It is interesting to know

 Reading

Find answers to the questions marked a) in the passage from the story by Erskine Caldwell given below. Then read the story again and answer the questions marked b).

a) 1. What was the first thing Tuffy Webb saw when he woke up that morning?

2. What colour was the silk band round the hat?

3. What did Tuffy do as soon as he jumped out of bed?

4. How did Tuffy walk past the mirror?

5. Why did he pull his hat carefully over his head while he was cooking breakfast?

6. Why did his hat, tilted over one ear, looked like a cock’s comb?

7. What did Tuffy have to do after breakfast?

8. Why did he finally decide to leave his new hat at the house?

9. What did he remember seeing a cow at once?

10. Where did Tuffy place his hat when he went to drive the cows to the pasture?

b) 1. What kind of feeling did the new straw hat give Tuffy?

2. How was the hat to change Tuffy’s position among his neighbours?

3. How was the new hat to affect Nancy and make her change her attitude towards

Tuffy?

4. Why was Tuffy reluctant to part with his new straw hat for even a moment?

When Tuffy Webb woke up that morning, the first thing he saw was his new straw hat hanging on the back of the cane-bottomed chair beside the bed. The red, orange, and blue silk band around the hat looked as bright in the sunshine as the decorations in the store windows in town on circus days. He reached out and felt the rough crown and brim running his fingers over the stiff brown straw. He would never have to step aside for anybody, in a hat like that. That was all he needed, to get the world by the tail.

‘Maybe that won’t knock a few eyes out,’ Tuffy said, throwing off the covers and leaping to the floor. ‘They’ll all be cross-eyed from looking at it’.

He placed the hat carefully on his head and walked over to the mirror on the wall. The new straw hat looked even finer Sunday morning than it had Saturday night, when he tried it on in the store.

‘When Nancy sees this hat, she’ll come tumbling,’ Tuffy said, stepping back and tilting the hat a little on one side of his head and winking at himself under the brim.

He walked past the mirror several times, free and easy in his loose knee-length nightshirt, turning his eyes to see himself passing. It was easy to get up courage in a hat like that.

‘I could have all the girls after me now if I wanted them,’ he said to himself.

Tuffy got dressed in a hurry and made a fire in the cookstove. He pulled the hat down carefully over his head so it would not fall off and hit the floor while he was cooking breakfast.

During all the time he was in the kitchen he kept thinking to himself that he would not have to keep back much longer after that, not after Nancy saw him in his hat. She would be tickled to death to marry him now, the first time she saw him walking up to her house with the sailor* tilted over one ear, sort of like a cock’s comb that always looked like it was going to fall off but never did.

After breakfast Tuffy had to drive the cows to the pasture on the other side of the creek because it had become time for them to have a change of feed, and the grass over there was ready for grazing.

He started off his hat on his head, but he got to thinking about it and finally decided he ought to leave it at the house. Sometimes a yearling took to heels* and bolted into a thicket, and he didn’t like to think of taking any chances of having the hat fall off into briers and mud, and maybe being trampled by the cows. Now that he was thinking about it, he remembered seeing a cow chew up a straw hat once and swallow it.

He hurried back to the house and hung the hat on the cane-bottomed chair beside the bed.

*a yearling took to heels – a year-old cow or bull ran away from the herd

*a sailor – a flat straw hat.

Exercise 1

Find the English equivalents in the text.

Дуже сильно зрадіти, широка нічна сорочка довжиною до колін, вітрина, солом’яний капелюх (2), тікати в чагарник, поля капелюха, шипшина, стілець із очерету, падати (2), бути розтоптаним коровами, струмок, пасти худобу, наголовок капелюха, нахилити капелюха на бік, шовкова стрічка, підморгувати, стрибати, приміряти.

 Speaking

Discuss in pairs.

1. How does weather affect the way you are dressed?

2. What exactly did you wear to the last three parties you have been to?

3. What exactly would you wear on each of the occasions listed below?

1. an open-air rock concert

b) a formal garden party

c) a new disco’s first night

d) a summer afternoon on the river

e) a quiet evening at home

f) a barbecue on the beach

4. What clothes do you find most attractive on a woman, on a man?

5. In which periods of history do you think men and women were dressed especially attractively? Describe what you like about these clothes.

