менгардт английский для техн вузов

5.27.Read the following statements and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).

1.Sally’s probably working this evening.

2.Sally’s going to the cinema this evening.

3.Dan’s having a meeting in Glasgow at 9 a.m.

4.Dan’s having a meeting in Cardiff at 10 a.m.

5.Dan’s driving to Cardiff next morning.

6.Dan’s driving to Cardiff overnight.

7.Dan’s going to drive all through the night.

8.Dan’s going to visit some shops.

5.28.Dan and Sally are continuing the conversation. Complete the following sentences, as in the model.

Model: – Dan: I prefer to take my own car.

–Sally: It’s too dangerous. You’ll fall (you / fall) asleep on the motorway.

Dan:	… (I / not fall) asleep. … (I / play) loud music. Anyway, …
	(I / get) much quicker when … (there / not be) any traffic on the road.
	As soon as … (I / arrive), … (I / ring) you, I promise.
Sally: … (I / be worried) until … (I / hear) from you.
Dan:	… (I / lie) down for a couple of hours before … (I / go).

Sally: Good idea. … (you / be tired) tomorrow if you … (you / not get) some sleep this morning. When are you coming back?

Dan: I think in two days’ time. See you till Wednesday. Bye.

Sally: Bye.

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Unit 6. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

6.1.Read the following words and expressions and pay attention to the examples.

a total area

общая площадь

to occupy

охватывать, занимать

to border on

граничить с …

vast

обширный, огромный, громадный

a plain

равнина

numerous

многочисленный

different (from)

различный, разный, отличный (от)

moderate climate

умеренный климат

to influence smth.

оказывать влияние, влиять на что-либо

to be rich in smth.

быть богатым чем-либо

mineral resources

минеральные ресурсы

especially

особенно, главным образом

to head

возглавлять

The total area of Tomsk region is about 300,000 square kilometers.

The national park occupies the third part of the town.

Germany borders on France in the west.

The vast territory of the country is well-known all over the world.

There are a lot of plains in the western part of the country.

The agency offers numerous vacancies in the field of radioengineering.

There are different places to visit in the town: a town park, a zoo,

a state university, etc.

The climate in this part of the country is moderate.

The number of excellent marks influences the Certificate.

Tomsk region is rich in oil and coal.

The territory is famous for its mineral resources.

All the students, especially the students of the first course, take an active part in different conferences.

The students’ club is headed by the dean.

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a legislative power

законодательная власть

the Upper House

верхняя палата

the Lower House

нижняя палата

a Federation Council

совет федерации

an executive power

исполнительная власть

a judicial power

законодательная власть

the Constitutional Court

конституционный суд

the Supreme Court

верховный суд

a Federal Assembly

федеральное собрание (ассамблея)

the capital

столица

scientific

научный

an official language

официальный язык

a banner

знамя

In this country a legislative power belongs to the Parliament.

The members of the Upper House are elected every four years.

The work of the Lower House is controlled by the President.

The speaker of the Federation Council has a lot of responsebility.

A prime minister is the only one who has an executive power.

The president doesn’t have a judicial power.

The members of the Constitutional Court have two sessions

a year.

The decisions, made by the Supreme Court, are very important for the country.

A Federal Assembly is a part of the judicial branch of power.

The capital of England is London.

The students asked the professor

a lot of questions on his scientific report.

There are two official languages in Canada: French and English.

A red banner is the symbol of the Communist party.

6.2.Read the following questions and think about your answers.

1.What is the total area of the Russian Federation?

2.How many countries does Russia border on?

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3.What climate conditions are there in different parts of Russia?

4.What lake is the deepest in Russia?

5.Can you name the longest rivers of the country?

6.Who (What) is the Russian Federation headed by?

7.Which mineral resources is Russia rich in?

8.How many branches of power does the country consist of?

9.What are the national symbols of the Russian Federation?

10.What kind of state is Russia?

6.3.Read the text “The Russian Federation” and check your answers.

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers and it occupies about 1/6 of the earth surface. The population of Russia is about 150 million people. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. The land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. The greater part of the territory of Russia is vast plains with high mountains and long rivers. The highest

mountains of our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. The Volga and the Ural are the longest rivers in the European part of the country. The longest rivers in the Asian part are the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena. Russia has also got numerous forests and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. The country is rich in various lakes, the deepest of which is the Baikal.

As Russia is a very large country, the climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. The Arctic Ocean influences the weather on a great territory of the country. In some parts of the country winter lasts as long as six months. The Russian Federation is one of the richest in mineral resources countries in the world especially in natural gas, oil, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President. The political system consists of three branches of power:

– the legislative branch which consists of the Federal Assembly that is divided into two houses – the Upper House, that is the Federation Council, and the Lower House, the Duma. Each house is headed by the Speaker.

