Barmash P. - Homicide in the Biblical World (2005)(en)

CUNEIFORM SOURCES ON HOMICIDE

213

COLLATION: Simo Parpola, “Collations to Neo-Assyrian Legal Texts from Nineveh,” Assur 2/5 (1979), 49.

DATE: reign of Assurbanipal (668–627 B.C.E.)

22. ADD 164

PUBLICATION: ADD 164 = Johns, Assyrian Deeds and Documents: Volume 1, number 164, pp. 97–98.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Kohler and Ungnad, Assyrische Rechtsurkunden, number 658, p. 387; Kwasman, Neo-Assyrian Legal Documents, number 108, pp. 128–129; Theodore Kwasman and Simo Parpola, Legal Transactions of the Royal Court of Nineveh, Part 1 (SAA 6; Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1991), number 264, p. 212; Jas, Neo-Assyrian Judicial Procedures, number 1, pp. 8–11.

TRANSLITERATION: Postgate, Fifty Neo-Assyrian Legal Documents, number 44, pp. 159–160.

DATE: eleventh3 month, twenty-seventh day, 680 B.C.E.

23. ADD 806

PUBLICATION: ADD 806 = Johns, Assyrian Deeds and Documents: Volume 2, number 806, pp. 59–60.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: F. M. Fales and J. N. Postgate, Imperial Administrative Records, Part II (SAA 11; Helsinki: Helsinki University Press, 1995), number 222, pp. 149–150; Roth, “Homicide in the Neo-Assyrian Period,” 357 (for ll. 1 –3 ).

DATE: after the reign of Shalmaneser V (after 722 B.C.E.)4

24. Postgate Palace Archive 95

PUBLICATION, TRANSLITERATION, AND TRANSLATION: ND 219 = BM 131990 (British Museum) = J. N. Postgate, The Governor’s Palace Archive (CTN II; London: British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 1973), pp. 123–124 and plate 44.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Roth, “Homicide in the Neo-Assyrian Period,” 358–359; Jas, Neo-Assyrian Judicial Procedures, number 43, pp. 66–67.

DATE: tenth month, twenty-seventh day, 740 B.C.E.

3Kwasman reads it as twelfth month, Neo-Assyrian Legal Documents, 128.

4This tablet must date from after the reign of Shalmaneser V because he is the later of the two kings mentioned in this tablet (the other king is Tiglath-Pileser III).

214

APPENDIX

25. CTH 172

PUBLICATION: Emmanuel Laroche, Catalogue des textes hittites (Etudes et commentaires 75; Paris: Klincksieck, 1971), number 172 = KBo 1.10 + KUB 4, p. 96b.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Horst Klengel, “Mord und Bussleistung im Spatbronzezeitlichen¨ Syrien,” in Death in Mesopotamia (ed. Bendt Alster; Mesopotamia, Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology 8; Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1980), 190; Albertine Hagenbuchner, Die Korrespondenz der Hethiter (Texte der Hethiter 16; Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1989), 2.285, 291–292.

TRANSLATION: A. L. Oppenheim, Letters from Mesopotamia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967), 144; Gary Beckman, Hittite Diplomatic Texts (ed. Harry A. Hoffner, Jr.; SBL Writings from the Ancient World 7; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996), 136.

DATE: circa 1260 B.C.E.

26. El-Amarna 8

PUBLICATION: VAT 152 152 = H. Winckler and L. Abel, Der Thontafelfund von El Amarna (Mitteilungen aus den Orientalischen Sammlungen, Konigliche¨ Museen zu Berlin 1–3; Berlin: W. Spemann, 1889– 1890), number 8; O. Schroeder, Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmaler¨ der Koniglichen¨ Museen zu Berlin: Heft 11 (Berlin: J. C. Hinrichs, 1915), number 5.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: J. A. Knudtzon, Die El- Amarna-Tafeln I (Aalen: Otto Zeller, 1964 [1915]), 84–89. TRANSLATION: William L. Moran, The Amarna Letters (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 16–17.

DATE: 1349–1334 B.C.E. (the overlap between the reigns of Amenophis IV/Akhenaten and Burnaburiyash II)5

27. RS 17.146

PUBLICATION: DO 4607 = Jean Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II: Textes Accadiens des Archives Sud (Archives Internationales) (MRS 9/II; Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1956), plate XX.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Jean Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I: Textes Accadiens des Archives Sud (Archives Internationales) (MRS 9/I; Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1956), 154– 157.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

5For dates of the kings, see Moran, The Amarna Letters, xxxix.

