3D Game Programming All In One (2004)

798Index

onDataBlocksDone() function, 216 onDrop() function, 215 onEnterTrigger event, 621 OnEscape method, 655

OnExit() function, 140 onFileChunkReceived() function, 216 onGhostAlwaysObjectReceived() function, 216 onGhostAlwaysStarted() function, 217 onLeaveTrigger event, 621

online cheating, fighting against, 209 OnMissionDownloadPhase function, 265 OnMissionEnded function, 258 OnMissionLoaded function, 179, 258 onMount method, 614

OnServerCreated function, 178, 258, 595, 620 OnServerDestroyed function, 258 onServerQueryStatus method, 650 OnStart() function, 140, 231

onStart() function, 159 onTickTrigger event, 621 OnWake method, 642

OOP (object-oriented programming), 47 Opacity controls (Paint Brush tool), 295

Open command (File menu)

Audacity tool, 546 MilkShape, 392

open files, Find in Files feature, 38 Open method, 654

Open Mission command (Mission Editor File menu), 588

OpenAL open-source audio API, 550 OpenALInitDriver() function, 706 OpenALShutdownDriver() function, 706 OpenGL, advantages/disadvantages, 10 operands, 72

Operate On Selected Joints Only command (MilkShape Animate menu), 394

operating systems, 8–11 operators

AND, 73 arithmetic, 63 decrement, 62 increment, 62 list of, 60–61

postdecrement, 62 postincrement, 62 relational, 72

option flags (MilkShape special materials),

461–462

order of evaluation, 62 orientAdvances property, 600

orientation planar mapping option, 411 orientOnVelocity property, 600 orientParticles property, 600

Other Settings option (Torque Game Engine (DTS) Exporter dialog box), 460

OuterChatFrame control, 639 overrideAdvances property, 600 Oxford Dynamics Web site, 746

P

package keyword, 736 packages, 132

packet loss, 28

Paint Brush tool (Paint Shop Pro), 294–296 Paint Material function, 537

Paint Shop Pro

Add Noise dialog box, 286 Airbrush tool, 296–297, 517 alpha channels, 288

Auto Proof button, 280

bitmap versus vector images, 288–289 Clone Brush tool, 297–298

Color dialog box, 280 Crop tool, 356 Eraser tool, 298

file types, 285–288 Fill tool, 516–517

Freehand Selection tool, 300 installing, 279

Layer palette, 291–294 Materials palette, 290–291 New Image dialog box, 279 Paint Brush tool, 294–296 Selection tool, 299

sidewalk texture example, 281–283 texture files, saving, 284–285 wooden texture example, 279–281

PanoramaScreenShot() function, 706 parameters

buddycount, 229 buddylist, 229 filterflags, 229 flags, 228 functions, 71

functions without, 70 gtype, 228

Team LRN

maxbots, 228 maxplayers, 228 mincpu, 228 minplayers, 228 mtype, 228 nothing, 229 passing, 71 ping, 228

port, 228 region, 228

parent controls, 346 ParseArgs function, 138, 230 ParticleData property, 601

ParticleEmitterData properties, 600 ParticleNodeData property, 599 particles

emitters, 604 examples of, 594 freestanding, 595

ParticleData property, 601 ParticleEmitterData properties, 600 ParticleEmitterNode properties, 599 particles property, 600

passing parameters, 71

Paste command

Edit menu, 588 File menu, 547

Paste Keyframes command (MilkShape Animate menu), 394

pathOnMissionLoadDone() function, 707 patterned textures, 362

patterns, search capabilities, 36 PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), 8 pebbled textures, 361

percent sign (%), 54 percentage property, 532

periodVarianceMS property, 600 PermDisableMouse() function, 707 Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), 8 perspective, skyboxes, 518

Phaser command (Audacity File menu), 549 phiReferenceVel property, 600

phiVariance property, 600 phong maps, 100 photography

color matching, 354–355 lighting, 355 postprocessing, 353–354

Index 799

PhysicalZone class, 732 pictoral skyboxes, 514 ping parameter, 228 pipe operator (|), 61 pixel shaders, 101

Planar unwrapping method, 409, 411 PlanetTribes Web site, 742

plastic textures, 362–363 platforms, 8–11

cross-platform software, disadvantages, 11 platform layer, Torque Game Engine, 23

Play button (Audacity tool), 541 play testing, 661

Play tool (Audacity toolbar), 543 playback controls (Keyframer tool), 404 PlayDemo() function, 707

