Barmash P. - Homicide in the Biblical World (2005)(en)
.pdf
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
233 |
. “Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi.” ChicagoKent Law Review 71/1 (1995): 13–40.
. “The Neo-Babylonian Widow.” JCS 43–45 (1991–1993): 1–26.
. “On LE 46–47A.” NABU 3 (1990): 71.
. “The Scholastic Exercise ‘Laws About Rented Oxen.’” JCS 32 (1980): 127– 146.
Rouland, Norbert. Legal Anthropology. Translated by Philippe G. Planel. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1994.
Roux, Georges. Ancient Iraq. 3d edition. London: Penguin, 1992.
Saggs, H. W. F. The Greatness That Was Babylon. New York: Hawthorn, 1962.
. “The Nimrud Letters IV: The Urartian Frontier.” Iraq 20 (1958): 182– 212.
San Nicolo,` M., and A. Ungnad. Neubabylonische Rechtsund Verwaltungsurkunden. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1935.
´ ´ ´ ´ ´
Scheil, V. Textes Elamites-Anzanites. Quatrieme serie. Memoires de la Delegation en Perse 11. Paris: Librairie Ernest LeRoux, 1911.
Schloen, J. David. The House of the Father as Fact and Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ugarit and the Ancient Near East. Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2001.
Schroeder, O. “Zur Amarnatafel VAT 1704.” Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 18 (1915): 174–176.
Schulz, Hermann. Das Todesrecht im Alten Testament: Studien zur Rechtsform der Mot-Jumat-Satze¨. BZAW. Berlin: Verlag Alfred Topelmann,¨ 1969.
Schwartz, Baruch J. “The Bearing of Sin in the Priestly Literature.” In Pomegranates and Golden Bells: Studies in Biblical, Jewish, and Ancient Near Eastern Ritual, Law, and Literature in Honor of Jacob Milgrom, edited by David P. Wright, David Noel Freedman, and Avi Hurvitz, 3–21. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1995.
. The Holiness Legislation [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1999.
. “‘Term’ or Metaphor – Biblical afj/[`p/@w[ a`n [Hebrew].” Tarbiz 63 (1994): 149–171.
Schwienhorst-Schonberger,¨ Ledger. Das Bundesbuch (Ex 20,22–23,33): Studie zu seiner Entstehung und Theologie. BZAW 188. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1990.
Scott, S. P., trans. and ed. Corpus Iuris Civilis. Volume 3. Cincinnati: Central Trust Co., 1932.
Shiloh, Yigal. “The Four-Room House: Its Situation and Function in the Israelite City.” IEJ 20 (1970): 180–190.
Sick, Ulrich. Die Totung¨ eines Menschen und ihre Ahndung in den keilschriftlichen rechtssammlungen unter Berucksichtigung¨ rechtsvergleichender Aspekte. Ph.D. diss., Eberhard-Karls-Universitat,¨ 1984.
Sigrist, M. “On the Bite of a Dog.” In Love and Death in the Ancient Near East: Essays in Honor of Marvin H. Pope, edited by John H. Marks and Robert M. Good, 85–88. Guilford, Connecticut: Four Quarters Press, 1987.
234 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
Sjoberg,¨ Åke. “Was There a Sumerian Version of the Laws of Hammurabi?” AuOr 9 (1991): 219–225.
. “Zu einigen Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen im Sumerischen.” In Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient, edited by D. O. Edzard, 219–225. Wiesbaden: Otto Harassowitz, 1967.
Soden, Wolfram, von. “Kleine Beitrage¨ zum Verstandnis¨ der Gesetze Hammurabis
und Bilalamas.” ArOr 17 (1949): 359–373. |
˘ |
|
. “Muskˇenum¯ und die Mawal¯¯ı des fruhen¨ Islam.” ZA 56 (1964): 133–141. Speiser, E. A. Genesis. 1962. AB. Garden City: Doubleday, 1985.
. “‘People’ and ‘Nation’ of Israel.” JBL 59 (1960): 157–163.
