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Online Library of Liberty: Economics, vol. 2: Modern Economic Problems

doubtless some cases of “parasitic” industries and parasitic employers that now escape their due share of payments for risk, that would have to pay more to cover these risks under an insurance system. The great benefits are that total wages and losses are apportioned economically to the points of maximum utility; that accumulation of capital by and for the wage workers is made regular, automatic, safe, and in great amounts; and that financial aid, physical care, and mental relief from some of the most tragic anxieties of life are given effectively and economically to the masses of the people.

But, as has been indicated in another connection above, it is far from being a matter of indifference, psychologically, where the first, immediate burden of premium payment falls. The persons paying the premiums, in whole or in part, are far more keenly aware of the cost, and alive to reducing and removing the evil conditions. Moreover, their interest is stimulated by the fact that they are the first to gain by any temporary economies, and the more so because of the illusory belief, sure to persist, that they are the ultimate as well as the immediate bearers of the costs.

The development of a complete system of social insurance along these lines promises to do more than any other single measure of practical social reform now under consideration to change the conditions and the outlook of the wage-earning class.

References.

Adams, T. S., and Sumner, H. L., Labor problems. Ch. XII, secs. 6-8. N. Y. Macmillan. 1914.

Commons, J. R., and associates, History of labor in the United States. 2 vols. N. Y. Macmillan. 1918.

Commons and Andrews, Principles of labor legislation in the U. S. Ch. VIII. N. Y. Harper. 1920.

Foerster, R. F., The British national insurance act. Q. J. E., 26. 275-312. 1911-1912.

Frankel, L. K., and Dawson, M. M., Workingmen’s insurance in Europe. Charities pub. com. 1910.

Henderson, C. R., Industrial insurance in the United States. Univ. of Chic. Press. 1909.

Lewis, F. W., State insurance. Bost. Houghton. 1909.

Miller, G. R., Social insurance in the United States. N. Y. McClurg. 1918. Rubinow, I. M., Standards of health insurance. Spectater Co. 1915.

United States Bureau of Labor, Annual reports, 1908, 1909.

Warren, B. S., and Sydenstricker, Edgar, Health insurance. U. S. Pub. Health Supt. of Docs. 1916.

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