6. What clothes have you seen in the street or in the shops recently that really appealed to you?

7. What clothes have you bought over the past year? How often have you worn them?

Do you still like them? What condition are they in now?

8. Do you dress up for formal occasions? What do you wear to dress up?

9. Which clothes do you like wearing most? Describe your favourite item of clothing.

10. What clothes do people in this country wear?

11. What do people wear for work?

12. What are people’s clothes at home?

13. Do you give time and thought to what you wear each day?

14. Are clothes important to you? Are you clothes-conscious?

15. Do you think people feel different when they wear different clothes?

16. Do you dress the same when you are depressed as you do when you are happy? In

what ways do you dress differently?

10. What do you think of the following?

1. Clothes do not make the man.

2. Cut your coat according to your cloth.

Jewellery and Ornaments

anklet bracelet brooch bugle chain charm crown cufflink/stud earring clip (earring) drop earring pendant earrings sleeper

necklace a string of beads ring wedding ring signet (ring) pendant tiara tie pin tie clip precious stones semi-precious stones amber amethyst

aquamarine diamond emerald gem moonstone pearl ruby sapphire topaz turquoise

Exercise 1

Give the names of the following items of jewellery and ornaments.

1. b _ _ _ _ _ 2. c _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. p _ _ _ _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. b _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. c _ _ _ _ 6. r _ _ _ 7. w _ _ _ _ _ _ r_ _ _ 8. s _ _ _ _ _ r _ _ _

9. n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10. p _ _ _ _ _ _ t _ _ p _ _ c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Exercise 2

Choose the right answer.

1. She wore a beautiful …… of pearls round her neck.

a) band b) bracelet c) string

2. Her chain was made of ……. gold, unmixed with any other metal.

a) clean b) pure c) dishonest

3. “ What a beautiful pearl necklace!” “ The pearls are not ……, I’m afraid.”

a) real b) true c) actual

4. She wore a dark red velvet dress, with a diamond …….. round her neck.

a) bracelet b) necklace c) string

5. Although it was only ……. jewellery, it looked real enough.

a) fictional b) untrue c) imitation

6. The …….. stones our company mines are now known to be priceless.

a) imitation b) precious c) gem

 Speaking

Discuss in pairs.

1. Do you wear jewellery? If so, what kind of jewellery do you wear?

2. How often do you wear jewellery?

3. What is your favourite kind of jewellery?

Exercise 3

A fashion show is being held. Look at the pictures, then go through the presenter’s commentary and underline the correct item.

“…Sam is wearing a casual/

formal cotton shirt with a floral pattern. The neck is open and the sleeves are slightly rolled up. He is also wearing smart, loose-fitting/tight-fitting dark grey trousers with a gold-buckled black leather belt. On his feet he is wearing slip-on/sling-back leather shoes. Amanda is wearing a round-necked, short-sleeved/

long-sleeved, navy cotton T-shirt and shorts with large dark blue and white flowers on them. She has a white belt round her waist and white, leather, low-heeled/

high-heeled shoes on her feet.

Dressed with classic elegance, Julia and Anna introduce this winter’s look. On the right, Julia is wearing a long, brown, tailored jacket/overcoat with wide, dark brown velvet lapels and narrow velvet cuffs/wrists. Under this she is wearing a brown, button-down blouse/pullover with a narrow collar/neck, a waistcoat and a matching brown skirt/dress with a slit at the front. She has brown socks/tights on her feet. She is also wearing dark brown leather mittens/gloves and a dark brown wide-brimmed helmet/hat. Anna is wearing a fitted jacket fastened with gold zips/buttons. She is also wearing brown trousers. She is holding a loose-fitting overcoat with a wide velvet collar.”

Exercise 4

Translate into English.

1. Її норковий палантин, в’ язані шапка, шарф і рукавички були засніжені.

2. Мамі нещодавно подарували розкішну шерстяну шаль, яка так пасує до її пальто з капюшоном, що знімається.

