters than the post.

Exercise 6 Write questions. Use the words in brackets (...) + do/does. Put the words in the right order

1 (where / live / your parents?) ___________________

2 (you / early / always / get up?) ___________________

3 (how often / TV / you / watch?) ___________________

4 (you / want / what / for dinner?) ___________________

5 (like / you / football?) ___________________

6 (your brother / like / football?) ___________________

7 (what / you / do / in the evenings?) ___________________

8 (your sister / work / where?) ___________________

9 (to the cinema / often / you / go?) ___________________

10 (what / mean / this word?) ___________________

11 (often / snow / it / here?) ___________________

12 (go / usually / to bed / what time / you?) ____________________

13 (how much / to phone New York / it / cost?) ________________

14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what?) _________________

Exercise 7 Look at Brian’s schedule in Argentina. He usually has a regular schedule but today is different. Complete the sentences below. Use the present progressive or the simple present. Choose between affirmative and negative forms

7:00-8:00	run in the park	get ready for a field trip
8:30-12:30	attend class	go on a field trip to the museum
1:00-2:00	eat lunch
2:00-3:00	take a nap	work on the family web page
3:00-5:00	work in the cafeteria
5:00-6:30	do homework	call home at 5:00 sharp today!
6:30-8:30	play tennis	watch a video with Eva
8:30	have dinner
9:30-10:00	write letters	take a walk with the family
10:00-10:30	take a shower	do homework

1 Brian always runs in the park early in the morning, but today he is getting ready for a field tri .

2 Brian usually __________________ between 8:30 and 12:30, but today he _____________________ .

3 He always ___________________ between 1:00 and 2:00.

4 It’s 1:30. He ____________________ .

5 He normally ______________________________ after lunch, but today he ______________________ .

6 Every day from 3:00 to 5:00, he _____________________ .

7 It’s 5:00, but he _________________________ now.

He ______________________________________ instead.

8 It’s 6:45, but he ______________________________ .

He ________________________________ .

9 It’s 8:30. Brian ________________________________ .

10 He always ________________________________ at 8:30.

11 After dinner, Brian usually ________________________ , but tonight he ____________________ .

12 It’s 10:15, but he __________________________ .

He _______________________________ .

Exercise 8 Put the verb in the present continuous (I am doing) or the present simple (I do). Mind the negative and interrogative forms

1 Excuse me. Do you speak (you/speak) English?

2 “Where's Tom?” “He’s having” (he/have) a shower.”

3 I don’t watch (I/not/watch) television very often.

4 Listen! Somebody _______________________________ (sing)

5 Sandra is tired ___________________ (she/want) to go home now.

6 How often _________________________ (you/read) a newspaper?

7 “Excuse me but ________ (you/sit) in my place.” “Oh, I'm sorry.”

8 I'm sorry, _______ (I/not/understand). Can you speak more slowly?

9 It's late ___________________________ (I/go) home now. ______________________________ (you/come) with me?

10 What time __________ (your father/finish) work in the evenings?

11 You can turn off the radio _________________ (I/not/listen) to it.

12 “Where's Paul?” “In the kitchen _________________ (he/cook) something.”

13 Martin ______________________________ (not/usually/drive) to work. He ______________________________ (usually/walk).

14 Sue _______________________ (not/like) coffee _______________________ (she/prefer) tea.

Exercise 9 Complete the sentences. Use I/me/he/him/she/her, etc

1 Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?

2 “Do you know that man?” “Yes, I work with _______________.”

3 Where are the tickets? 1 can't find __________________________

4 I can't find my keys. Where are ___________________________ ?

5 We're going out. You can come with _______________________ .

6 Margaret likes music. _______________________ plays the piano.

7 I don't like dogs. I'm afraid of ____________________________ .

8 I'm talking to you. Please listen to _________________________ .

9 Where is Ann? I want to talk to ___________________________ .

10 My brother has a new job. _______ doesn't like _____ very much.

Exercise 10 Put in was/were or wasn't/weren't.

1 We weren't happy with the hotel. Our room _____ very small and it _____ very clean

2 George _______ at work last week because he _______ill. He's better now.

3 Yesterday _______ a public holiday so the shops _______ closed. They're open today.

4 “_______ Sue and Bill at the party?” “Sue _______ mere but Bill _______ .

5 “Where are my keys?” “I don't know. They _______ on the table but they're not there now.”

6 You _______ at home last night. Where _______ you?

Exercise 11 Write the questions. Use the words in brackets (...) in the correct order + was/were

1 (late / you / this morning / why?) The traffic was bad.

2 (difficult / your exam?) No, it was easy.

3 (last week / where / Ann and Chris?) They were on holiday.

4 (your new camera / how much?) Sixty pounds.

5 (angry / you / yesterday / why?) Because you were late.

6 (nice / the weather / last week?) Yes, it was beautiful.