Player class, 732

player event control triggers, 210–211 player skin example

clothing, 329–332 hair texture, 327–328 hands, 329

head and neck, 322–326

PlayerKeymap, 174 PlayerSpawns property, 610 PlayJournal() function, 707 PlayStation, 8

Plot Spectrum command (Audacity View menu),

547

plug-ins, MilkShape 3D, 395–396

Plug-Ins command (MilkShape Tools menu), 395 plus sign (+), 56

PNG (Portable Network Graphics), 285–288 Point Size option (Preferences dialog box), 405 PolyCount Web site, 747

polygons discussed, 94

incremental polygon construction, 415–416 port parameter, 228

Portable Network Graphics (PNG), 285–288 Portal brush (Torque Map Editor, QuArK), 510 portals, 509

PortInit function, 240 position property, 519 postdecrement operators, 62 postincrement operators, 62

postprocessing, photography, 353–354 precedence, evaluation, 56

Team LRN

800Index

Precipitation class, 732 predication strategies, 28 Prefabland Web site, 747

Preferences command (MilkShape File menu), 392 Preferences dialog box (MilkShape 3D), 404–406 presets, 159

PrevResolution() function, 707 primitive shapes, 92, 385, 415 problem decomposition, 66 problem solving techniques, 83–87 Profile class, 25

profile property, 340 ProfilerDump() function, 708 ProfilerDumpToFile() function, 708 ProfilerEnable() function, 708

ProfilerMarkerEnable() function, 708 profiles

creating and programming sound, 550–555 defined, 163

sizing properties, 164 program setup, UltraEdit-32, 32

Programmers Haven Web site, 747 programming editing tools, 751 programming editors, 31 programming languages

defined, 45

high-level languages, 47 programs. See also scripts

animation example, 115–117 arrays, 56–58

audio example, 119–121 campfire effects, 595–598

ChatBox interface, 637–639, 650–652 client modules

Canvas module, 259–260 messages module, 266–267 mission module, 261–262

missiondownload module, 263–265 ClientConnection module, 251–255

control/client/client.cs modules, 160–164 control/client/interfaces/playerinterface.gui

module, 165–168 control/client/interfaces/splashscreen.gui

module, 169 control/client/misc/presetkeys.cs module,

171–174

control/client/misc/screens.cs module, 169–171 control/client.cs module, 144–148 control/main.cs module, 159

control/player.cs module, 152–153 control/server/misc/item.cs, 197–201 control/server/players/player.cs, 180–183 control/server/server.cs, 175–178 control/server/weapons/crossbow.cs, 190–197 control/server/weapons/weapon.cs, 186–188 control/server.cs module, 149–151 debugging and problem solving techniques,

83–86

FindServer interface, 648–650 function examples, 67–69 Hello Word example, 49–51 if-else statements, 77–78 initialization, 235–240

initialization functions, 141–143 koob utility, 555–558

main.cs module, 139–140

MessageBox interface, 640–641, 653–654 missiondownload module, 247–249 missload module, 242–245

movement, 107–108 nested if statements, 79–80 rain effects, 531–532

root main modules, 134–137 rotation example, 111–113 scaling example, 113–114 servers, finding

code module, 225–229 interface module, 219–224

sound

environmental, 578–579 footstep sounds, 561–563 interface, 578–579 musical, 581–582 utterances, 563–564, 566 vehicle sounds, 573–578 weapon sounds, 566–568

storm effects, 524–528 switch statements, 81–82 water block effects, 533–534 waterfall effects, 602–604

project files, Find in Files feature, 38 Project menu (Audacity tool), 545, 548 Project Setup dialog box, 35

projects, setting up, UltraEdit-32, 32 properties

altCommand, 642 animateTexture, 601 animTexName, 601

Team LRN

Index 801

AudioDescription, 561 AudioProfile, 561 bitmap, 164

bottom, 164 buttonType, 164 center, 164 childMargin, 343 clipColumnText, 344 colors, 601

columns, 344 command, 164, 340, 634

constantAcceleration, 601 constantThumbHeight, 225, 343 datablock, 530, 599 defaultLineHeight, 343 DepthGradient, 535 description, 552 DistortGridScale, 535 DistortMag/DistortTime, 535 dragCoefficient, 601 ejectionPeriodMS, 600 ejectionVelocity, 600