3. Влітку, щоб захистити своє волосся від сонця, вона носить барвисту хустку, панаму, чи капелюх від сонця, або оздоблений квітами солом’яний бриль з яскравою стрічкою.

4. Їй дуже личать берети і фетрові капелюхи з широкими полями.

5. Вчора мій чоловік купив собі ондатрового кашкета з козирком, шкіряним верхом і навушниками, а нашій донечці мохерову шапку з помпоном.

6. Амулет – це річ, яка вважається такою, що має магічну силу.

7. Всім відомо, що жінки люблять ювелірні вироби і різноманітні прикраси з коштовним (перлинами, діамантами, смарагдами, сапфірами, рубінами, бірюзою, аметистом) і напівкоштовним (місячним каменем, бурштином, топазом) камінням,такі як намисто, каблучки, ланцюжки, кліпси, браслети, сережки, браслети для ніг, брошки, кулони тощо.

Listening

Look at the pictures taken at a fashion show. Who is casually dressed? Who is formally dressed? Who is wearing: a) trainers, b) knee-high boots, c) a polo-neck jumper, d) high-heeled, sling-back shoes, e) braces, f) a scarf, g) a jacket which has a tie fastening at one side? h) a leather jacket.

Now listen to Janet describing each model’s clothes to help you find their names. Then, describe each model’s clothes.

 Speaking

Plan what clothes the following people will need to pack:

1. A businessman flying to a 3-day conference in Vienna in February.

2. A honeymoon couple going for a three-week Mediterranean holiday in June.

3. A student travelling with a rucksack for a month.

4. A young couple going for a weekend skiing holiday.

5. An 18-year-old girl going to stay for a weekend with friends.

6. A youngster going on a two-week language course in another country.

Exercise 5

Write a brief description of each person below, referring to his or her clothes. Use any of the words from the exercises above and any of the following words which may be suitable.

wellingtons	epaulettes	beret	shorts
single-breasted	cardigan	striped	flared
spotted	waistcoat	singlet	top hat

spectacles floral braces clinging dress

Exercise 6

See if you can complete this crossword with the help of the clues that follow. The clues and the answers include most of the items of clothing you are likely to wear or see worn.

Clues across:

2. The sewing round the bottom of a skirt, blouse, slacks, etc. (3)

4. When you’ve undressed, you’ll probably be this. (5)

6. A military jacket, but quite fashionable. (5)

9. A fastener that needs a hole. (6)

11. You may hear ‘brassiere’, but most people call it this. (3)

12. A knitted woollen jacket. (8)

15. An anorak is an example of one. (4)

17. Part of a three-piece suit. (9)

19. What a dress often used to be called and still occasionally is. (5)

21. You won’t see it too often; it’ll be under a shirt or top. (4)

23. If you haven’t got 9 Across, this will help you to keep things together. (3)

27. Put it in front of 15 Across to make one word that’ll keep you warm. (4)

29. They used to be called ‘knickers’, but this word is taking over. (7)

31. Thesole is the front part of 51 Across; this is the back. (4)

32. You’ll hear people call it a sweater, a jersey and a jumper as well. (8)

35. A bathing costume (bikini for ladies, trunks for men) is now often referred to

as a swim… . (4)

36. A cardinal’s robe is often… . (3)

37. A corset and a girdle are examples of …wear. (5)

39. Apart from on the finger, you might find a ring on the … . (3)

41. The part of the jacket to grab if you are angry with someone. (5)

42. Black arm-… are worn as a sign of respect for the dead. (5)

43. Tight trousers and bootlace ties were in vogue over thirty years … . (3)

44. Hamlet was probably wearing breeches and a chemise when he said to himself:

‘To… or not to…’ (2)