– the executive branch is the government with the Prime Minister at the head.

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– the judicial branch which consists of the system of Courts comprising the

Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.

The President controls only the executive branch – the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.

The capital of Russia is Moscow, the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center as well as one of the most beautiful cities of the world. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a white-blue-red banner and a double-headed eagle.

The foreign policy of Russia is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations and countries.

6.4. Complete the following sentences with the expressions from the box.

total area		borders on	is rich in consists of	is washed by
international cooperation			the official language	is situated
is headed by		a constitutional republic cultural and industrial center
1. France … … Germany and Denmark.
2.	The Russian Federation is … … … and it … … … the President.
3.	They speak Spanish in Brazil. It’s … … … of the country.

4. Canada is a very big country. Its … … is about eleven million square kilometers.

5. The western part of the country … … numerous plains and forests. 6. Brazil … … … oil, gas and coal.

7. The island … … … the Pacific Ocean.

8. The House of Parliament … … in the center of London. 9. My native town is a … … … … of Siberia.

10. The most important direction of the foreign policy is that of … … .

6.5. Read	the following	international	words and notice their
pronunciation.
territory	professor	official	council
climate	parliament	report	federal
symbol	session	region	capital
cultural	industrial	resources	continental
legislative	assembly	minister	speaker

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Table 6.1

Present Simple and Past Simple Passive

TENSE	ACTIVE
Present	People drink coffee in
Simple	most countries.
Tense	We discuss the problems
	of the faculty once a
	month.
	The teachers don’t usual-
	ly ask me about my
	family.
	Do you understand my
	questions?
Past	The students asked Pro-
Simple	fessor Bright a lot of
Tense	questions yesterday.
	The students didn’t ask
	Professor Bright many
	questions.
	Did you send the letters
	yesterday?

PASSIVE

Coffee is drunk in most countries.

The problems of the faculty are discussed once a month.

I am not usually asked about my family by the teachers.

Are my questions understood?

Professor Bright was asked a lot of questions by the students yesterday.

Professor Bright wasn’t asked many questions by the students.

Were the letters sent yesterday?

6.6. Rewrite the following sentences in passive, as in the model.

Model: – They play football in many countries.

–Football is played in many countries.

–The Europeans discovered Australia in the 17th century.

–Australia was discovered by the Europeans in the 17th century.

1.My mother usually wakes me up at 7 o’clock.

2.They grow rice in Vietnam.

3.The reporter wrote a very interesting article.

4.Millions of tourists visit Moscow every year.

5.They built the Central museum in 1928.

6.They saw me at the university a week ago.

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7.Indian football teams don’t win the most football matches.

8.Somebody left the books on the table.

9.The Italians make Italian ice-cream with coconut milk.

10.My sister won a national poetry prize last year.

6.7.Read the following pairs of active and passive sentences. Which is the better sentence?

1.a) They sell Macdonald’s hamburgers in many countries.

b)Macdonald’s hamburgers are sold in many countries.

2.a) Janet paid the bill for electricity last week.

b)The bill for electricity was paid by Janet last week.

3.a) They made Fiat cars in Italy.

b)Fiat cars are made in Italy.

4.a) My mother does a lot of cooking.

b)A lot of cooking is made by my mother.

5.a) They celebrate the Day of St. Valentine on 14th February.

b)The Day of St. Valentine is celebrated on 14th February.

6.a) My father writes poetry.

b)Poetry is written by my father.

6.8.Write questions and answers, as in the model.

Model: – watch / gold / Switzerland

A:What is your watch made of?

B:My watch is made of gold.

A:Where was it made?

B:It was made in Switzerland.

–suit / wool / England

–ring / silver / Russia

–T-shirt / cotton / China

–arm-chair / wood / New Zealand

–shoes / leather / Italy

6.9.Find the verbs in passive in the text “The Russian Federation”.

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6.10.You are going to read a radio quiz. Read the following questions and think about your answers.

1.Who was the first television invented by: John Baird or Graham Bell?

2.When did Shakespeare write Hamlet: in 1603 or 1601?

3.How many players are there in each baseball team: nine or eleven?

4.When was the Everest first climbed: in 1953 or 1955?

5.How is Arabic written: from left to right or from right to left?

6.11. Read the radio quiz and check your answers.

Presenter: Hello, dear friends! My name is Angela and I would be pleased to give a secret prize to a winner of our radio quiz show. Hello! What’s your name?

Nancy: I am Nancy. Nancy Bright. I am eighteen years old and I am a university student.

Presenter: Great Nancy! You have two minutes to answer five of my questions. Let’s start. Question number one. Who was the first television invented by: Graham Bell or John Baird?

