Ученик по английскому

			Grammar Reference
regions	northern/southern/east-		North/south/east/west
	ern/western	northern	The South of England
	France		the Middle East, the Far East
	Central Europe
islands	one island		Groups of islands
	Corsica		the British Isles
cities, towns	London		the Hague – it is the only city (or
			town) which is used with the definite
			article
mountains	one mountain		Mountain ranges
	Everest		the Alps
lakes	Loch Ness		Groups of lakes
			the Great Lakes
Streets,	Broadway, Oxford street
squares,	Times Square
roads,	Finchley Road
parks	Hyde Park
Oceans			the Atlantic
Seas			the Irish Sea
Canals			the Suez Canal
Channels			the English Channel
Rivers			the Thames
Gulfs			the Gulf of Mexico
Holidays	Christmas, Easter
Names of	beginning with the name of		With of
buildings	a person or a place		The Bank of Moscow
and institu-	Kennedy	Airport,
tions	Buckingham Palace
Hotels,	The names with -s or ‘s		The Rossia, the Hilton Hotel
restaurants,	Selfridges		The Red Lion
pubs	Maxim’s
theatres,			The Art Theatre
cinemas,			The Odeon
museums,			The Fine Arts Museum
galleries			The Tate Gallery
Wars	world wars		The Crimean War
	World War II		The 2d World War
Historical			The Constitution
documents
Newspapers			The Times
Companies	Sony		The Sony company
Magazines	Vogue

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Учебник

Ex. 1. Fill in the gaps with the articles wherever necessary.

1. My brother smokes ... cigars.

2. Is there ... bookshop in this street?

3. ... watchmaker repairs ... watches and ... clocks. 4. There is ... sofa and ... armchair in this room. 5. Mr.Green is ... accountant.

6. Mrs Brown is ... architect; her two brothers are ... engineers. 7. Which would you like: ... apple or ... orange?

8. Which would you like: ... apples or ... oranges? 9. Please give me ... pen and ... coloured pencils. 10. Is there ... e-mail for me?

11. What ... strange woman!

12. What ... interesting reports!

13. Has ... postman come yet?

14. I am expecting ... telegram from my father. 15. ... captain ordered ... crew to unload ... vessel. 16. My sister can drive ... car.

17. I borrowed ... interesting book from our library. ... librarian said that I could only keep it for ... week as ... teacher of French also wanted it.

18. How can you say such ... things?

19. There is ... meeting in ... conference hall today.

20. There is ... brown book and ... white book on ... table in ... dining room. Will you bring me ... brown one, please?

21. Can you tell me how to get to ... cinema? Go straight down ...

street as far as ... bridge. Then turn to … left and you will see ... large grey building. That is ... cinema.

22. ... department store is ... shop where all kinds of ... things are sold. 23. I want to write ... letter to … my sister.

24. How brilliantly ... stars are shining!

25. ... high stone wall separated ... house from ... road. 26. He asked ... teacher ... question.

27. ... door opened and ... man entered ... room. He was ... man of about 30.

28. ... lion is ... large powerful animal.

29. There are many schools for ... blind in Britain.

30.My friend’s father is in … hospital, so we went to visit him … last

night.

31.When you go to … shop, please buy … bottle of milk and … 5 kilos of … potatoes.

32.… chair that he is sitting on is broken.

33.We must visit … British Museum when we are in … London.

34.…Ben Nevis is … highest mountain in … United Kingdom, it is situated in … Scotland.

35…. North of … England is colder than … South.

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Grammar Reference

Ex. 2. Read the jokes and explain the use or the absence of articles. 1.

A farmer who went to a large city to see the sights rented a room at a hotel and before going to bed asked the clerk at what time the meals were served.

“We serve breakfast from 7 to 11, lunch from 12 to 15 and dinner from 18 to 20”, explained the clerk.

“Look here,” asked the farmer in surprise, “When am I going to see the city?”

2.

When White had finished a portrait of a well-known singer, he asked him whether he liked it.

“No, I can’t say I do, Mr White, and you must admit it’s a bad work of art.”

“Yes,” replied the painter, looking at the singer through his glasses, “but then you must admit that you are a bad work of nature.”

Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps with the articles wherever necessary paying particular attention to the use of the articles with geographic names.

... British Isles.

... British Isles is ... geographical term for ... group of about 5,000 islands off ... north-west ...coast of ...mainland ... Europe. ... largest island is ... Britain or ... Great Britain, which is also ... largest island in ... Europe.

... next largest island is ... Ireland.