Spencer, John R. “The Levitical Cities: A Study of the Role and Function of the Levites in the History of Israel.” Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1980.
Sperling, David. “Blood.” In ABD, 1.761–763. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
. “Bloodguilt in the Bible and in Ancient Near Eastern Sources.” In Jewish Law in Our Time, edited by Ruth Link-Salinger (Hyman), 19–25. N.p.: Bloch, 1982.
Spronk, K. “Synchronic and Diachronic Approaches to the Book of Nahum.” In
Synchronic or Diachronic? A Debate on Method in Old Testament Exegesis, edited by Johannes C. de Moor, 159–186. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
Stade, Bernhard. “Das Kainszeichen.” In Ausgewahlte Akademische Reden und Abhandlungen, 229–273. Giessen: J. Ricker’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1899.
Stager, Lawrence. “The Archaeology of the Family in Ancient Israel.” BASOR 260 (1985): 1–35.
Starke, J. G. Introduction to International Law. 10th edition. London: Butterworths, 1989.
Starr, June, and Jane F. Collier. “Historical Studies of Legal Change.” In Law and Anthropology, edited by Peter Sack and Jonathan Aleck. The International Library of Essays in Law and Legal Theory, 1–32. New York: New York University Press, 1992. Originally published in Current Anthropology 28 (1987): 367–372.
Steuernagel, C. Der Rahmen des Deuteronomium. 2d edition. 1894. Reprint, Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1923.
Stol, M. “Muskˇenu¯.” In RLA, 8.492–493. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993–1997. Stone, Elizabeth. “Texts, Architecture and Ethnographic Analogy: Patterns of Resi-
dence in Old Babylonian Nippur.” Iraq 43 (1981): 19–33.
Sulzberger, Mayer. The Ancient Hebrew Law of Homicide. Philadelphia: Julius H. Greenstone, 1915.
Tadmor, Hayyim. “Traditional Institutions and the Monarchy: Social and Political in the Time of David and Solomon.” In Studies in the Period of David and Solomon and Other Essays, 239–257. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1982.
Talmon, Shemaryahu. “The ‘Comparative Method’ in Biblical Interpretation – Principles and Problems.” In Congress Volume: Gottingen¨. SVT 320–356. Leiden: Brill, 1978.
. “The Presentation of Synchroneity and Simultaneity in Biblical Narrative.” In Literary Studies in the Hebrew Bible: Form and Content, Collected Studies, edited by Shemaryahu Talmon, 112–133. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1993.
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
235 |
Talmon, Shemaryahu, and Michael Fishbane. “Issues in the Ordering of Selected Chapters of Ezekiel [Hebrew].” Tarbiz 42 (1972–1973): 35–38. (A translation of this article is “The Structuring of Biblical Books: Studies in the Book of Ezekiel,”
Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute in Jerusalem 10 [1976], 143–146.) Thomas, D. Winton. “A Consideration of Some Unusual Ways of Expressing the
Superlative in Hebrew.” VT 3 (1953): 209–224.
Thompson, R. Campbell. The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia. London: Luzac and Co., 1903.
Thureau-Dangin, F. Une relation de la huitieme` campagne de Sargon. TCL 3. Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1912.
Tigay, Jeffrey M. Deuteronomy. The JPS Torah Commentary. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1996.
Todd, S. C. The Shape of Athenian Law. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.
Toorn, Karel, van der. Sin and Sanction in Israel and Mesopotamia. Studia Semitica Neerlandica. Assen/Maastricht, the Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1985.
Tsumura, David Toshio. “Genesis and Ancient Near Eastern Stories of Creation and Flood: An Introduction.” In “I Studied Inscriptions from Before the Flood”: Ancient Near Eastern, Literary, and Linguistic Approaches to Genesis 1–11, edited by Richard S. Hess and David Toshio Tsumura. Sources for Biblical and Theological Study 4, 27–57. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1994.
