Для аспирантов пособие Тавановой

d).___________________________________

Children often learn short rhymes to help them remember things that are very often a problem. Many people still use these memory aids even when they are adults. For instance, to spell the words ‘receive’ and ‘believe ’ and to remember which takes ‘ie’ and which takes ‘ei’, children learn this rhyme: I before E except after C.

Do you think any of the techniques mentioned in the passage are likely to be useful to you for learning English?

Speaking

Work with your partner and answer these questions in turn:

1.What is your language learning experience? Are you able to read in English? Can you understand English speech by listening? Are you able to translate English texts in a proper way? Do you understand English songs (TV programmes/ radiobroadcast)? Can you communicate in English? Have you ever visited any English speaking country? Are you going to do it in the nearest future?

2.How long have you been learning English? (I have been learning English since/for…). Where did you begin learning English?

3.How is it better for you to study language: in a group (you can practice language through speaking with other members of the group) or individually?

4.What aspect of the English language do you consider the most difficult to study: vocabulary, grammar, phonetics (pronunciation)? Why?

5.Some people say that learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. Why is it not so easy for you?

-There is no one to speak with in everyday life.

-You think that you have got a bad memory and you are not good enough at remembering new words.

-You are rather lazy.

-You have know enough time to learn English. You have got too many other different

things to do.

- Any other reasons?

6. What type of language do you use mainly in your work: written

(correspondence) or spoken (phone contacts, presentations, meetings…)?

7.Was it a decision to enroll for this course taken on your own, or it was your employer who made you to attend this course?

8.What are the best ways to learn a foreign language? Give your reasons.

-to have a good textbook

-to have a skilled teacher

-to go to an English-speaking country

-to have an English-speaking pen friend

-to chat on the Internet

-to phone your friends abroad

-to read English books and magazines

-to read labels and instructions on everything you buy

-To watch videos and films in English

-to listen to the radio and TV musical programmes

9. What are your reasons for learning a foreign language? Why have you chosen exactly English? Is it possible for you to learn other foreign language?

10. The great German poet Goethe said, “He, who knows no foreign language, does not know his own one.” It means that in order to un derstand oneself and environment One has to study foreign languages. Do you agree with it or not?

Refresh your grammar

Reported Speech and Sequence of Tenses.

Translate into Russian.

He said that he wrote stories.

He said that he was writing a story.

He said that he had been writing stories.

He said that he had written a story.

He said that he would write a story.

He said that he would be writing stories.

He said that he would have written a story.

Test yourself.

I. Напишите, как меняется сказуемое при согласовании времен:

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Present Simple	… …
Present Progressive	… …
Present Perfect	… …
Present Perfect Progressive	… … …
Past Simple	… …
Past Progressive	… …
Future Simple	… …
Future Progressive	… …

II. Укажите, какими словами следует заменить обстоятельства места, времени и указательные местоимения при переводе прямой речи в косвенную:

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

Now

Here

This, that

Today

Tomorrow

Yesterday

Next day

Last night

Last year

III. Переделайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи:

1. “Don’t cross the street under the red light”, sa id the man to the boy. 2. “I took a very good book from the library yesterday”, said he to the students. 3. “Come to my house tomorrow, Jane”, said Helen. 4. “Where are yo ur books?” said her mother.5. “Will you play the piano today”, asked her aunt. 6. “What are you doing now?” asked the teacher. 7. “Do you work hard every day?” asked she very seriously. 8. “How many years have you been learning English?” asked h is uncle.

IV. Поставьте глагол, приведенный в скобках, в соответствующих времени и форме.

The Life of a Student.

While I (walk) across the campus the other day. I (meet) my old friend Bill, whom I (see, not) since May. Naturally, we (stop) (talk) to each other for a few minutes. I asked him how he (do) in his classes that semester. He told me that he (take) a course in English that semester. He said that he (complete) the elementary course two semesters before, and by the next semester he (be) ready (take) the most difficult English course offered at this school. He also said that he (be) interested in getting his degree as soon as possible and he (ask, already) his adviser for permission to take the final examination. “I am glad (hear) that you (make ) such good progress”, I (say) to Bill. Then I asked him if he (can) tell me the secret of his success. He answered that the secret of his success (be) simple and he (study0 at least two hours a day to improve his English.

After that I told Bill (have) a little difficulty with my course in French at the moment. I said that I (study, not) very hard the last semester, but I (work) harder in the future.