Nancy: Mmm… Well. Let me see. The first television. Baird. John Baird. Yes, definitely. John Baird.

Presenter: Right. Question number two. Hamlet was written by Shakespeare, wasn’t it?

Nancy: Yes, of course.

Presenter: When exactly? In 1601 or 1603?

Nancy: I know. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1601.

Presenter: Great! You are really a quick-thinker, Nancy! Question number three. There are two teams of players in baseball. How many players are there in each team? Nine or eleven?

Nancy: Nine. I play baseball in the university team. It’s my favourite game. There are nine of us. Yes, nine.

Presenter: Excellent! Question number four. When was the Everest first climbed? Did it happen in 1953 or 1955?

Nancy: It’s a difficult question. I am not very good at geography and history. OK. I’ll try to guess. Fifty-five or fifty-three? Fifty-three. I am not sure but I choose nineteen fifty-three.

Presenter: You are lucky, Nancy! That’s right. The Everest was first climbed in nineteen fifty-three. And now the last question. Is Arabic written from left to right or from right to left?

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Nancy: From left to right. Oh, no!!! From right to left. Yes, definitely. From right to left. I have recently read about languages.

Presenter: Bravo, Nancy. You are the winner of the show. You are a very bright student and now our secret prize is an Encyclopedia. Congratulations!!!

6.12.Read the text “Moscow, the Capital of the Russian Federation”.

MOSCOW, THE CAPITAL OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In the very beginning of 19th century a famous Russian philosopher and a historian Nikolay Karamzin said: ‘If you want to know Russia, go right to Moscow’. Now, at the very beginning of 21st century his words are still true. Moscow today is one of the biggest and the most beautiful cities in the world. Over the years it has become an enormous megapolis with first-rate hotels, restaurants,

theatres, exhibition halls and museums, supermarkets and gigantic transport system. But Moscow is still the city where every stone breathes history and it has the right, as ever, to be called the heart of Russia.

Moscow was founded in 1147 by the Prince of Suzdal, Yury Dolgoruky who built it in the very middle of the country. Moscow is the city that, like Rome, is situated on seven hills. Its early architecture was quite simple but rather impressive. The larger part of the city was occupied by the private houses which were made of wood. Some of the buildings such as fortress walls, bridges, churches and cathedrals were made of brick and white stone, decorated with ceramic. For that reason

Moscow is called “a city of white stone”. During the reign of Catherine the Great several foreign famous architects were invited who built a number of architectural monuments of western style. Some of them survived after the terrible fire in 1812 and after the World War II. They are still carefully protected by the city authorities.

In recent years much attention is paid to the construction of cultural, educational establishments and sports facilities. The population of Moscow reached 11 million people and it is still growing. For that reason one of the most serious problems for Muscovites is transport. The traffic is very busy especially in

rush-hours as well as in other large cities of the world. The most convenient means of transport in Moscow is the Metro. Nevertheless there is a permanent need for more modern and more comfortable means of transport.

There are many places in Moscow which are famous for their history and architecture. The Red Square and the Kremlin are among them. The Kremlin is situated on the northern bank of the Moscow

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River. The Great Kremlin Palace that was completed in 1849 is the most imposing building within the Kremlin. The other Kremlin palaces are Granovitaya Palace which was built in 1491 and the Terem, built in 1636. The Tower of Ivan the Great, a bell tower of 98 m. high is also located in the Kremlin. A recent part of the Kremlin is the palace of Congress that was completed in 1961. In the eastern part of the Kremlin the Kitaigorod (Chinese City) is located, the ancient commercial center of Moscow. St Basil’s Cathedral, which is famous for its unique architecture, is located on the Red Square.

The area around Sadovoye Ring Road is significant as it is a historical, cultural, educational and administrative public center, the seat of the Government and the Parliament.

The city authorities are doing everything to protect valuable architectural monuments as well as parks and old streets. Moscow remains one of the most beautiful and hospitable capitals of the world.

6.13.Read the following statements and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).

1.Moscow was built in the very middle of Russia.

2.The city is situated on six hills.

3.The traffic in Moscow is very busy especially in rush-hours.

4.The city authorities are doing nothing to protect the architecture of Moscow.

5.The Great Kremlin Palace is the most imposing building within the Kremlin.

6.The palace of Congress was built in 1961.

7.Moscow is called “a city of a white stone”.

8.In 12th century there were a lot of houses made of wood.

6.14.Match the following words and expressions with their equivalents.

1. to be famous for	a) уникальная архитектура
2. valuable	b) образовательное учреждение
3. unique architecture	c) огромный, громадный
4. hospitable	d) часы пик
5. to pay attention	e) спортивные сооружения
6. city authorities	f) гостеприимный
7. means of transport	g) выжить, выживать

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