Text a Electronics

Electronics is one of the branches of science and technology. It is different from electrical science and technology. Electrical engineering tasks are the generation, distribution, control and application of electrical power. Electronics, in its turn, uses the controlled motion of electrons through different media and vacuum. This ability has a significant importance in device control.

Today, in comparison with the first devices, most modern electronic devices have semiconductor components in the base of their construction rather than vacuum tubes and electric relays.

The study of semiconductor devices and their technology is the task of physics. The design and construction of electronic circuits are the tasks of electronic engineering. There are many different electronic components such as capacitors,resistors,diodes,transistors, amplifiers, insulators etc. These components usually have to be connected together on aprinted circuit board(PCB).

A printed circuit boardwith a great amount of electronic components is an integrated circuit (IC). There are three main advantages of ICs over discrete circuits: efficiency, low cost and performance.

The high level of flexibility and reliability of transistors have a great significance in modern microelectronics. Besides, the transistor had the potential to work faster and more reliably and to consume much less power than a vacuum tube. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a single small chip will have a great improvement over the manual assembly of circuits with the use of discrete electronic components.

There are two available groups of circuits and components: analog and digital. A particular device has one or the other or a mix of the two types.

Задания к тексту A:

1. Найдите в тексте следующие эквиваленты русским выражениям:

через разные среды и вакуум; должны быть соединены друг с другом; цена и качество; печатная плата; интегральная микросхема; преимущество интегральной микросхемы над дискретными схемами; в свою очередь; в основе их конструкции; полупроводниковые компоненты; одна из отраслей науки и технологии; управляемое движение электронов; значительная важность; выработка, распределение, управление и применение электрической энергии.

II. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. К каждому предложению поставьте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ:

1. The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is the task of physics. 2. There are different electronic components. 3. Most electronic devices today have semiconductor components in the base of their construction.

III. Ответьте письменно на вопросы:

1. What difference is there between electrical engineering and electronic engineering?

2. What have most electronic devices in the base of their construction?

3. What is the physics’ task?

4. What are the tasks of electronic engineering?

5. What are usually there on a printed circuit board(PCB)?

6. What is an integrated circuit (IC)?

7. What are two main advantages of ICs over discrete circuits?

8. What groups of circuits and components are there?

IV. Переведите текст А письменно.