Emaga4, 154

Emaga5, 184 emitter, 599 enumerate, 344

envMapIntensity, 535 envMapOverTexture, 535 envMapUnderTexture, 535 escapeCommand, 642, 655 extent, 164, 338, 652 fadeColor, 530 fitParentWidth, 344 FlowAngle/FlowRate, 535 gravityCoefficient, 601 GuiContentProfile, 163 hardImpactSound, 576 height, 164

horizSizing, 164 hScrollBar, 225, 343 inheritedValFactor, 601 isLooping, 551

left, 164

lifetimeMS, 600–601 lifetimeVarianceMS, 600–601 MaterialList, 519 maxLength, 340 maxVelocity, 532

MinAlpha/MaxAlpha, 535 minExtent, 338 minVelocity, 532 noRenderBans, 520 OffsetSpeed, 532 orientOnVelocity, 600 orientParticles, 600 overrideAdvances, 600 ParticleData, 601 ParticleEmitterData, 600 ParticleEmitterNode, 599 ParticleNodeData, 599 particles, 600

percentage, 532 periodVarianceMS, 600 phiReferenceVel, 600 phiVariance, 600 PlayerSpawns, 610 position, 519

profile, 340 relative, 164 resizeCell, 344 right, 164 rotation, 520 scale, 519 ShoreDepth, 535 ShoreTexture, 535

sinkAllKeyEvents, 345 sizes, 601

sizeX, 531 sizeY, 531 sizing, 164

softImpactSound, 576 soundButtonDown, 580 soundButtonOver, 580 spinRandomMax, 601 spinRandomMin, 601 spinSpeed, 601 surfaceOpacity, 535 SurfaceParallex, 535 surfaceTexture, 535 TessSurface/TessShore, 535 textureName, 601 thetaMax, 600

thetaMin, 600 timeMultiple, 599 times, 601

top, 164

Team LRN

802 Index

type, 551 UseDeptMask, 535 useEmitterColors, 600 useEmitterSizes, 600 useInvAlpha, 601 variable, 341, 344 velocity, 599 vertSizing, 164 visible, 339 visibleDistance, 520 volume, 551 vScrollBar, 225, 343

WheeledVehicleData, 618–619 width, 164

willFirstRespond, 225 windCoefficient, 601 windEffectPrecipitation, 521 windVelocity, 521

Property Selector option (Preferences dialog box),

405 pseudo-handler, 268

Psionic 3D Design Web site, 747 PurgeResources() function, 708 push buttons, GUI, 335

Push method, 171 puzzle games, 5–6

Q

Quake 3, 17

Quake III Arena command (MilkShape Tools menu), 395

QuArK

configuration, 500–501 installing, 500

map2dif reference, 767–768 Torque map, 501–502 Torque Map Editor

Cube brush, 505, 508 Portal brush, 510 Roadbed brush, 506 Subtraction brush, 509

Torque settings for, 503

Query method, 650 QueryLANServers parameters, 228 QueryMasterServer() function, 709 QueryStatus function, 225

Quick Mix command (Audacity Project menu), 548

Quick Record macro, UltraEdit-32, 43 Quit() function, 709

R

radio buttons, GUI, 335, 341 rain effects, 531–532

raster images, 288–289 raster layers, 291 ray-casting, 98 readability, improving, 86

Real-Time Strategy (RTS) genre, 7 Realm Wars Development Web site, 742 Record button (Audacity tool), 540–541 recording

Quick Record macro, 43

Standard macros, UltraEdit-32, 43–44 recoverDelay property, 184 recoverRunForceScale property, 184 rectangular coordinates, 95

Red Hat Linux distribution, 11 RedbookClose() function, 710 RedbookGetDeviceCount() function, 710 RedbookGetDeviceName() function, 710 RedbookGetLastError() function, 710 RedbookGetTrackCount() function, 710 RedbookGetVolume() function, 711 RedbookOpen() function, 711 RedbookPlay() function, 711 RedbookSetVolume() function, 711 RedbookStop() function, 711

Redo command (Edit menu)

Audacity tool, 547 MilkShape, 392 Mission Editor, 588

Redraw All Viewports button (MilkShape Model tab), 400

ReferenceDistance function, 564 reflective textures, 362

region parameter, 228 regression, testing, 660

Regroup button (MilkShape Groups tab), 401 regular expressions, 39

relational operators, 72 relative property, 164

Relight Scene command (Mission Editor Edit menu), 588

Remove All Keyframes command (MilkShape Animate menu), 394

Team LRN

Remove Track(s) command (Audacity Project menu), 548

RemoveField() function, 712 RemoveRecord() function, 712 RemoveTaggedString() function, 712 RemoveWork() function, 712 removing bookmarks, 42

