- •Introduction
- •Outline
- •PWB Construction
- •PWB/CCA Examples
- •Types of Rigid PWB
- •Types of Flex PWB
- •Footnotes on Flex PWBs
- •PWB Stack-Ups (1 and 2 Layer)
- •Multi-Layer PWBs
- •Exploded View of Multi-Layer PWB
- •Multi-Layer Stack-Up Examples
- •PWB Stack-Up Guidelines
- •PWB Materials
- •PWB Materials
- •PWB Material Examples
- •Dielectric, Common Thickness
- •Copper Options
- •Etch-Back
- •Etch-Back
- •Signal Distribution
- •Single Ended Structure Examples
- •Differential Structure Examples
- •PWB traces as Transmission Lines
- •Characteristic Impedance
- •Trace Impedance
- •Strip-Line & Micro-Strip Impedance
- •Asymmetrical Strip-Line Impedance
- •Impedance Examples
- •Loss
- •Conductor Loss
- •Loss due to Skin Effect & Roughness
- •Time Delay
- •Signal Dispersion
- •Signal Dispersion
- •Signal Dispersion Example
- •Mitigation of Dispersion
- •Coupling
- •Coupling Examples
- •Mitigation of Coupling
- •Differential Pairs
- •Differential Pair Routing Options
- •Differential Impedance Definitions
- •Differential Impedance Examples
- •Field Intensity - 1
- •Field Intensity – 2
- •Field Intensity - 3
- •Field Intensity - 4
- •PWB Pad and Trace Parameters
- •Vias
- •Fine Pitch BGA (FG456) Package
- •Fine Pitch BGA (FG1156) Package
- •Via Parameters
- •Source Terminations
- •Destination Terminations
- •“Intentional” Mismatch Example
- •“Intentional” Mismatch Example
- •Power Distribution Purpose
- •Supply Power Loss Budget
- •DC Loss Model
- •Power Distribution Considerations
- •Plane Capacitance, Inductance, Resistance
- •Capacitor Parameters
- •Capacitor Parameters
- •Capacitor Guidelines
- •Capacitor Mounting Pads
- •Decoupling Examples
- •Trace Width Example
- •References
- •References (continued)
- •Material Suppliers
- •PWB Fabricators
- •Design Tools
Field Intensity - 3
♦As the coupled lines are separated and/or the ground planes are brought closer, less of the electric field is concentrated between the conductors, and more of the field is concentrated between the ground planes and the conductors
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Copyright Telephonics 2002-2005 |
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Field Intensity - 4
♦When coupled lines are far apart, most of the electric field is concentrated between the ground planes and the conductors
- More ground return current
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Copyright Telephonics 2002-2005 |
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PWB Pad and Trace Parametersers
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10 mil |
20 mil |
100 mil |
42 x 42 |
60 x 60 |
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trace |
trace |
trace |
(≈ 0603) |
(≈ 0805) |
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Capacitance |
2.2 pF/in |
3.3pF/in |
11.6pF/in |
0.24 pF |
0.45 pF |
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Inductance |
9.9 nH/in |
7.2 nH/in |
2.4 nH/in |
0.19 nH |
0.21 nH |
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Notes:
1.Copper: 1 oz, electrodeposited, strip-line.
2.FR4 dielectric constant: 4.50, loss tangent 0.025, height 10 mils.
Revision 4 |
Copyright Telephonics 2002-2005 |
53 |
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Vias
♦ Needed to interconnect layers
♦Minimize use
- Introduce discontinuities
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Through Hole |
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(R, L, C)
- “Choke-off” routing
-Perforate Ground/Supply Planes
♦Traditionally implemented with Plated Through Holes (PTHs)
♦Consider Blind, Buried or Micro (4-6 mils) Vias
-Escape routing of high density components
-Additional processing cost can be offset by reduction in layers
Revision 4 |
Copyright Telephonics 2002-2005 |
54 |
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