Tur-Sinai, N. H. “At the Door Sin Couches [Hebrew].” Tarbiz 16 (1944): 8–10. Van de Mieroop, Marc. The Ancient Mesopotamian City. Oxford: Clarendon,
1997.
Vanderhooft, David. “Dwelling Beneath the Sacred Place: A Proposal for Reading 2 Samuel 7:10.” JBL 118 (1999): 625–633.
Van Selms, A. “The Goring Ox in Babylonian and Biblical Law.” ArOr 18/4 (1950): 321–330.
Van Seters, John. Prologue to History: The Yahwist as Historian in Genesis. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1992.
Vaux, Roland, de. Ancient Israel. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.
Veenhof, Klaas R. “‘In Accordance with the Words of the Stele’: Evidence for Old Assyrian Legislation.” Chicago-Kent Law Review 4 (1995): 1717–1744.
Viberg, Åke. Symbols of Law: A Contextual Analyis of Legal Symbolic Acts in the Old Testament. Coniectanea Biblical Old Testament Series 34. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1992.
Vila, Bryan, and Cynthia Morris, eds. Capital Punishment in the United States: A Documentary History. Primary Documents in American History and Contemporary Issues. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1997.
Wagner, Volker. Rechtssatze¨ in gebundener Sprache und Rechtssatzreihen im israelitischen Recht: Ein Beitrag zur Gattungsforschung. BZAW. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1972.
Waldron, Jeremy. “Lex Talionis.” Arizona Law Review 34 (1992): 25–51. Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. “The Bloodfeud of the Franks.” In The Long-Haired Kings.
Medieval Academy Reprints for Teaching 11, 121–147. 1962. Reprint, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1982.
236 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
Walzer, Michael. “The Legal Codes of Ancient Israel.” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 4 (1992): 335–349.
Watson, Alan. Legal Transplants: An Approach to Comparative Law. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1974.
. Rome of the XII Tables: Persons and Property. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975.
Weber, Max. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Edited by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich, translated by Ephraim Fischoff. 1922. Reprint, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
Weidner, Ernst F. “Das Alter der mittelassyrischen Gesetzestexte.” AfO 12 (1937– 1939): 46–54.
. “Die Bibliothek Tiglatpilesers I.” AfO 16 (1952): 197–215.
. “Drei neue Fragmente des Kodex Hammurapi aus neuassyrischer Zeit.” AfO 16 (1952): 323–324.
Weinfeld, Moshe. Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School. 1972. Reprint, Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1992.
. Deuteronomy 1–16. AB. New York: Doubleday, 1991.
. “On ‘Demytholigization and Secularization’ in Deuteronomy.” VT 21 (1973): 230–233.
Weisman, Ze’ev. “The Place of the People in the Making of Law and Judgment.” In
Pomegranates and Golden Bells: Studies in Biblical, Jewish, and Near Eastern Ritual, Law, and Literature in Honor of Jacob Milgrom, edited by David P. Wright, David Noel Freedman, and Avi Hurvitz, 407–420. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1995.
Wellhausen, Julius. Prolegomena to the History of Israel. With a preface by W. Robertson Smith, with a foreword by Douglas A. Knight. 1885. Reprint, Scholars Press Reprints and Translations Series. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994.
Wenham, Gordon J. The Book of Leviticus. New International Commentary on the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 1979.
Westbrook, Raymond. “Biblical and Cuneiform Law Codes.” RB 92 (1985): 247– 264.
. Studies in Biblical and Cuneiform Law. CahRB. Paris: J. Gabalda, 1988. Westermann, Claus. Genesis 1–11, a Commentary. Translated by John J. Scullion.
CC. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1984.
Wette, W. M. L., de. Dissertatio critica exegetica qua Deuteronomium a prioribus Pentateuchi libris diversum, alius cujusdam recentioris actoris opus esse monstratur. Halle, 1805.
Whitman, James Q. “At the Origins of Law and the State: Supervision of Violence, Mutilation of Bodies, or Setting of Prices?” Chicago-Kent Law Review 71/1 (1995): 41–84.