CUNEIFORM SOURCES ON HOMICIDE

215

28. RS 17.230

PUBLICATION: DO 4623 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate XXVIII; Ugaritica 3 (1956), p. 23, figure 29. TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 153–154.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

29. RS 18.115

PUBLICATION: DO 4833 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate LXXXIII.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 158–160.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

30. RS 17.234

PUBLICATION: DO 4626 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate XXIX.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 173–174.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

31. RS 17.299

PUBLICATION: DO 4653 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate XXXVI.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 182.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

32. RS 17.369B + RS 17.69

PUBLICATION: DO 4709 + 4551 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate LXI.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 239–240.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

33. RS 17.229

PUBLICATION: DO 4622 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate XXVII; Ugaritica 3 (1956), p. 16, figure 21. TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 106.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

216

APPENDIX

34. RS 17.158

PUBLICATION: DO 4618 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate IV.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, pp. 169–171; ANET3, 547.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.6

35. RS 17.42

PUBLICATION: DO 4538 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate IV; Ugaritica 5 (1968), pp. 658–660, figure 25–25A. TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 171–172.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

36. RS 17.145

PUBLICATION: DO 4606 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate XIX.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 172–173.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

37. RS 20.22

PUBLICATION: Jean Nougayrol, Ugaritica 5 (MRS XVI; Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1968), 713ff, plates 36 and 36A. TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Ugaritica 5, 94–97.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: P. R. Berger, “Zu den ‘akkadischen’ Briefen,” UgaritForschungen 2 (1970), 286–287.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

38. RS 17.251

PUBLICATION: DO 4641 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate XXXIII; Ugaritica 3 (1956), p. 41, figure 55. TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 236–237.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

39. RS 17.337

PUBLICATION: DO 4678 = Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/II, plate XLVI.

6H. Klengel, “Ini-Tesub,”ˇ RLA 4.104–105. Ini-Teshub’s Hittite contemporary is Tudhaliya IV.

CUNEIFORM SOURCES ON HOMICIDE

217

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Nougayrol, Le Palais Royal d’Ugarit IV/I, 168–169.

DATE: mid–thirteenth century B.C.E.

40. Laws of Ur-Nammu (LU)7

PUBLICATION, TRANSLITERATION, AND TRANSLATION: Si. 277 = Fatma Yildiz, “A Tablet of Codex Ur-Nammu from Sippar,” Or (1981): 87–97.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Martha T. Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor (SBL Writings from the Ancient World Series; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995), 13–22.

TRANSLATION: J. J. Finkelstein in ANET3, 523–525; Willem H. Ph. Romer,¨ “Aus den Gesetzen des Konigs¨ Urnammu von Ur,” in Rechtsund Worschaftsurkunden Historisch-chronologische Texte (TUAT, Band 1/1; Gutersloh:¨ Gutersloher¨ Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 1982), 17–23.

DATE: Ur-Nammu’s reign, 2112–circa 2095 B.C.E. (Shulgi’s reign, 2094– 2047 B.C.E.)

41. Laws of Lipit-Ishtar (LL)8

PUBLICATION, TRANSLITERATION, AND TRANSLATION: Miguel Civil, “New Sumerian Law Fragments,” in Studies in Honor of Benno Landsberger (Assyriological Studies 16; Chicago: University of Chicago, 1965), 1–12.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, 23–35.

TRANSLATION: S. N. Kramer in ANET3, 159–160; Heiner Lutzmann, “Aus den Gesetzen des Konigs¨ Lipit Eschtar von Isin,” in Rechtsund Worschaftsurkunden Historisch-chronologische Texte, 23–31.

DATE: Lipit-Ishtar’s reign, 1934–1924 B.C.E.

7The putative authorship of Ur-Nammu as the lawgiver of this code has been debated because its first-person prologue is unique among the cuneiform law codes and some of the events of its historical narrative cannot be dated to Ur-Nammu’s reign. Cf. S. N. Kramer, “The Ur-Nammu Law Code: Who Was Its Author?” Or 52 (1983), 453–456. However, some of the events must be

ˇ

dated to his reign, and not his successor and son, Sulgi. Piotr Michalowski and C. B. F. Walker, “A

˚ ¨

New Sumerian ‘Law Code,’” in DUMU-E2-DUB-BA-A: Studies in Honor of Ake Sjoberg (ed. Hermann Behrens, Darlene Loding, and Martha T. Roth; Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund 11; Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1989), 385, points out that it

ˇ

is unlikely that a war with the independent city of Ansanˇ took place during the reign of Sulgi because it would be difficult to believe that Ur-Nammu would have allowed this city to remain independent during his reign. In the same way, one of the kings mentioned, Namahani, was the

˘

last independent ruler of Lagash. It was unlikely that he remained independent throughout the reign of Ur-Nammu.

8There is a possibility that the fragment on which these statutes are found does not actually belong to the Laws of Lipit-Ishtar.

218

APPENDIX

42. Sumerian Laws Exercise Tablet (SLEx)

PUBLICATION, TRANSLITERATION, AND TRANSLATION: YBC 2177 = A. T. Clay, “A Sumerian Prototype of the Hammurabi Code,” Orientalische Literaturzeitung 17 (1914), 1–3; Clay, “Sumerian Prototype of the Hammurabi Code,” in Miscellaneous Inscriptions in the Babylonian Collection (Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian Texts 1; New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1915), 18–27.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, 42–45.