Rename Button & Box button (MilkShape),

402–403

Rename button (MilkShape Groups tab), 401 renderFirstPerson property, 154, 184 rendering

bump mapping, 101–102 environment mapping, 102 flat shading, 99

gourand shading, 99–100 lambert shading, 99 mipmapping, 102 overview, 98

phong shading, 100 ray-casting, 98 shader programs, 101 texture mapping, 101 textured polygon, 16

repairRate property, 184 Replace dialog box, 37

requirements specification, game design, 584–585 Reset Transforms command (World menu), 590 ResetLighting() function, 712

ResetMission function, 246, 258 ResetServer function, 241 resizeCell property, 344

resource manager, Torque Game Engine, 25 RestWords() function, 713

retail games, 2 retail tools, 752–754

return character (\r), 124 return keyword, 54, 736 return statement, 71

return values, functions without, 70–71 Reverse command (Audacity File menu), 549

Reverse Vertex Order command (MilkShape Face menu), 394

rigging, character animation, 444 right-handed coordinate system, 90 right property, 164

right side view, MilkShape 3D, 382 Rigid Multifractal function, 537

Index 803

Roadbed brush (Torque Map Editor, QuArK), 506 rock textures, 276

rocks, creating, 481–482 role-playing games (RPGs), 4 roll-pitch-yaw approach, rotation, 96

root animation sequence, torque-supported, 444 root main modules, 129–130, 134–137

Rotate button (MilkShape Model tab), 399 Rotate command (UVMapper Edit menu), 408 rotation, 606

images, 304–305

program example, 111–113 roll-pitch-yaw approach, 96

rotation cylindrical mapping option, 412 rotation property, 520

rotation spherical mapping option, 413 setTransform() method, 111

rough textures, 361

RPGs (role-playing games), 4–5 Rtrim() function, 713

RTS (Real-Time Strategy) genre, 7

run animation sequence, torque-supported, 444, 452–454

runEnergyDrain property, 184 runForce property, 184 runSurfaceAngle property, 154, 184

S

sample rates (Audacity tool), 544

Save As command (MilkShape File menu), 392 Save As File command (File menu), 507

Save command (MilkShape File menu), 392

Save Mission As command (Mission Editor File menu), 588

Save Mission command (Mission Editor File menu), 588

Save Model command (File menu), 387, 407

Save Project As command (Audacity File menu),

546

Save Project command (Audacity File menu), 546

Save Texture Map command (UVMapper File menu), 407

SaveJournal() function, 713 saving

layers, 294

texture files, 284–285

Scale button (MilkShape Model tab), 399 scale property, 519

Team LRN

804Index

scale result box mapping option, 411

scale result cylindrical cap mapping option, 412 scale result cylindrical mapping option, 412 scale result planar mapping option, 411

scale result spherical mapping option, 413 Scale tool (MilkShape), 493

scales, bump mapping, 101 scaling

images, 303–304 objects, 606 overview, 96

program example, 113–114 textures and, 358–359

scene graphs, 103–104 SceneLightingComplete function, 265 SceneObject class, 732

Schedule() function, 115, 178–179, 713 schedule method, 562

scope prefixes, 48 scoring

CheckProgress method, 624 coins, 625–627

deaths, tracking, 628–629 DoScore method, 624

laps and checkpoints, 622–625

scoutroot animation sequence, torque-supported,

444

ScreenShot() function, 713 scripts. See also programs

TGE (Torque Game Engine) language overview, 123, 134

strings, 124

Torque script code fragment example, 17–19 scroll bar widgets, 336

scroll properties, 224–225 scrollbars, 342–343

SDTS (Special Data Transfer Standard), 367 seamless textures, 397

search capabilities

UltraEdit-32, 35–37 Unix-stytle syntax, 40–41

SelAssigned button (MilkShape Joints tab), 403

Select All command (Edit menu)

MilkShape, 392 Mission Editor, 588

Select button (MilkShape), 399, 401

Select By command (UVMapper Edit menu), 408 Select command (UVMapper Edit menu), 408

Select function, 537

Select Invert command (MilkShape Edit menu),

392

Select None command (Edit menu)