45. An important part of gentlemen’s morning dress. (3 – 3)

46. One of a pair that children often wear on their hands. (6)

48. The currency you’d probably use to buy a 64 Across

49. If you haven’t got buckles, you may need these to keep your shoes on. (5)

51. A word for a plimsoll, clog or sandal. (4)

52. To look like a he-man, you might need …. shoulders for your jacket. (6)

54. A top Roman wouldn’t be seen in public without one. (4)

58. It stretches from the cuff to the shoulder. (6)

59. Wear it with a 22 Down T-shirt to look like a French onion-seller. (5)

61. Another way of saying ‘a piece of clothing’. (1- 7)

64. An oriental robe usually worn barefoot. (6)

65. Similar to a petticoat, it’s another example of 37 Across. (4)

67. Polish and varnish are for furniture, but also for these. (5)

68. A lady who wears a habit. (3)

69. Something for Hindu ladies to wear, with or without a veil. (4)

70. The sergeant-major on parade might wear one over his uniform. (4)

72. Like a slide and a ribbon, something for ladies to put in their hair. (4)

73. In America they cover a man’s legs; in England they don’t. (5)

74. Something like a shawl. (5)

75. If a woman wears the…. at home, it means she’s the boss. (8)

76. It will often be worn over a pair of shorts: a…-suit. (5)

Clues Down:

1. It often follows the words: cowboy, Wellington, football. (4)

2. It might be a boater, a bowler, a trilby and a turban. (3)

3. A colloquial name for a raincoat. (3)

4. An artistic form of 4 Across. (4)

5. That rather smart suit could well be a …jacket. (6)

7. A collar goes round this part of you. (4)

8. An informal but quite elegant variation on 9 Down and 18 Down. (6)

9. You can wear one with 53 Down. (3 –3)

10. You can’t get much more elegant than these, gentlemen! (5)

11. This will look good with 8 Down in the clubhouse after the game. (6)

13. Something to protect the hands of a boxer, housewife or skier. (5)

14. Something for the queen to wear when a tiara would be too informal. (5)

16. The number of red shirts in a full Manchester United strip, not counting substitutes’ kit. (3)

18. You’ll often wear a suit and … . (3)

20. A robe worn by men of the church. (7)

22. Along with check, the most popular pattern on clothes. (7)

24. A fold on a skirt, dress or gym slip. (5)

25. What dungarees can do outside the kitchen, this will do inside. (5)

26. Something else you could put on instead of dungarees: an over… . (3)

28. A silk fabric, handsome jackets were made of it in 30 Down times. (6)

29. It’s used on a tie or a baby’s nappy. (3)

30. We describe costumes and outfits at the time of King Edward as…. . (9)

31. You might wear one in a game of cricket; you must wear one on a motor-bike;

you would probably have worn with a suit of armour. (6)

33. It helps you to know which way round to wear certain articles of clothing –

stops you wearing them back to front or inside out. (5)

34. If you have got an … -neck shirt on, you won’t need an 18 Down. (4)

38. You might wear one in preference to pyjamas. (10)

40. Many soldiers’ wives wore chastity belts during the Middle …. . (4)

47. To a large extent they have replaced stockings and suspenders. (6)

50. Worn on a horse rider’s heel to keep his horse going. (4)

53. An abbreviation for 5 Down. (2)

55. Often worn at the same time as a dressing gown. (8)

56. You don’t see many people over sixty wearing blue …..(5)

57. A form of 56 Down, named after a man called Strauss. (5)

59. It’s part of a car, but a woman might wear it on her head. (6)

60. An engagement or a diamond one? (4)

62. The university professor may have to slip it on quite often. (4)

63. Headwear for the jockey and maybe the worker. (3)

64. What does a Scot wear under his…? (4)

66. If your trousers are this, use a belt. (5)

69. She was wearing a beautiful Japanese … scarf. (4)

71. It’ll cover the head; it is often part of a duffel coat. (4)

73. Take off your dress, put it on a hanger; take off your coat, put it on this. (3)

Exercise 7

Translate into English.

Що означають таємничі абревіатури Сb, Ct, A5, A5 black tie та інші літери написані внизу запрошення на вечірку або прийом? Річ у тому, що це дрес-код, який дає можливість організаторам заходу попередити гостей про форму вбрання заздалегідь.