Wilson, E. Jan. “Holiness” and “Purity” in Mesopotamia. AOAT. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker, 1994.
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
237 |
Wilson, Robert R. “Enforcing the Covenant: The Mechanisms of Judicial Authority in Early Israel.” In The Quest for the Kingdom of God: Studies in Honor of George E. Mendenhall, edited by H. B. Huffmon, F. A. Spina, and A. R. W. Green, 59–75. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1983.
. “Israel’s Judicial System in the Preexilic Period.” Jewish Quarterly Review 74 (1983): 229–248.
Wormald, Jenny. “The Blood Feud in Early Modern Scotland.” In Disputes and Settlements: Law and Human Relations in the West, edited by John Bossy, 101– 144. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Wright, C. J. H. “Family.” In ABD, 2.761–769. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Wright, David P. “Deuteronomy 21:1–9 as a Rite of Elimination.” CBQ 49 (1987):
387–403.
. The Disposal of Impurity. SBLDS 101. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987. Yaron, Reuven. “Enquire Now About Hammurabi, Ruler of Babylon.” Tijdschrift
voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 59 (1991): 223–238.
Yoffee, Norman. “Aspects of Mesopotamian Land Sales.” American Anthropologist 90 (1988): 119–130.
. “Too Many Chiefs (or, Safe Texts for the 90s).” In Archaeological Theory: Who Sets the Agenda? edited by Norman Yoffee and Andrew Sherratt, 60–78. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Zevit, Ziony. “The˘Eglaˆ Ritual of Deuteronomy 21:1–9.” JBL 95 (1976): 377–390.
General Index
Aaron, David H., 96 Abel, L., 214
Accessories to homicide, culpability, 150–152
see also Physical act that causes death Accidental homicide, 9, 10, 80, 86, 101,
116
see also Intentional homicide; Typologies of homicide
Adonijah’s seeking of asylum, 72–73, 74
Aharoni, Yohanan, 48
Albertz, Rainer, 75, 76
Albright, W. F., 34, 84
Alt, Albrecht, 3, 147–150, 158 Anderson, Gary A., 77 Apodictic law, 148–150 Assembly, 88
Assyrian adjudication of homicide, 8, 28–30, 42, 44, 49–50, 56–70, 150, 166
Asylum
altar asylum, 8, 71, 72, 80, 81
altar asylum as protection from political intrigue, 73–74
development of system of asylum, 71, 72, 80, 93
see also Cities of refuge
Atrahasis, 111, 144 Attenborough,˘ F. L., 125 Auld, A. Graeme, 76, 87
Awılum¯ (member of Mesopotamian social class), 162–164
Bantsch,¨ Bruno, 74, 149 Barkay, Gabriel, 35 Barre,´ M. L., 16 Bechtel, George, 31, 219
Beckman, Gary, 110, 214 Behrens, H., 207
Be¯ l dameˆ, 8, 32, 52, 54, 57, 58–59, 61, 110–111
Bellefontaine, Elizabeth, 26, 46 Bendor, Shunya, 26, 46 Benjamin, Don C., 124
Berger, P.-R., 194, 216 Bergmann, E., 218 Biblical law
relationship between sources, 83, 88 relationship to cuneiform law, 140–146,
147, 159, 204, 205 Birot, M., 210 Black-Michaud, Jacob, 23 Bloch, Marc, 23 Bloch-Smith, Elizabeth, 49