MilkShape, 392 Mission Editor, 588

Selection tool

Audacity toolbar, 543 Paint Shop Pro, 299

semicolon (;), 52 SendMacro() function, 206 seqmented-mesh models, 417

sequence materials, animation, 457–458 sequences, animation, 463

server control modules control/server/misc/item.cs, 197–202 control/server/players/player.cs, 180–186 control/server/server.cs, 175–180 control/server/weapons/crossbow.cs, 190–197 control/server/weapons/weapon.cs, 186–190

server modules discussed, 240–241

functions, list of, 270–272 Game module, 256–258 message module, 241–242

missiondownload module, 246–250 missionload, 242–246

server versus client design issues, 132–133 ServerMessage function, 268 serverPlay3D function, 560, 562

servers

dedicated, 230–232, 662 finding

code module, 225–229 InitializeClient function, 217–218 interface module, 218–223

hosted, 661–662 master, 217

ServerScreen class, 642 Set Empty function, 537 Set Height function, 537

Set Keyframe command (MilkShape Animate menu), 394

setActionThread method, 615 SetDefaultFov() function, 714 SetDisplayDevice() function, 714 SetEchoFileLoads() function, 714 SetField() function, 714

Team LRN

SetFov() function, 715 SetFSAA() function, 715 SetImageTrigger method, 629

SetInteriorFocusedDebug() function, 715 SetInteriorRenderMode() function, 715 setLagIcon() function, 215

SetLogMode() function, 715 SetModPaths() function, 716 SetNetPort() function, 716 SetNPatch() function, 716 SetOpenGLAnisotropy() function, 716

SetOpenGLInteriorMipReduction() function, 716 SetOpenGLMipReduction() function, 717 SetOpenGLSkyMipReduction() function, 717

SetOpenGLTextureCompressionHint() function,

717

SetRandomSeed() function, 717 SetRecord() function, 717 SetResolution() function, 718 SetScreenMode() function, 718 SetServerInfo() function, 718 SetShadowDetailLevel() function, 718

Settings command (UVMapper Edit menu), 408 setTransform() method, 111

SetVerticalSync() function, 718 SetWord() function, 719 SetZoomSpeed() function, 719 shade maps, 100

shader programs pixel shaders, 101 vertex shaders, 101

shading

flat, 99, 469 gourand, 99–100 high-contrasting, 351 lambert, 99

phong, 100 smooth, 469

Shape controls (Paint Brush tool), 295 shape primitives, character models, 415 ShapeBase class, 732

ShapeBaseData class, 734 ShapeBaseImageData function, 570 shapeFile property, 154, 184 shapes

backfaces, 95

cylinders, MilkShape 3D, 384–386 as dynamic objects, 104

Index 805

edges, 94 mesh, 94

MoveShape() function, 109, 117 polygons, 94

primitives, 92, 385

sphere model example, 94 surfaces, 94

TestShape() function, 109 topographical shape mapping, 417 Torque Game Engine, 27

shareware and freeware tools, 750–752 shift-clicking, 346, 591

ShoreDepth property, 535 ShoreTexture property, 535 shortcut keys, Audacity menus, 550

Show Keyframer command (MilkShape Window menu), 397

Show Message Window command (MilkShape Window menu), 397

Show Model command (MilkShape Tools menu),

395

Show Selection command (World menu), 590

Show Viewport Caption command (MilkShape Window menu), 397

ShowMenuScreen() function, 161

side animation sequence, torque-supported, 444 sidewalk textures, 281–283

Silence command (Audacity File menu), 547

SimCity series, 8

simple direct movement, translation, 105–106 SimpleNetObject class, 734

simulation

latency problems, 28 Torque Game Engine, 24

simulator games overview, 6

strategic simulations, 8 single-quoted strings, 124 sinkAllKeyEvents property, 345 Sinus function, 537

sites. See Web sites

sitting animation sequence, torque-supported, 445 size

of images, changing, 305 terrains, 377

Size controls (Paint Brush tool), 295 sizes property, 601

sizeX property, 531

Team LRN

806Index

sizeY property, 531 sizing properties, 164 skeletal animation

bone movement, 446 death animation, 455–457

head attachments, 447–448, 454–455 hero rigging, 451

idle animation, 451–452 look animation, 455 run animation, 452–454

sequence materials, 457–458 torso attachment, 448–450 sketches, vehicle models, 466–467

skins. See also textures character modeling, 438–443 creation process, 310–311 discussed, 20

gun creation, 494–495 player skin example

clothing, 329–332 hair texture, 327–328 hands, 329

head and neck, 322–326 soup can example, 311–315 UV unwrapping, 309–310 vehicle example, 316–321, 476

