Mass media

1. The mass media are diversified media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place are various. Broadcast media such as radio, recorded music, film and television transmit their information electronically. Print media use a physical object such as a newspaper, book, pamphlet or comics, to distribute their information.

2. Outdoor media is a form of mass media that comprises billboards, signs or placards placed inside and outside of commercial buildings, sports stadiums, shops and buses. Other outdoor media include flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, and skywriting. The digital media comprise both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media provide many mass media services, such as email, websites, blogs, and internet based radio and television.

3. While a telephone is a two way communication device, mass media refer to medium which can communicate a message to a large group, often simultaneously. However, modern cell phones are no longer a single use device. Most cell phones are equipped with internet access and capable of connecting to the web which itself is a mass medium. A question arises of whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply a device used to access a mass medium (the Internet).

Содержанию текста соответствует утверждение

• Each mass media has its own content types, its own creative artists and technicians, and its own business models.

• There is a system where marketers are able to tap into satellites and broadcast commercials directly to cell phones.

• The Internet consists of millions of networks, which carry various information and services.

• Broadcasting organizations broadcast several programs at the same time, through several channels.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

The difference between broadcast media and print media consists in…

• the information they provide

• the way they are equipped

• the way they provide information

• the media services they provide

Ответьте на вопрос:

What refers to outdoor media?

• Commercial buildings and sports stadiums do.

• The sky and airplanes do.

• Billboards and placards do.

• Shops and buses do.

Основной идеей текста является

• There are different technologies of providing information and services to a very large audience.

• Like email on the internet, the top application on mobile is also a personal messaging service.

• The transmission of mass advertising to millions of people is a form of mass communication.

• Mass media are defined as any of the means of communication that reach a very large audience.

Geography

1. Geography as a discipline can be split broadly into two main subfields: human geography and physical geography. The former focuses largely on the built environment and how space is created, viewed and managed by humans as well as the influence humans have on the space they occupy. The latter examines the natural environment and how the climate, vegetation and life, soil, water and landforms are produced and interact. As a result of the two subfields using different approaches a third field has emerged, which is environmental geography.

2. Geographers attempt to understand the earth in terms of physical and spatial relationships. The first geographers focused on the science of mapmaking and finding ways to precisely project the surface of the earth. In this sense, geography bridges some gaps between the natural sciences and social sciences. Historical geography is often taught in a college in a unified Department of Geography.

3. Modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline, closely related to GISc, that seeks to understand humanity and its natural environment. Practitioners of geography use many technologies and methods to collect data such as GIS, remote sensing, aerial photography, statistics, and global positioning systems (GPS).

Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.

• The first geographers were looking for the ways of the earth’s surface precise projection.

• The first geographers’ task was cartography. ?

• The first geographers’ task was to instruct navigators.

• The first geographers’ task was to discover new lands.

Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.

Physical geography studies

• the interaction of natural phenomena

• the mapmaking

• the origin of natural resources

• global positioning systems

Ответьте на вопрос

What are the sources of environmental geography?

• They are historical geography and modern geography.

• They are physical geography and modern geography.

• They are human geography and physical geography.

• They are human geography and modern geography.

Определите основную идею текста.

• Geography uses new technologies and methods to collect data.

• Geography and its subfields study both natural and social aspects of the world.

• Geography is the source of natural sciences and social sciences.

• Geography attempts to understand the earth in terms of physical and spatial relationships.