239
240 |
GENERAL INDEX |
Blood, 9, 14, 17, 19, 51, 52, 94–99, 202 as cleanser and pollutant, 95, 104–105,
203
in Mesopotamian thought, 106–111 see also Pollution
Blood avenger, 7, 8, 9, 23–26, 31, 32, 50–51, 52, 71, 83, 86, 98
relationship to redeemer, 99
Blood feud, 7–8, 23–24, 26, 31, 32, 45, 51, 52, 99, 144, 173–174, 202
rule-boundedness of, 23–25 see also Legal evolution
Bloodguilt, 17, 101, 119, 124
Book of the Covenant, 23, 147 see also Covenant Code
Borger, Rykle, 127, 218, 219 Bottero,´ Jean, 7, 142, 210 Bourne, Frank Card, 169 Boyer, Georges, 172, 210 Bright, John, 149
Buss, Martin J., 154
Cain and Abel, 7, 12–19, 95, 116
as conflict between nomads and farmers, 14
motives and state of mind of slayer, 14–16
parallel narrative to Genesis, 2–3, 17 theory of sin and personal responsibility,
15–16
violation of social bond, 16–17 Campbell, J. K., 23
Campbell Thompson, R., 111
Capital punishment, debate over in the United States, 143
Cardascia, Guillaume, 219 Cassuto, Umberto M. D., 14, 15 Casuistic law, 147–150, 204
Categories of homicide, see Typologies of homicide
Caudill, Bernice Calmes, 23 Cazelles, Henri, 75 Chapman, Rupert, 122
Cheyenne tribe of North America, 113 Chiera, Edward, 208
Childe, V. Gordon, 45 Childs, Brevard, 24 Chronicler’s History, 33
Cities of refuge, 8–9, 24, 32, 51, 52, 71, 80, 83–90, 144, 203–204
characteristics in P and D, 83–90 date of establishment of, 72, 80 hearing of admission, 90–93 number of, 83, 84, 87–88 rationale for, 83, 85, 86, 87 sacred status, 83
slaying of accidental killer by blood avenger, 86
term for, 83–84
trial of slayer, 88, 89 see also Levitical cities
Civil, Miguel, 217 Clay, A. T., 218 Closen, G. E., 16 Codex Vaticanus, 92
Coleman-Norton, Paul Robinson, 169 Collins, Raymond F., 148
Comanche tribe of North America, 113 Community-based system of justice, 35 Comparative method, 3–4, 6, 204 Contenau, G., 211
Cooper, Jerrold S., 207 Covenant Code, 74–80, 140, 148
date, 74–76
as part of an ancient Near Eastern scribal tradition, 146, 147, 204
see also Book of the Covenant Cowley, A., 77
Crusemann,¨ Frank, 75, 158
Daube, David, 18, 98, 99, 117, 118, 120,
125, 157
David and Bathsheba, 118–119
Delekat, L., 81
Deller, Karlheinz, 59, 67
Demon
cause of impurity, 111
see also Rabis¯ u
.
Deuteronomic reform, 8, 71, 72, 78, 82 Deuteronomic source, 9, 22, 35–36, 72, 76,
78–80, 83 date of, 48, 82
secularization, 86–87, 103 strata of Deuteronomy, 82
theological and social program of D, 86–90, 103–105
Deuteronomistic history, 33 Dhorme, P., 38, 150, 209 Diakonoff, I. M., 45 Diamond, A. S., 174 Dietrich, Manfried, 212
Dın¯ napistimˇ (Akkadian legal term), 170–173, 176–177
Dinur, B., 81
Dossin, Georges, 170, 210, 211 Dressler, Joshua, 116, 156
Driver, G. R., 130, 132, 173–174, 218, 219 Driver, S. R., 50, 89, 103, 173
Duhm, Hans, 15
E, Pentateuchal source, 74
Edzard, Dietz Otto, 15