Sky class, 734

sky textures, 276–277 skyboxes

cloud layers, 521–523 discussed, 513 distorted images, 515 exploded, 514

fog, 523

images, creating, 516–518 perspective, adjusting, 518 pictoral, 514

storms

lightning, 529–531 materials, 528–529 perfect storms, 532–533 rain effects, 531–532 sound effects, 524–528

Slackware Linux distribution, 11 sliders, GUI, 335

Slowest to Fastest command (Mission Editor Camera menu), 589

smoke effects, campfire effects, 595–598

Smooth All command (MilkShape Face menu),

394

Smooth function, 537 smooth shading, 469 smooth textures, 361 Smooth Water function, 537 Smoothing function, 537

Smoothing Group Auto Smooth button (MilkShape Groups tab), 401

Smoothing Group Clear All button (MilkShape Groups tab), 401

Smoothing Group Numbers button (MilkShape Groups tab), 401

Smoothing Groups Assign button (MilkShape Groups tab), 401

Smoothing Groups Select button (MilkShape Groups tab), 401

Snap To Grid command (MilkShape Vertex menu), 393

Snap Together command (MilkShape Vertex menu), 393

Soft Focus dialog box, 314 SoftImpactSound command, 619 softImpactSound property, 576 SoftImpactSpeed command, 618 software, cross-platform, 11 solid trees, creating, 485–488 Solo tool (Audacity tool), 544 SoloPlay interface, 743–735, 743 sound. See also audio

Audacity tool

commands, shortcut keys to, 550 Edit menu, 545, 547

Effect menu, 545, 549 File menu, 545–546 installing, 540

main screen, 542–543 Play button, 541 Project menu, 545, 548 Record button, 540–541 sample rates, 544 toolbar tools, 543

Track Panel tools, 544 Track Types tool, 544 View menu, 545, 547 volume control, 541

client-only sounds, 560 datablocks and profiles, 550–555 discussed, 20

Team LRN

environmental, 578–579 footsteps, 560–563

gunshot sound-effect waveform, 21 hardImpactSound property, 576 idle engine, 576

interface, 578–579 koob utility, 555–558 musical, 580–582

OpenAL open-source audio, 550 softImpactSound property, 576 soundButtonDown property, 580 soundButtonOver property, 580 storm effects, 524–528 utterances, 563–565

vehicle sounds, 572–578 weapon sounds, 565–572 world sounds, 559

SourceForge.net Web site, 747 SpamAlert function, 242 SpamMessageTimeout method, 242 spamming, 242

spawn point system, 609 SpawnPlayer method, 151

special characters, in find function, 37 Special Data Transfer Standard (SDTS), 367 special materials (MilkShape), 460–463

Specular & Specular Slider button (MilkShape Materials tab), 402

speedDamageScale property, 184

Sphere button (MilkShape Model tab), 399 sphere model example, 94

Sphere tool (MilkShape), 481 Spherical unwrapping method, 413 spinRandomMax property, 601 spinRandomMin property, 601 spinSpeed property, 601

Split command (Audacity File menu), 547 split planar mapping option, 411

spread facets at poles cap mapping option, 412 spread facets at poles spherical mapping option,

413

spread of terrains, 366 SquealSound command, 619

Standard macro, UltraEdit-32, 43–44 standard strings, 124

StartGame function, 178 StartHeartbeat() function, 719 StartRecording() function, 719

Index 807

state handlers, 570 state machine, 565 statements

assigned, 52 compound, 52 defined, 52

if

nested if statements, 79–80 overview, 75–76

if-else, 76–79 return, 71 switch, 81–82

StaticShape class, 735

Statistics command (UVMapper Help menu), 408 Step control (Paint Brush tool), 295

stone textures, 275, 359

Stop tool (Audacity tool), 543 StopHeartbeat() function, 719 StopRecording() function, 720 StopServerQuery() function, 720 storms

lightning, 529–531 materials, 528–529

perfect storm effects, 532–533 rain effects, 531–532

sound effects, 524–528 straight lines, creating, 294 strategy games, 7–8 Strchr() function, 720 Strcmp() function, 720–721 string constant token, 737 strings

assignment operators, 59 concatenation operators, 59 defined, 59

double-quoted, 124 null, 255 single-quoted, 124 standard, 124 tagged, 60, 124

Stripchars() function, 721 StripMLControlChars() function, 721 StripTrailingSpaces() function, 721 Strlen() function, 721

Strlwr() function, 722 Strpos() function, 722 Strreplace() function, 722 Strstr() function, 722

Team LRN