Найбільш урочистий дрес-код –“Біла краватка”- стоїть на запрошеннях VIP-класу. Існує декілька нагод – вручення “Оскара”, бали при королівських дворах або вручення Нобелівської премії – які зобов’язують одягати фрак. До фраку одягається білий жилет та краватка-метелик. Чорні лаковані черевики та кишеньковий годинник довершують цей консервативний наряд. Пані на таких подіях одягнені в довгі вечірні сукні, обов’язково в панчохах, в довгих рукавичках до ліктя і зі справжніми коштовностями (часто взятими напрокат). Сукні з відкритими плечима доповнюють палантином із дорогого хутра.

Для офіційного дрес-коду більше розповсюджений смокінг. На запрошенні в цьому випадку пишеться “Чорна краватка” або “Смокінг”. Смокінг – це традиційно чорний сильно відкритий на грудях піджак з довгими атласними або шовковими лацканами. Він може бути однобортним або двобортним, з англійським коміром і коміром-шалькою, на двох, чотирьох або шести гудзиках. Як правило, до смокінга одягають краватку-метелика чорного кольору та кушак. Щодо взуття, черевики повинні обов’язково бути чорними і на шнурках, але не лаковані. Нещодавно з’явився ще один варіант святкового вбрання для чоловіків – спенсер (піджак з атласними лацканами). На відміну від смокінгу, його можна носити весь день з краваткою-метеликом або звичайною краваткою.

На весілля, юбілеї, національні свята необхідно одягатися відповідно дрес-коду, який називається Formal: чоловіки одягають класичний костюм – темно-синій в тоненьку смужку, темно-сірий, рідше – чорний. Офіційний костюм може бути лише однотонним, також бажано уникати яскравих жилетів. Разом з білою однобарвною сорочкою і шовковою краваткою спокійного забарвлення такий костюм буде доречним навіть на офіційному прийомі від імені голови держави і його дружини. На заходи, які починаються раніше ніж 19.00, можна одягати костюм світлих відтінків. В цьому випадку пані можуть одягти не довгі вечірні сукні, а сукні для коктелю: трохи нижче колін, без рукавів, із дорогої, але не кричущої тканини.

Якщо в запрошенні написано: Semi-formal, Black Tie Optional, Cocktail – це значить, що чоловіки замість кушака можуть надіти до смокінга жилет і краватку-метелика іншого кольору. Краватка може бути яскравою і модною. На неформальну вечірку можна одягти піджак зверху на трикотажний джемпер. Є й інші абревіатури: Ct (casual travel) означає невимушений стиль, А5 - після 17.00.

Однак дрес-код є не лише основою етикету урочистих подій. Вимоги до офісного вбрання співробітників – це корпоративний дрес-код. У великих корпораціях вимоги бувають дуже суворими: на декількох сторінках контракту детально обговорюється, що повинен одягати співробітник, і навіть відсоток вмісту поліестеру в тканині костюма.

В діловому одязі не повинно бути більше трьох кольорів і двох типів візерунків. Одяг та аксесуари можуть бути витримані в сірих та блакитних відтінках, можливий також коричневий. В цілому в українських компаніях умови не дуже суворі. Проте, збираючись на інтерв’ю з роботодавцем, необхідно враховувати наступні деталі:

• абсолютно неприйнятними є великі сережки та браслети;

• костюм і сорочка повинні бути чистими, взуття –охайним;

• не можна одягати шкіряний одяг або краватку-метелика, мати при собі пластиковий пакет набитий паперами.

Щоб керувати компанією і мати гарну кар’єру необхідно виглядати респектабельно. Це частина професії, котра приносить додаткові дивіденди. Якщо людина приходить на переговори в джинсах, вона виказує неповагу до партнерів і це просто значить, що вона не професіонал. Гарно одягнена особа, по-перше, знайома з усіма стилями одягу, по-друге, вона цікавиться новими тенденціями в моді, і по-третє, вона знає правила етикету.

Щоб почуватися зручно у будь-якій ситуації, можна створити свій універсальний дрес-код: строгий костюм, що добре на вас сидить, акуратні класичні черевики, охайні руки. Доведеться сказати “ні” різким парфумам і фантастичним зачіскам.

PART III