ET / ЕТ / Англійська мова / 2 рік навчання кваліфіковані і після 11 / 20Untitled0

І. Перепишіть пропозиції і перекладіть їх російською мовою, звертаючи увагу на різні значення дієслів should, would.

ВАРИАНТ 20

1. In the future new alloys and synthetic materials should replace the metals we use today.

2. If the voltage increased electrons would acquire an energy high enough to ionize neutral molecules which they collide with.

3. It would be impossible to simplify the production of aluminium without using the electrothermal method.

II. Перепишіть пропозиції і перекладіть їх російською мовою, зважаючи, що інфінітивні і причетні звороти відповідають підрядним реченням.

4. Many sources of X-rays are supposed to exist in the Universe, but the technical difficulties of observing them are great.

5. Having subjected crystals to X-radiation the scientists could obtain materials with special properties.

6. Welded joints were X-rayed to examine the strength of welding.

7. Architects have designed and built houses to be heated by solar radiation.

8. Radioisotopes being produced in atomic reactors, the engineers began to apply them for physical measurements and in radiography.

III. Перепишіть пропозиції і перекладіть їх російською мовою, звертаючи увагу на різні значення виділених слів.

9. Man has recognized that sunlight is a powerful source of energy since ancient times.

10. Hydroelectric energy requires no fuel for electricity is produced from the energy of

falling water.

3. In the field of chemistry lasers are used either for diagnostic purposes or for producing chemical changes.

IV. Прочитайте і усно перекладіть російською мовою з 1-го по 4-ій абзаци тексту. Перепишіть і письмово переведіть 1 і 3-й абзаци.

Пояснения к тексту :

11. sophisticated - ускладнений

12. cell — клітка

13. afflict - страждати

14. de'spite - не дивлячись на ...

15. retina — сітківка

16. storage capacity - об'єм пам'яті

BIOCHEMISTRY

17. The chemistry of life, or "biochemistry" as chemists call it, is an area in which the classical fields of chemistry and biology meet. It can be called "molecular biology". Biochemistry is the study of the structures and reactions ofthe thousands of compounds involved in life process. Biochemistry is considered to be the most complex area of chemistry.

18. Living things represent the most efficient, sophisticated;¹ compact chemical "factories" j ever known. How, for example, do cells^A of the body know when to divide and multiply

into new cells having the same characteristics as the original cells? When the body is afflicted by disease or by a wound how does the body protect itself and repair the damage? We know these processes to involve thousands of different chemical compounds.

19. When we compare the nervous system to man-made electronic computers the efficiency and complexity of the biological systems become even more impressive. Despite great advances in computer technology, the greatest computer ever built is almost insignificant being compared to a human brain weighing little more than a kilogram. A computer can perform mathematical operations millions of times faster than a person, but think of some ofthe things the nervous system can do. For example, it can cause your arm to reach out and touch an object. The brain can translate signals from the retina of the eyes into three dimensional colour images. It can translate a series of frequencies detected by the ear into thoughts whereas a computer can only perform operations being programmed by . a person. As to the storage capacity the brain really wins out. The largest computers have storage capacity of about one million "words" but some experts believe the brain to store up all the signals it receives.

20. The chemical processes of our bodies involve enormously complex sequences of reactions, details of these processes being far from complete understanding. Nevertheless great progress has been made in our understanding ofthe processes that occur in the body.

21. The first half of this century might be termed the Golden Age of Physics because so many discoveries in understanding the structure of molecules, atoms and nuclei were made. By the same virtue we may be in the midst of a Golden Age in Biochemistry. The next few years of research may bring much increased understanding of chemical processes in cells.

V. Прочитайте 5-й абзац тексту і письмово відповідайте на наступне питання: What phenomena are not yet understood in biochemistry?