Преподаватели секции английского языка Грамматика для общения (английский язык)

1.They told Pete.

2.I wrote to my friend.

3.We helped our neighbours.

4.Something happened.

5.Tina phoned someone.

6.She posted my letter yesterday.

IV. Make up general questions in the Past Simple. Give short answers.

Example: Did you go out last night? - Yes, I did. or No, I didn’t.

1.you / go out / last night?

2.you / play / tennis yesterday?

3.she / lock / the door before she left?

4.you / study / last weekend?

5.you / have /a haircut last week?

6.he / travel / first class in the summer?

PAST CONTINUOUS

I. Make up sentences using when. Use the verbs in the Past Continuous or the Past Simple.

Example: I burnt myself when I was cooking the dinner. (1 – c)

1.I (burn) myself

2.I (break) a cup

3.My car (break down)

4.I (see) a shark

5.My clothes (get) dirty

6.I (break) a tooth

a.I (drive ) to work b. I (eat) a sandwich

c.I (cook) the dinner d. I (do) the washing up

e.I (swim) in the sea

f. I (clean) the attic

II. Use the verbs in the Past Simple or Past Continuous.

Example: When she came (come) into the room I was writing (write) a letter. When my car broke down (break down) I phoned (phone) a garage.

1.We _____(go) down in the lift when suddenly it ______ (stop).

2._____(they / have) dinner when you _____(call) to see them?

3.When the doorbell _____(ring), I _____(get) up and ______(answer) it.

4.When I _____(open) the door, a friend ______(stand) there.

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5.“When I ____(arrive) back at the car park, my car wasn’t there!” – “Oh, no! What _____(you / do)?” “I _____(report) it to the police.”

6.When John _____(be) ready, we _____(go) to the cinema.

Compare:
I was driving along the street	when I saw a fire.
Я ехал по улице,	когда/в то время, когдa я увидел огонь.
( Past Continuous))	(when = at that time)
I telephoned the fire brigade	when I saw the fire.

Я вызвал по телефону пожарную когда /после того,как / я увидел бри-

гаду,	огонь.
(Past Simple)	(when = after)
	FUTURE SIMPLE

I. Make up sentences of future life predictions using will/won’t.

Example: people / eat / more artificial food People will eat more artificial food.

1.the population of the world / be / much bigger

2.scientists / control / the weather

3.people / take / holidays in space

4.many people / not work / at all during their lives

5.people / live / longer

6.life / not be / better than it is now

II. Complete the sentences using I’ll or I won’t and the following verbs: go, answer, not go, put on, fetch, not have, lend, wait.

Example: I’m tired, I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.

1.“I haven’t got any money.” – “Haven’t you? Oh, ______you some if you like.”

2.“The telephone is ringing.” – “Oh, _____it.”

3.I’m a bit cold. I think _____a sweater.

4.“Would you like something to eat?” – “_____anything at the moment, thank you. I’m not very hungry.”

5.“I’m going out for a walk.” – “It’s raining.” – “Oh, is it? Well, _____out now, then, _____until it’s stopped.”

6.“I feel cold” - “I _____your jacket.”

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III. Fill in the blanks using will/won’t and the verbs in brackets.

Example: You drive very well. I’m sure you’ll pass (pass) your driving test tomorrow.

1.Robert has got such a bad memory. Do you think he ______(remember) the appointment?

2.What sort of questions do you think they ______(ask).

3.“How long ______(the meeting / last)?” – “I don’t know exactly, but I’m sure it ______ (not / finish) before lunchtime.”

4.“Who _____(win) on Saturday?” – “Our team ______(win) on Saturday.

5.“______(you / be) at home this evening?” – “No, I’m working tonight and

______(not / get) home until very late.” – “Right. I ______(phone) you tomorrow then.”

6.I ______(not/ answer) John’s letter till I hear from you.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

I. Complete the sentences using will be and –ing forms of the verbs in brackets.

Example: I’ll be going (go) shopping later. Do you want to join me?