Eichler, Barry, 134, 137, 138
Elders, 35
Ellis, Maria deJ., 132
Enuma elish, 144
GENERAL INDEX
Eph’al, Israel, 48
Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 23
Fales, F. M., 213 Falkenstein, Adam, 152, 208 Family, see Kinship
Faust, Avraham, 47
Finkelstein, J. J., 2, 3, 7, 102, 126, 131, 137, 144–145, 169, 174, 204, 210, 217, 218
Fishbane, Michael, 79, 155, 156 Flanagan, J. W., 46
Fortner, John David, 209 Fox, Richard G., 3, 46 Frank, Karl, 111 Fratricide, 16
Frazer, James G., 96
Freydank, H., 136 Frymer-Kensky, Tikva, 100, 158 Fuchs, Andreas, 55
Gagarin, Michael, 101 Gelb, Ignace J., 182 Gelston, A., 77
Genouillac, Henri de, 207, 208 Gilgamesh, epic of, 44
Ginat, Joseph, 23
Gitin, Seymour, 78
Gluckman, Max, 23
Goetze, Albrecht, 127, 131, 173, 218 Goring ox, 129–130, 134, 141, 143, 144,
145, 146, 147 Gortyn, laws of, 141 Gottlieb, Gerald, 143
Gottwald, Norman K., 26, 27 Governmental control
in ancient Israel, 32–34
in Mesopotamia, 8, 32, 36–44, 45, 50, 202
Graf, Karl Heinrich, 81 Grayson, A. K., 53
Greenberg, Moshe, 2, 3, 50, 76, 100, 101, 102, 142–144, 146
Greengus, Samuel, 45, 109 Gruber, Mayer, 12
Gunn, David M., 83 Gurney, O. R., 66, 112, 207
Haase, Richard, 131, 132
Hagenbuchner, Albertine, 110, 214
Halbe, Jorn,¨ 147
Hallo, William W., 3
Halpern, Baruch, 24, 48
Haran, Menahem, 84, 85
Harper, Robert Francis, 53, 55, 56, 212, 218
Hawkins, J. D., 196
Hegel, G. W. F., 173
Heltzer, Michael, 189, 190
Herzog, Zeev, 49
241
Hess, Richard S., 15 High priest, 9
death of, 102–103, 104 symbolism of, 103
Hoebel, E. Adamson, 24, 113 Hoffman, David Z., 100 Hoffmann, Inge, 32, 219
Hoffner, Harry A., Jr., 109, 110, 117, 134, 166, 199, 219
Hoftijzer, J., 77
Hout, Th. P. J. van den, 219 Hurvitz, Avi, 82, 88
Ibn Ezra, 20
Ibn Janah, 20
Icelandic laws Grag´as´, 7 Impurity, see Pollution
Intentional homicide, 10, 78, 80, 104, 116, 154
putative development of intentionality, 147–150
International law, 11, 111, 178–201
J, Pentateuchal source, 74
Jackson, Bernard S., 3, 142, 143, 158 Jacobsen, Thorkild, 5, 112, 152, 205, 208,
209
Jamieson-Drake, David W., 46, 49 Japhet, Sara, 34, 77
Jas, Remko, 57, 66, 67, 212, 213 Jean, Charles-F., 211
Jhering, Rudolf von, 173 Jirku, Anton, 149
Joab, 72, 73, 74, 83, 119
Johns, C. H. W., 63, 66, 212, 213 Johnson, Allan Chester, 169 Johnson, Wallace, 125
Jongeling, K., 77
Joseph, assault on, 117–118, 119 Judicial reform of Jehoshaphat, 34–35 Julicher,¨ Adolf, 74
Kaufman, Ivan T., 48
Kenites, 14
Kiefer, Thomas M., 23
Kiernan, Steven C., 200
King, L. W., 211
Kinship
in ancient Israel, 8, 26–27, 46–49, 50, 202
in Mesopotamia, 27, 31–32
Kirk, G. S., 14
Klawans, Jonathan, 100
Klengel, Horst, 5–6, 110, 214, 216
Knohl, Israel, 82, 94, 121, 155, 156
Knudtzon, J. A., 214
Koch, Klaus, 98
Kohler, J., 57, 59, 63, 212, 213, 218
Korosec,ˇ Victor, 53
242
Koschaker, Paul, 2, 136
Kramer, S. N., 135, 208, 217
Kraus, F. R., 7, 137