TRANSLATION: Finkelstein in ANET3, 525–526.

43. Laws of Eshnunna (LE)

PUBLICATION, TRANSLITERATION, AND TRANSLATION: Albrecht Goetze, The Laws of Eshnunna (AASOR 31; New Haven, Connecticut: The American Schools of Oriental Research, 1956); Farouk N. H. Al-Rawi, “Assault and Battery,” Sumer 38 (1982), 117–20.

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Roth, Law Collections

´

from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, 57–70; Emile Szlechter, Les lois d’Esnunnaˇ (Publications de l’Institut de Droit Romain de l’Universite´ de Paris 12; Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1954); Reuven Yaron, The Laws of Eshnunna (2d edition; Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1988).

TRANSLATION: Rykle Borger, “Der Codex Eschnunna,” in Rechtsund Worschaftsurkunden Historisch-chronologische Texte, 32–38; Goetze in

ANET3, 161–163.

DATE: early eighteenth century B.C.E.

44. Laws of Hammurapi (LH)

PUBLICATION, TRANSLITERATION, AND TRANSLATION: V. Scheil, Textes elamites´-semitiques,´ deuxieme serie´ (Memoires´ de la Del´egation´ Perse 4; Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1902); E. Bergmann, Codex

Hammurabi: Textus Primigenius (Editio tertia; Scripta Pontificii Instituti

˘

Biblici 51; Rome: Pontificium Institutum, 1953).

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: G. R. Driver and John C. Miles, The Babylonian Laws (Ancient Codes and Laws of the Near East; Oxford: Clarendon, 1955); Robert Francis Harper, The Code of Hammurabi (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1904); J. Kohler and F. E. Peiser, Hammurabi’s Gesetz (Leipzig: Eduard Pfeiffer, 1904); Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, 71–142; M. E. J. Richardson, Hammurabi’s Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary (The Biblical Seminar 73; Semitic Texts and Studies 2; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000).

CUNEIFORM SOURCES ON HOMICIDE

219

TRANSLATION: Rykle Borger, “Der Codex Hammurapi,” in Rechtsund Worschaftsurkunden Historisch-chronologische Texte, 39–79; Andre´ Finet, Le Code de Hammurapi (Litteratures´ anciennes du Proche-Orient 6; Paris: CERF, 1973); Meek in ANET3, 163–180.

DATE: Hammurapi’s reign, 1792–1750 B.C.E.

45. Middle Assyrian Laws (MAL)

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: G. R. Driver and John C. Miles, The Assyrian Laws (Ancient Codes and Laws of the Near East; Oxford: Clarendon, 1935); Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, 153–194.

TRANSLATION: Rykle Borger, “Die mittelassyrischen Gesetze,” in

Rechtsund Worschaftsurkunden Historisch-chronologische Texte, 80–

92; Guillaume Cardascia, Les Lois assyriennes, (Litteratures anciennes

´ 3 du Proche-Orient; Paris: Les Editions de CERF, 1969); Meek in ANET ,

180–188.

DATE: fourteenth century B.C.E.

46. The Hittite Laws (HL)

PUBLICATION, TRANSLITERATION, AND TRANSLATION: Edgar H. Sturtevant and George Bechtel, A Hittite Chrestomathy (William Dwight Whitney Linguistic Series; Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, 1935).

TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Harry Angier Hoffner,

The Laws of the Hittites: A Critical Edition (DMOA XXIII; Leiden: Brill, 1997); E. Neufeld, The Hittite Laws (London: Luzac & Co. Ltd.) DATE: Old Hittite recension, circa 1650 B.C.E.; New Hittite recension, circa 1350–1200 B.C.E.

47. The Edict of Telepinus

PUBLICATION: CTH 19 = KBo III 1 + KBo XII 5 + KBo III 68 + KBo XII 7 ( = BoTU 23 A) = KUB XI 1 ( = BoTU 23 B) + KBo XIX 96 = KBo III 67 ( = BoTU 23 C) + KUB XXXI 2 ( = BoTU 23 G) + KUB XXXI 17 TRANSLITERATION AND TRANSLATION: Inge Hoffmann, Der Erlass Telipinus (Heidelberg: Carl Winter/Universitatsverlag,¨ 1984), 52– 53; Sturtevant and Bechtel, A Hittite Chrestomathy, 175–200.

TRANSLATION: Hoffner, “Hittite Laws,” in Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor, 237; Th. P. J. van den Hout, “The Proclamation of Telepinus,” in The Context of Scripture: Volume I, Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World (ed. William W. Hallo; Leiden: Brill, 1997), 196–199; Hans-Martin Kummel,¨ in Rechtsund Worschaftsurkunden Historisch-chronologische Texte, 464–470.

DATE: mid–seventeenth century B.C.E.

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