... total area of ... British Isles is 322 246 square km.

... British Isles are of ... continental origin. Once they formed part of that continent, they became ... islands only when they were separated from it. ... separation took place thousands of years ago, after ... last Ice Age, and greatly influenced ... history and ... geography of these islands.

... English Channel and ... North Sea separate ... British Isles from

...Europe. In ... west they are washed by ... Atlantic Ocean, in ... east – by

... North Sea. ... two main islands – ...Great Britain and ...Ireland – are separated by ... Irish Sea.

... United Kingdom’s area is about 244 100 sq. km. It is just under 1,000 km long and just under 500 km across in its ...widest part. This is nearly half ... size of ... France. ... population is over 57 mln people. It is one of ... most densely populated countries. ... most mountainous region is ... Scotland (with ... Britain’s highest peak, ... Ben Nevis – 1,343 m). Rivers in ...GB are quite short – ... longest rivers are ... Severn and ...

Thames – but their easy navigability has made them ... important part of

... inland transport network for ... transportation of ... bulk products such as ... coal, ... iron ore and ... steel.

Ex. 4. Translate from English into Russian.

1.Дайте мне, пожалуйста, нож и вилку.

2.В этом журнале есть интересные статьи.

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3.Он купил видеомагнитофон, а я купил телевизор.

4.Это очень простая проблема, вы можете решить ее.

5.Вам полезны яблоки.

6.Покажите мне работу, которую вам принес г-н М.

7.Послать ей письмо или телеграмму? – Пошлите ей телеграмму.

8.Вот письмо, о котором я вам говорил.

9.Я познакомился с ним в одном маленьком северном городке.

10.Какой-то посетитель ждет вас в приемной.

11.Кто принес это письмо?–Какой-то мальчик.

12.Где словарь? – Он на книжной полке.

13.Кто этот человек? – Он сын одного инженера, который работает на нашем заводе.

14Я знал его, когда он был маленьким мальчиком.

15.Он родился в каком-то городе недалеко от Москвы.

16.Дверь открылась, и в комнату вошла девушка с журналом в

руке.

17.Когда преподаватель вошел в класс, студенты встали.

18.Ребенку легко изучать иностранный язык.

19.Когда мы вышли из машины, мы увидели маленький домик. Крыша была зеленая, а стены–белые. Вокруг дома был большой сад, окруженный забором. Забор был выкрашен в зеленый цвет. У ворот сидел старик с трубкой во рту. У его ног лежала большая собака.

20.Какой прекрасный день!

21.Какая чудесная погода!

22.Водитель в большом городе должен быть очень опытным, потому что трудно ездить по центру города.

23.Я должен купить ручку для входной двери.

24.Они ищут секретаря со знанием английского языка.

25.Вдали мы увидели вершину горы.

26.У берега стоял большой пароход. Капитан был на палубе и давал приказания матросу.

27.Я вчера познакомился с писателем, который много лет работал на севере.

28.Она – жена известного писателя.

29.Летом мы собираемся поехать на юг России и будем купаться

вЧерном море.

30.Он не любит журналы, но всегда читает газету «Daily World» по утрам.

31.Вчера мы были в музее изобразительных искусств (Fine Arts) на Волхонке, а вечером ходили в Большой театр.

32.Этот студент приехал на Рождество из США, где он учится в университете Флориды.

33.Панамский канал соединяет Атлантический и Тихий океаны.

34.Он бывал во многих странах западной Европы.

35.В прошлом году он работал на Дальнем Востоке.

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							Grammar Reference
	28. Pronouns
			Personal		Possessive			Reflexive
			Nomina-	Objective	Conjoint	Absolute
			tive Case	Case	Form	Form
S		1-st person	I	me	my	mine		myself
I		2-nd per-	you	you	your	yours		yourself
N
		son
G
U		3-rd person	he	him	his	his		himself
L
			she	her	her	hers		herself
A
R			it	it	its	its		itself
P		1-st person	we	us	our	ours		ourselves
L		2-nd per-	you	you	your	yours		yourselves
U
		son
R
		3-rd person	they	them	their	theirs		themselves
A
L
	E.g. I saw her yesterday.
		Her report is interesting.
		This report is hers.
		She bought a book for herself.

Absolute pronouns are used without a noun.

E.g. Is it his pen? – No, it’s mine.

We use reflexive pronouns when the subject and the object are the same.

E.g. Be careful! Don’t cut yourself.

We don’t use reflexive pronouns after feel, wash, dress, shave, relax, concentrate.