1._____(you /speak) to Robert in the next few days? I’ve got a message for him.

2.I ____(not /drive) my car this evening. Do you want to borrow it?

3.We ____(get) some concert tickets for ourselves. Would you like us to get you one?

4.When ____(you / visit) your grandparents again?

5.When ____(you / see) Mr. White?

6.The President (meet) the Prime Minister before flying back home.

NOTE: Compare the Future Simple and the Future Continuous.

Example: Ann will help us to organize the party. Она поможет нам организовать вечеринку. (= она хочет помочь)

Ann will be helping us to organize the party. Она поможет нам организовать вечеринку. (= существует предыдущая договоренность)

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II. Choose the verb and complete the sentences using the Future Simple (will / won’t + infinitive) in one sentence and the Future Continuous (will / won’t + -ing) in the other.

drive go open organize tell try

1.Matsuki _______their first factory in Europe next year. Here, give me the bottle. I ________it for you.

2.Keno _______to win his third gold medal in the next Olympics. I_______to get over to see you, but I’ve got a very busy weekend coming up.

3.Sam _______to the dentist. He simply refuses to make an appointment. I _______to the party, I’m afraid; I have to be in Spain that weekend.

4.“How old is he?” – “I’ve no idea, but I’m sure he _______you if you ask him.”

In this programmer I _______you how to cook duck in a lemon suace.

5.It’s odd to think that this time tomorrow we _______to Madrid.

He _______anywhere without first looking at a road map.

6.I won’t have time to meet you next weekend, I’m afraid. I _______ the school timetable for next year.

Perhaps John _______ the games at the party. I’ll ask him. He’s good at that sort of thing.

NOTE: Compare the Future Continuous and the Present Continuous. We often use these tenses speaking of future plans or arrangements: e.g. We will be leaving / are leaving for Istanbul at 7.00 in the evening. Мы уезжаем в

Стамбул в 7 часов вечера.

But it is better use the Present Continuous when speaking of unexpected or surprising actions or events: e.g. Have you heard the news? Dr. Radford

is leaving! (not …will be leaving). In such sentences both tenses are possible. Remember that the Present Continuous is used only for arrangements.

III. Complete the sentences using necessary verbs or verbs + preposition in the Future Continuous or the Present Continuous: take, need, use, wear, talk, carry out, live, suffer, get , come.

1.Mary Slater ______her work on the radio tonight.

2.A recent UN report has suggested that by the year 2040, 15 per cent of the

world’s population _____malaria.

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3.I’ve got a job in Stockholm so I _______there for the next two years.

4.I can’t believe it. Dave and Sarah _______married.

5.You can have my old boots if you like. Now that I’ve got a new pair I

______them again.

6.The council ______road repairs over the next two days.

7.Most of my family _______to our wedding next month.

8.We have a slight delay because of the poor weather, but we _____off as soon as possible.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

I. A. Complete the story of Silvia about herself. Use the Present Perfect Simple with for or since.

Example: I’m from Switzerland, but I live in London now. I’ve lived (live) here since 1988.

1.I’m a photographer. I work for a sports magazine in London. I _____

(work) there _______ two years.

2.I’m married. My husband’s name is Theo. We _______(be) married

_______1989.

3.Theo works in a bank. He _______(work) there ________three years.

4.We have a flat in north London. We ________(have) the flat ______

last January.

B. Look at Silvia's answers. Make up questions using How long ….?

Example: How long have you worked for the sports magazine?

