16.Phonetic & Graph. Stylistic devices

PHONETIC.

One of the main notions dealing with the interrelation of sound & sense is ONAMATOPOEIAa combination of speech sounds which aims is imitating sounds produced by nature (wind) pins, machines or tools, by people laughter, by animals.

e.g.splash (sound of water); hiss (sound of snake); ramble (metal on metal); giggle; whistle; buzz; coo.

Direct onomatopoeia occurs on words that imitate natural sounds:

e.g.mew; roar; buzz; ding-dong.

Sounds resemblance the word strongly, others require a lot of imagination to underst& the source (e.g. cock-a-doole-doo).

Indirect ona-ia is a combination of sounds the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an echo of its sense.

e.g.Tiger taiga burning bright

In the forest of the night.

Strongly reminds you of a distant roar of a tiger.

ALLITERATION– is the repetition of consonants usually in the beginning of words.

As an example may serve the famous lines of E. A. Poe: Silken, sad, uncertain. Rustling of each purple curtain…

Last but not least

Assonance is a figure of speech based on the repetition sounds or diphthongs without reguard of consonants, the kind of vowel rhyme.

e.g. How sad & bad & mad it was (Browning).

They both may produce the effect of euphony (a sense of ease & comfort in pronouncing or hearing).

Graph. Sd

In contemporary advertising mass media & above all creative prose sound is fore grounded mainly through they change of its excepted graph. representation. The intentional violation of a graph. shape of a word or word combination used to reflect its authentic pronunciation is called GRAPHON.

Graphon individualizing the characters’ speech, adds to his plausibility vividness & memorability. At the same time graphon is very good at conveying the atmosphere of authentic live communication of the informality of a speech act.

Some amalgamated forms which are the result of strong assimilation became clichés in contemporary prose dialogue.

e.g.gimme (give me) ; leme (let me); gonna (going to); gotta (got to); mighta (might have); coupla (couple of); willya (will you).

This flavor of informality & authenticity brought graphon popularity with advertiser.

e.g.‘Rite Bred Shop’; ‘Carpets’; lo, hi (low, high).

Pure graph. devices.

Graph. Sdare used to convey the intensity of the stress, emphasizing & thus fore grounding the stressed words.

To such pure graph. means not involving the violations we should refer all changes of the type write down: italics, capitalization

Spacing of graphins: hyphenation (e.g. I en-vy you); multiplication (e.g. I’ve a laaaarge cat); end of lines.

Intensify of speech (often in comm&s is transmitted through the multiplicationof a graphin or capitalization of the word): e.g. ‘allll aboarrrrrrd’, ‘help! Help! Help!’.

Hyphenation of a word suggests the rhymed or clipped manner in which it is uttered as in the humiliation comment:

e.g.‘grinning like a chim-pan-zi’.

Summing up the informational options of the graph. arrangement of a word (a line) an extract one sees the varied applications for recreating the individual & social peculiarities of a speaker, the atmosphere of the complication act, dash, of aimed at revealing & emphasizing the authors’ view point.