E.g. I washed, dressed and shaved.

Demonstrative pronouns

singular	plural
this	these
that	those

E.g. Do you know these people? This is Harry, my brother. Do you see those houses in the distance?

Is that your son?

Ex. 1. Replace the underlined words by personal pronouns.

1. John, give the book to Henry.

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Учебник

2.Tell the students the answer.

3.My sister and I have a room of our own.

4.Alex and Nick are businessmen.

5.Jane, buy a magazine for Ann.

6.Kate, read this story to Mary and me, please.

7.Tom has got no relatives.

8.His wife isn’t in Moscow now.

9.I don’t like my sister’s friends.

10.My colleagues are talking to Ms White now.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using absolute forms of possessive pronouns.

1.It is her umbrella. It’s…

2.They are my clothes. They are…

3.It is their computer. It’s …

4.It is his flat. It’s …

5.They are your pens. They are…

6.It is our cat. It is…

7.It is my bag. It is …

8.It is not your parking place. It isn’t …

9.That is his office. That is …

10.It is our working place. It is …

Ex. 3. Complete the sentences using possessive pronouns.

1.Tell me, isn’t that …. girlfriend over there?

2.Don’t take this book. It isn’t … book, it is …

3.Have you got a pencil? Kate hasn’t got a pencil. Give her…

4.Tell him not to forget … ticket, ask Helen not to forget… .

5.Take … English magazines and give me … .

6.Look at the dog, … coat is so thick.

7.He put … hand in … .

8.We can do … shopping before lunch.

9.I remember the lady’s name, but I don’t remember … position.

10.Why are you looking at me like that? Do you like … hat?

Ex. 4. Supply reflexive pronouns where necessary.

1.Let him introduce… .

2.Ann! Do this exercise … and let Peter and Bob do it …

3.Translate these texts …, they are not difficult.

4.She behaved …like a child.

5.Children, dress…! It is time to go for a walk.

6.She made this dress … .

7.Jessica looked at … in the mirror.

8.He feels …well.

9.Bob, wash the dishes … . I am tired.

10. Concentrate … and answer the question.

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Grammar Reference

Ex. 5. Insert demonstrative pronouns.

1.… article is easy and … one is difficult.

2.Pass me … books, please.

3.… boy is fond of music and his dream is to become a pianist.

4.Who is … man at the window?

5.… books are mine and … are yours.

6.Are … girls over there your friends?

7. ... flowers are beautiful, aren’t they?

8.Do you see … bushes on the other side of the river?

9.I don’t want to buy … gloves, they are too large for me.

10.… man is a friend of Ann’s.

Ex. 6. Choose the correct pronoun.

1.Pat soon made (it, its) clear that (she, her, hers) didn’t want to stay there long.

2.I closed the door behind (him, himself).

3.I’ll have (my, mine) hair cut this afternoon.

4.I think (your, you) flat is bigger than (our, ours).

5.She makes all (her, hers) clothes (her, hers, herself).

6.This book is (my, mine).

7.Let (he, him) do it.

8.They defended (them, themselves) bravely.

9.She gave the letter to (me, I).

10.The article is written by (him, he).

Ex. 7. Translate the sentences into English.

1.Я дал ему свой телефон, а он дал мне свой.

2.Она пригласила меня приехать к ней и остановиться у нее

дома.

3.Это не мой чемодан. Это ваш. Мой другого цвета.

4.Она купила эту машину для себя.

5.Мне не понравился сам фильм, но очень понравилась музыка.

6.Не давай его письмо ей. Дай его нам.

7.Он умылся, побрился и почувствовал себя лучше.

8.Эта девушка у окна – твоя соседка? – Нет, не моя, а его.

9.Я позвоню нашим клиентам сама.

10.Позвольте мне сделать его работу.

29. Some, Any, No

As a rule some is used in positive sentences when we don’t say exactly how many or how much. In interrogative and negative sentences some is changed for any.

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Учебник

No means the same as not any. Notice that the verb is positive. E.g. I have got some English books.

Is there any meat in the fridge?

There aren’t any flowers in the vase. = There are no flowers in the vase. Remember! We use some in questions when we offer or ask for things. E.g. Would you like some tea?

Any is used in positive sentences to express that it doesn’t matter which/who/where.

E.g. Take any book you like.

You can cash this cheque at any bank.

Ex. 1. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative (yes/no questions).

1.There are some books on the table.

2.I have got some interesting news to tell you.

3.There are some pictures in this magazine.