1.	For two years	3.	Since 1988.	5. For three years
2.	Since 1989.	4.	Since last January.

I. James is telling about his life. Use Past Participle of the verbs in brackets.

I’ve seen (see) a lot of beautiful places in my life, and I’ve _______(do) a lot of interesting things. I’ve _______(travel) in North and South America, for

example. I’ve_______(visit) all the big American cities. I’ve ________

(drive) across Mexico. I haven’t ______(be) to Argentina, but I’ve ______

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(work) in Peru and Bolivia. I’ve _______(stay) in expensive hotels and in very cheap hotels! I’ve ______(swim) in the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean sea. I’ve ______ (write) thousands of postcards to my friends and my family! I’ve _______ (eat) in the best restaurants in Paris, and I’ve _______ (sing) Italian songs in Rome. I’ve _______(have) seven or eight holidays in Spain, and I’ve _______(live) in Portugal. I haven’t

_______ (make) much money in my life, but I’ve ______ (meet) a lot of interesting people and I’ve _______(take) a lot of wonderful photographs!

NOTE: Compare the Perfect Simple and Past Simple. We use the Present Perfect Simple to express unfinished actions and the Past Simple for finished past actions (i.e. the Past Simple expresses an action which happened at a specific time in the past and is now finished).

Example: I’ve lived in Rome for three years. ( = I live in Rome now.)

Я живу в Риме три года.

I lived in Paris for three years. ( = I do not live in Paris now.)

Я жил в Париже три года.

We use Past Simple not Present Perfect Simple if we ask when this event took place.

II. Complete the text using the Present Perfect Simple or the Past Simple.

Film maker David Morris has been (be) interested in the cinema since he

_______(be) a small child. He ______(make) his first film when he

______(be) just twelve years old. He is now almost 40 and he ______(make) 30 films. David loves travelling. His work ______(take) him all over the world. He _______(be) to Africa, India, China, the USA and South Africa. Last year he _______(visit) Russia for the first time. David is married to the singer , Lena Lennox. They ______(be) for ten years. They live with their two children on the Greek island of Crete. They _______(buy) a house on the island in 1987 and they _______(live) there since then.

IV. Ask questions to the text and answer them.

Example: - How long has David been interested in the cinema? - Since he was a small child.

-

1.When ______his first film? – When he was 16.

2.How many films ______? – 30.

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3._______to Russia? – Yes, he has.

4.When _______ there? – He went there last year.

5.When _______David and Helen _______married? – Ten years ago.

6.How long _______on Crete? – Since 1987.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I. Write sentences to the following situations. Use the Present Perfect Continuous and the words for or since.

Example: She started her course a month ago and she is still doing it.

She has been doing her course for a month.

I started reading this novel since last weekend and I’m still reading it. – I have been reading this novel since last weekend.

1.It started raining at 3 o’clock and it is still raining.

2.He started playing chess when he was 10 and still plays it.

3.I started work at 8 o’clock and I’m still working.

4.Helen started looking for another job two months ago and she’s still looking.

5.We arrived here two hours ago and we’re still waiting.

II. Choose the correct verbs from the box and complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect Continuous of the verbs: rain, save, study, read, make, learn, watch, play.

Example: She has been learning Spanish for six months.

1.It _______for hours; the roads are very wet.

2.We ______this game for hours. Let’s stop!

3.Wendy ______French at school for three years.

4.I _______this book for months, but I haven’t finished it yet.

5.We _______this programmer for hours.

6.The people next door _______a lot of noise all day.

7.I _______my money for a holiday.

NOTE: Compare the Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect Continuous. We use the Present Perfect Simple to express finished actions. The Present Perfect Continuous expresses the duration of the action which is still unfinished.

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Example: I’ve done my homework. (= I’ve finished it) - Я выполнил мою домашнюю работу.

I’ve been doing my homework. (= I haven’t finished it yet) – Я вы-

полняю мою домашнюю работу.

III. Choose the correct variant.

Example: Can I have a look at your paper?

Certainly. I’ve been reading / I’ve read it.

1.I’m sorry, but I’ve been breaking / I’ve broken this chair.

2.Sally has been saving / has saved nearly two thousand pounds so far this year.

3.What’s the matter? Have you losing / Have you lost something?

4.I’ve always been working / I’ve always worked in the music industry.

5.Oh! Someone has been eating / has eaten my chocolates.

6.They’ve repairing / They’ve repaired the road all this week, but they haven’t finished it yet.