Exercise 12 Put in there was / there wasn't / was there / there were / there weren't / were there

1 I was hungry but _______________________ anything to eat.

2 ____________________ any letters for me yesterday?

3 ______________ a football match on TV last night. Did you see it?

4 “We stayed at a very nice hotel.” “Did you? _______________ a swimming pool?”

5 “Did you buy any eggs?” “No, _______________ any in the shop.”

6 The wallet was empty. _______________ any money in it.

7 “______________ many people at the meeting?” “No, very few.”

8 We didn't visit the museum. _______________ enough time.

9 I'm sorry I'm late. _______________ a lot of traffic.

10 Twenty years ago _______________ many tourists here. Now there are a lot.

Exercise 13 Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple in each sentence

clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want

1 I _____ my teeth three times yesterday.

2 It was hot in the room, so I __________ the window.

3 The concert __________ at 7.30 and __________ at 10 o'clock.

4 When I was a child, I __________ to be a doctor.

5 The accident __________ last Sunday afternoon.

6 It's a nice day today but yesterday it __________ all day.

7 We __________ our holiday last year. We __________ at a very nice place.

8 Ann's grandfather __________ when he was 90 years old.

Exercise 14 Put the verb into the past continuous or past simple.

1 A: What were you doing (you/do) when the phone rang (ring)?

B: I was watching (watch) television.

2 A: Was Jane busy when yon went to see her?

B: Yes, she __________ (study).

3 A: What time __________ (the post / arrive) this morning?

B: It __________ (come) while I __________ (have) breakfast.

4 A: Was Margaret at work today?

B: No, she __________ (not/go) to work. She was ill.

5 A: How fast __________ (you/drive) when the police __________ (stop) you?

B: I don't know exactly but I __________ (not/drive) very fast.

6 A: __________ (your team / win) the football match yesterday?

B: No, the weather was very bad, so we __________ (not/play).

7 A: How __________ (you/break) the window?

B: We __________ (play) football. I __________ (kick) the ball and it __________ (hit) the window.

8 A: __________ (you/see) Jenny last night?

B: Yes, she __________ (wear) a very nice jacket.

9 A: What __________ (you/do) at 2 o'clock this morning?

B: l was asleep.

10 A: 1 __________ (lose) my key last night.

B: How __________ (you/get) into your room?

A: I __________ (climb) in through a window.

Exercise 15You are asking Helen questions beginning with Have you ever... ? Write the questions

You Helen

1 (London?) ____________________________ 2 (play/golf?) ___________________________ 3 (Australia?) Have _______________________ 4 (lose / your passport?) ____________________ 5 (fly / in a helicopter?) ____________________ 6 (eat / Chinese food?) _____________________ 7 (New York?) ___________________________ 8 (drive / a bus?) __________________________ 9 (break / your leg?) _______________________

No, never. Yes, many times. No, never. Yes, once. No, never. Yes, a few times. Yes, twice. No, never. Yes, once

Exercise 16 Complete the sentences with for or since phrases. Mind the tense form

1 Jill is in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. She has been there for three days.

2 Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He (to be) ___________

3 It's raining. It started an hour ago. It (to rain) _________________

4 I know Sue, 1 first met Sue two years ago. I (to know) _________

5 I have a camera. I bought it in 1989. I (to have) _______________

6 They are married. They got married six months ago. They (to be married) ________________________________________________

7 Liz is studying medicine at university. She started three years ago. She (to study) ___________________________________________

8 Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old. Dave (to play) ___________________________________________

Exercise 17 Put the verb in the present perfect or past simple

1 My friend is a writer. He ______________ (write) many books.

2 We ____________ (not/have) a holiday last year.

3 І _______________ (рlay) tennis yesterday afternoon.

4 What time _______________ (you/go) to bed last night?

5 _______________ (yon/ ever/ meet) a famous person?

6 The weather _______________ (not/be) very good yesterday.

7 My hair is wet. I _______________ (just/wash) it.

8 l _______________ (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning.

9 Kathy travels a lot. She _______________ (visit) many countries.

10 “Is Sonia here?” “No, she _______________ (not/come) yet.”

Exercise 18 Put the verb in the right form

1 I __________ hands because they were dirty. (wash)

2 Somebody ____________________ this window. (break)

3 I feel good. I _______________ very well last night. (sleep)

4 We _______________ a very good film yesterday. (see)

5 It _______________ a lot while we were on holiday. (rain)

6 I ____________ my bag. (lose) ______ you __________ it? (see)

7 I _______________ to bed early because I was tired. (go)

8 ___________ you _______________ your work yet? (finish)

10 Ann _______________ to drive when she was 18. (learn)

11 I ____________ never _______________ a horse. (ride)

12 Julia is a good friend of mine. I ____________________ her for a long time. (know)

13 Yesterday I _______________ and _______________ my leg. (fall / hurt)