4.There is some butter on the table.

5.There are some mistakes in your test.

6.There is some bread on the plate.

7.There is some boiled water in the kettle.

8.There are some messages for you.

9.I have got some cheese.

10.He has some time to speak to you.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences with some or any.

1.There is … beer in the fridge.

2.I’ve got … nice friends.

3.Alice hasn’t got … children.

4.There aren’t … penguins in Scotland.

5.Have you got … English friends?

6.I know … nice people in Canada.

7.Has your father got … brothers and sisters?

8.There isn’t … sugar in the tea.

9.Take … fresh butter from the fridge.

10.Where can I buy … flowers?

11.He never has … money.

12.There are … messages for you on the answering machine.

13.There aren’t … museums where he lives.

14.She can’t work abroad because she doesn’t speak … foreign languages.

15.Do you have … questions?

Ex. 3. Insert some, any or no.

1.Would you like … milk in your tea?

2.There are … letters for you on the table but there are … telegrams.

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Grammar Reference

3.I’m afraid there is … apple juice in the fridge. How about … fruit instead?

4.He has got a computer and … computer games.

5.You can sing … song you like.

6.Could you lend me … money?

7.There are … shops open in the town on Sunday.

8.Have you ever seen … English films?

9.… student can answer this question.

10.I haven’t been to … European countries.

Ex. 4. What food or drink is there in your fridge? Use some, any, no. E.g. There is some milk in my fridge but there aren’t any tomatoes

Use the following words:

butter, olives, cheese, sausages, meat, cucumbers, carrots, potatoes, fish, juice, wine, ketchup, mustard

Ex. 5. Translate into Russian. Give two variants if possible.

1.Он – богатый человек и может отдыхать в любой стране мира.

2.Не могли бы вы купить хлеба, когда пойдете в супермаркет?

3.Если у вас нет вопросов, мы можем закончить обсуждение.

4.Нет, спасибо, я не пью кофе, у вас есть апельсиновый сок?

5.Мы не можем сделать омлет, потому что у нас нет яиц.

6.Город – современный, хотя в нем есть несколько старых зда-

ний.

7.Рядом нет никаких магазинов, вам придется поехать в центр.

8.Вы можете сесть на любой автобус. Они все идут до вокзала.

9.Я не читал ни одну из этих книг, но мой друг прочитал некоторые из них.

10.Не могли бы вы дать мне какую-либо информацию о достопримечательностях этого города?

11.Некоторые деревья остаются зелеными круглый год.

12.Вы можете купить эту книгу в любом книжном магазине.

13.Она не сделала ошибок в переводе.

14.Сегодня у меня нет времени помочь вам.

15.Есть ли какие-нибудь английские журналы в библиотеке?

30. Compound pronouns.

These pronouns are formed with some-, anyno- and every- Someone – anyone – no one

Somebody – anybody – nobody Something – anything – nothing Somewhere – anywhere – nowhere

The compounds in -one and in -body are singular in meaning and can be used only of persons.

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Учебник

E.g. There is someone in his office. Is there anyone at home?

The compounds in -thing can be used only of things. They are also singular in meaning.

E.g. There is something wrong with him.

He looked at me and didn’t say anything.

	-body	- one	-thing	-where
some	somebody	someone	something	somewhere
any	anybody	anyone	anything	anywhere
no	nobody	no one	nothing	nowhere
every	everybody	everyone	everything	everywhere

Ex. 1. Complete the sentences with someone/somebody, anyone/ anybody, everyone, something, anything, somewhere, anywhere.

1.I don’t see … in the room.

2.Is there … new?

3.There is … in the next room who wants to speak to you.

4.Could you give me … to eat?

5.I haven’t got any more money, so I can’t buy … .

6.Sit … you like.

7.Give me … to read.

8.Did you go … yesterday? –No, I didn’t but I am going … tomorrow.

9.You can talk to … you like.

10.…has taken my dictionary.

11.Do you know … about computers?

12.Have you informed all the managers about the presentation? – Yes,

…was at the meeting yesterday.

13.I don’t understand …!

14.I’d like … to eat.

15.I didn’t see … interesting at the exhibition last week.

Ex. 2. Form questions according to the example and give answers. E.g. Is there anybody in the garden?

-Yes, there is somebody.

-No, there is nobody.

-No, there isn’t anybody.

Is there	anybody	in the flat?
Do you see	anyone	in the library?
Do you know	anything	on the desk?
		in your bag?
		on the floor?
		in the street?
		about England?

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