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

I. Complete the sentences using the verbs in the Past Perfect Simple.

Example: “Why were you so angry when I saw you yesterday?” – “Oh, I’d just had (just /have) a big argument with my parents.”

1.I tried contacting my pen pal when I was in the United States, but she

______(change) her address and no one knew where she ______(move) to.

2.He was very nervous when he first drove in Britain because he ______(not /drive) on the left before.

3.When I heard his voice on the phone, I knew I _____(speak) to him before. Then I remembered I _____(already / meet) him. I also remembered that I

______(not /like) him very much.

NOTE: Compare the Past Perfect Simple and the Past Simple. e.g When Sue arrived, we had had dinner. (=We had dinner, then Sue arrived). – Мы поужинали, а потом пришла Сью).

When Sue arrived, we had dinner. (= Sue arrived, we had dinner. – После того как пришла Сью, мы стали ужинать).

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II. Choose the right form.

Example: Simon wasn’t at home when I phoned. He had gone / went out.

1.Sally was at home when we arrived, but she had gone / went out soon afterwards.

2.When I opened the safe, the money had disappeared / disappeared.

3.Andrew was late for school yesterday. When he got to the classroom, the lesson had started / started.

4.They waited until everyone was ready and then they had started / started the meeting.

5.We got to the cinema at 8.00, but the film had started / started.

6.We got to the cinema at 7.20 and the film had started / started at 7.30.

III. Complete the sentences using one verb in the Past Perfect Simple and the other in the Past Simple.

Example: “Did you catch your train yesterday?” – “No, it had already left (already / leave) when we got (get) to the station.”

1.Andrew _____ (do) the test before, so he _____(find) it very easy.

2.I _____(not /laugh) at the joke because I _____(hear) it before.

3.We _____(leave) the restaurant when we _____(have) dinner.

4.When I found my wallet I _____(discover) that somebody _____(took) the credit cards out of it.

5.John _____(come) round on Sunday, because I ______(promise) to lend him a video.

6.I ______(be) out celebrating last night, because I ______(have) my exam results.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect Continuous..

Example: I’d been standing (stand) there for nearly a half an hour when I realized I was at the wrong bus-stop.

1.Maria’s sister _____(study) at university for eight years before she finally passed her exams.

2.“I’m really sorry I was so late last night.” – “That’s OK. We _____(not

/wait) long.”

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3.The strange thing was that we _____(just /talk) about ghosts when we heard the noise upstairs.

4.“Robert moved from Manchester to London in 1988.” – “How long

_____(he /live) in Manchester?”

5.He _____(drive) without a break for several hours when the accident happened.

6.His eyes were red. I could tell he ______(cry).

II. Make up sentences using the Past Perfect Continuous of the verbs in brackets.

Example: I felt very cold because I had been standing outside for over two hours. (1 –d)

1.	I felt very cold because	a. they were lost.
2.	I (play) tennis so	b. they were very	tired.
3.	The children’s hair was wet because	c. I finally went to see
		the doctor.
4.	I (not /feel) well for weeks before	d. I (stand) outside for over
		two hours.
5.	They (travel) all day so	e. they (swim) in	the sea.
6.	They (drive) for about half an hour	f. I was feeling hot and sticky.
	when they realized

III. A. Read the story.

On Tuesday afternoon, everyone in my family was very busy – except me. During the afternoon Helen repaired her car. John practiced his karate. Kate did some gardening. Stephanie played tennis. Roger swam for half an hour. Pam went horse-riding. Philip painted the ceiling in his room light blue. I spent the afternoon sitting reading.

B. Now answer the questions.

Example: Who had black grease on her hands at teatime? Why?

Helen, because she had been repairing her car.

1.Who had dirt on her hands and knees? Why?

2.Who was wearing a short white skirt? Why?

3.Who was wearing a white jacket and trousers and a black belt? Why?

4.Whose hair had light blue streaks in it? Why?

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