Appendix 1: the terminology

SHOBU HAJIME

Start the Match or Bout

After the announcement, the Referee takes a step back.

ATOSHI BARAKU

A little more time left

An audible signal will be given by the timekeeper 10 seconds before the actual end of the bout and the Referee will announce “Atoshi Baraku”.

YAME

Stop

Interruption, or end of the bout. As he makes the announcement, the Referee makes a downward chopping motion with his hand.

MOTO NO ICHI

Original position

Contestants and Referee return to their starting positions.

TSUZUKETE

Fight on

Resumption of fighting ordered when unauthorised interruption occurs.

an

TSUZUKETE HAJIME

Resume fighting - Begin

The Referee stands in a forward stance. As he says “Tsuzukete” he extends his arms, palms outwards towards the contestants. As he says “Hajime” he turns the palms and brings them rapidly towards one another, at the same time stepping back.

SHUGO

Judges called

The Referee calls the Judges at the end of the match or bout, or to recommend SHIKKAKU.

HANTEI

Decision

Referee calls for a decision at the end of an inconclusive match. After a short blast of the whistle, the Judges render their vote by flag signal and the Referee indicates his own vote by raising his arm.

HIKIWAKE

Draw

In case of a tied bout, the Referee crosses his arms, then extends them with the palms showing to the front.

TORIMASEN

No score or foul rendered by The Referee crosses his arms then makes a cutting the judges motion, palms downward.

AKA (AO) NO KACHI

Red (Blue) wins

The Referee obliquely raises his arm on the side of the winner.

AKA (АО) IPPON

Red (Blue) scores three points The Referee raises his arm up at 45 degrees on the

side of the scorer.

AKA (АО) WAZA-ARI

Red (Blue) scores two points The Referee extends his arm at shoulder level on

the side of the scorer.

АКА (АО) YUKO

Red (Blue) scores one point

The Referee extends his arm downward at 45 degrees on the side of the scorer.

CHUKOKU

KEIKOKU

Warning Warning

The Referee indicates a Category 1 or 2 offence.

The Referee indicates a Category 1 or 2 offence then points with his index finger downwards at 45 degrees in the direction of the offender.

HANSOKU-CHUI

Warning of disqualification

The Referee indicates a Category 1 or 2 offence then points with his index finger horizontally in the direction of the offender.

HANSOKU

Disqualification

The Referee indicates a Category 1 or 2 offence then points with his index finger upwards at 45 degrees in the direction of the offender, and announces a win for the opponent.

JOGAI

Exit from the match area not The Referee points his index finger on the side of caused by the opponent the offender to indicate to the Judges that the

contestant has moved out of the area.

SHIKKAKU

Disqualification “Leave the The Referee points first upwards at 45 degrees in Area” the direction of the offender then motions out and

behind with the announcement “AKA (AO) SHIKKAKU!” He then announces a win for the opponent.

KIKEN

MUBOBI

Renunciation

Self Endangerment

The Referee points downwards at 45 degrees in the direction of the contestant’s starting line.

The Referee touches his face then turning his hand edge forward, moves it back and forth to indicate to the Judges that the contestant endangered himself.