- •Английский язык
- •Unit 1 Text a
- •1. Read and translate the text a.
- •Information systems
- •2. Read and learn the following words and expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Fill in prepositions if necessary. Translate these sentences into Russian.
- •5. What do these abbreviations mean?
- •2. Read and learn the following words and expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Point out which of these sentences do not contain information from the text. Translate these sentences into Russian.
- •6. Retell the text. Text c
- •1. Read and translate the text c.
- •Unit 2 text a
- •1. Read and translate the text a.
- •Operating system and membrane
- •Examples of operating systems
- •2. Read and learn the following words and expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. What parts of speech do the following words belong to? Translate these words into Russian.
- •5. Use the following words and expressions in your own sentences.
- •6. Fill in prepositions if necessary.
- •7. Retell the text. Text b
- •1. Read and translate the text b.
- •List of Operating Systems
- •Windows 8
- •Windows xp
- •2. Speak about the operating systems given in the text.
- •2. Read and learn the following words and expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Find the English equivalents.
- •5. Fill in the blanks.
- •6. Make sentences out of the two parts.
- •7. Give the summary of the text. Text b
- •1. Read and translate the text b.
- •Major Features of a dbms
- •Interactive Query
- •Interactive Data Entry and Updating
- •Database Design
- •Hierarchical, Network & Relational
- •2. Read and learn the following words and expressions.
- •3. Discuss major features of a dbms.
- •Digital library
- •Data Warehousing
- •Data Mining
- •Unit 4 text a Building a Content Rich Website
- •1. Read and translate the text a.
- •Interactive Content
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •Information regarding website articles
- •1. Read and translate the text c.
- •Unit 5 text a
- •1. Read and translate the text a.
- •2. Read and learn the following words and expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Answer the following questions to the text.
Unit 2 text a
1. Read and translate the text a.
Operating system and membrane
An operating system (OS) is a set of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application codes usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found on almost any device that contains a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone, and IBM z/OS. All these, except Windows and z/OS, share roots in UNIX.
Examples of operating systems
UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems
Ken Thompson wrote B, mainly based on BCPL, which he used to write UNIX, based on his experience in the MULTICS project. В was replaced by C, and Unix developed into a large, complex family of interrelated operating systems which have been influential in every modern operating system.
The UNIX-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several major sub-categories including System V, BSD, and GNU/Linux. The name “UNIX” is a trademark of The Open Group which licenses it for use with any operating system that has been shown to conform to their definitions. “UNIX-like” is commonly used to refer to the large set of operating systems which resemble the original UNIX.
BSD and its descendants
A subgroup of the UNIX family is the Berkeley Software Distribution family, which includes FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, PC-BSD. These operating systems are most commonly found on web servers, although they can also function as a personal computer OS. The Internet owes much of its existence to BSD, as many of the protocols now commonly used by computers to connect, send and receive data over a network were widely implemented and refined in BSD. The World Wide Web was also first demonstrated on a number of computers running an OS based on BSD called Next Step.
Mac OS X
Mac OS X is a line of open core graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. Mac OS X is the successor to the original Mac OS, which had been Apple’s primary operating system since 1984. Unlike its predecessor, Mac OS X is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT through the second half of the 1980s and up until Apple purchased the company in early 1997.
The operating system was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0, with a desktop-oriented version (Mac OSX v10.0 “Cheetah”) following in March 2001. Since then, six more distinct “client” and “server” editions of Mac OS x have been released, the most recent being OS X 10.8 “Mountain Lion”, which was first made available on February 16, 2012 for developers, and to be released to the public late summer 2012. Releases of Mac OS x are named after big cats.
Linux and GNU
Linux (or GNU/Linux) is a Unix-like operating system that was developed without any actual UNIX code, unlike BSD and its variants. Linux can be used on a wide range of devices from supercomputers to wristwatches. The Linux kernel is released under an open source license, so anyone can read and modify its code. It has been modified to run on a large variety of electronics. Although estimates suggest that Linux is used on 1.82% of all personal computers, it has been widely adopted for use in servers and embedded systems (such as cell phones). Linux has superseded Unix in most places, and is used on the 10 most powerful supercomputers in the world. The Linux kernel is used in some popular distributions, such as Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Google’s Android.
Google Chrome OS
Chrome is an operating system based on the Linux kernel and designed by Google. Since Chrome OS targets computer users who spend most of their time on the Internet, it is mainly a web browser with no ability to run applications. It relies on Internet applications (or Web apps) used in the web browser to accomplish tasks such as word processing and media viewing, as well as online storage for storing most files.