Krecher, J., 57
Kuhl, Curt, 156
Kuhrt, Amelie,´ 204, 207
Kummel,¨ Hans-Martin, 219
Kupper, J. R., 210, 211
Kwasman, Theodore, 57, 59, 60, 63, 65,
66–67, 212, 213
Lambert, W. G., 112, 136
Landsberger, Benno, 4, 44, 53, 176, 209 Laroche, Emmanuel, 214
Lautner, J. G., 150
Law collections, cuneiform
compared to legal records, 139–140, 145, 206
principles of composition, 134, 136–139 scribal tradition, 134, 135–136
shared cases, 134–135 style of, 127, 134
term “cuneiform law,” 2
term “law codes” vs. “law collections,” 6–7
Leemans, W. F., 43
Legal evolution, theories of, 24–25, 173–175 Legal innovations, identifying, 78–80, 204 Legal records, cuneiform, 5–6, 205–206 Lerner, Renee Lettow, 200
Levine, Baruch A., 20, 26, 33, 78, 85, 98 Levinson, Bernard M., 36, 80
Levitical cities, 72, 84, 85
Lex talionis, 10–11, 157–158, 159, 167, 168, 169–170, 174, 175, 203
Leidke, Gerhard, 149 Lindgren, James, 7 Liverani, Mario, 181 Lohr,¨ Max, 72, 81 Luckenbill, D., 44 Lutzmann, Heiner, 217
MacDowell, Douglas M., 101 Machinist, Peter B., 203 Malamat, Avraham, 47, 49 Malul, Meir, 3
Master, Daniel M., 46 Matthews, Victor H., 124 Mayes, A. D. H., 82 Mazar, Benjamin, 84 McC. Adams, Robert, 45 McCarter, P. Kyle, 118
McKeating, Henry, 24, 35, 72, 114 McKillop, Bron, 123
Meek, Theophile J., 212, 219 Menahem, 23
Merz, Erwin, 103 Me¯ sarumˇ decrees, 102 Michaelis, J. D., 173
GENERAL INDEX
Michalowski, Piotr, 217
Miles, John C., 132, 173–174, 218, 219 Milgrom, Jacob M., 21, 24, 25, 72, 77, 82,
87, 96, 100
Miller, William Ian, 13, 99 Mishaly, Ayala, 52 Monarchy
in ancient Israel, 32–33, 35, 36, 48 in Mesopotamia, 36, 42, 126
see also Government control: in Mesopotamia
Moore, Ellen Whitney, 211
Moran, William L., 111, 179, 180, 214 Muhly, J. D., 122
Muskˇe¯ num (member of Mesopotamian social class), 162–164
Naboth’s vineyard, 48 Nader, Laura, 24
Narrative texts, use in reconstructing legal history, 4–5, 8, 10, 18, 35, 36, 117–120, 125, 205
Naveh, J., 6
Nehemiah’s taking refuge in Temple, 73, 74
Neo-Babylonian texts on homicide, 5–6 Neufeld, E., 219
Nicolsky, N.M., 72, 103 Norr,¨ Dieter, 131
Nougayrol, Jean, 196, 214, 215, 216, 217
O’Connor, Michael, 13, 21, 154, 155 Oppenheim, A. Leo, 15, 111, 210, 214 Ordeal, river, 65–66
Orlin, Louis Lawrence, 210 O’Sullivan, John, 143 Osumi, Yuichi, 147
Otten, H., 185
Otterbein, Charlotte Swanson, 23 Otterbein, Keith F., 23
Parker, Robert, 101, 103
Parpola, Simo, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 63, 69, 213
Paul, Shalom M., 2, 74, 76, 120, 140, 142, 175
Peiser, F. E., 218 Petschow, Herbert, 167 Pfeiffer, Robert H., 55
Phillips, Anthony, 51–52, 118
Physical act that causes death, 10, 117–119, 120
Pinches, T. G., 212
Pollution, 9–10, 85, 86, 94–115, 144, 154 ancient Greek concept, 100–101, 103 death as pollutant, 96
ethical impurity, 100, 203
homicide and ritual and ethical impurities, 100–103, 202–203