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How to comply with MARPOL Annex VI 2011 for EEEDI ?

•IMO Study on GHG 2009 is giving some information how to approach on this question by MACC (Marginal Abatement Cost Curve analysis) (MEPC59/INF.10)

•Some organizations has conducted similar analysis/studies

•NMRI also conducted a study on MACC for various ship types using information of IMO GHG studies and additional statistical investigations

Marginal Abatement Cost Curve analysis (MACC)

Schematic expression of MAC MAC = (MC+FC) / A

MC: Cost of GHG emission reduction (US$) FC: Relative cost of fuel consumption (US$) A: GHG reduction (ton of CO2)

•Based on many estimations and assumption on

–Future ship fleet size, ships’ life and trend of new ship building

–Fuel consumption and fuel cost in future

–Methods/ technologies for CO2 emission reduction and their cost

–Economic growth and interest rate

All ship types 2020 Fuel 500$/ton, interest rate 4.0%, value as today

Measures	Max. Abatement Potential (M ton)		Cost efficiency (US$/ton CO2)
	Median (upper / lower)		Median (upper / lower)
1 retrofit hull improvement	32.0	( 11.3 / 52.8 )	-95 ( -93 / -97 )
2 other retrofit options; kite	58.9	( 39.2 / 78.5 )	-80 ( -72 / -87 )
3 air lubrication	20.2 ( 15.3 / 25.1 )		-77 ( -64 / -89 )
4 propeller maintenance	35.5 ( 6.3 / 62.8 )		-60 ( -24 / -97 )
5 voyage and operation options	25.7 ( 1.2 / 50.2 )		-48 ( 0	/ -97 )
6 hull shape improvement	48.6	( 48.6 / 48.6 )	-45 ( -44 / -46 )
7 waste heat recovery	36.5	( 36.5 / 36.5 )	-5 ( -4	/	-6 )
8 speed reduction	109.7 ( 109.7 / 109.7 )		27 ( 41	/	14 )
9 hull coating and maintenance	65.9	( 6.3 / 125.6 )	88 ( 272 / -96 )
10 main engine retrofit	4.6 ( 1.2 / 8.1 )		190 ( 272 / -78 )
11 propeller/propulsion system upgrade	29.3 ( 1.2 / 57.5 )		134 ( 362 / -93 )
12 auxiliary systems	5.1	( 0.1 / 10.0 )	456 ( 981 / -68 )

All ship types 2030 Fuel 500$/ton, interest rate 4.0%, value as today

Measures	Max. Abatement Potential (M ton)				Cost efficiency (US$/ton CO2)
	Median (upper / lower)				Median (upper / lower)
1 retrofit hull improvement	60	( 21 / 99 )			-64 ( -63 / -65 )
2 other retrofit options; kite	128	( 85 / 170 )			-54 ( -49 / -59 )
3 air lubrication	57 (		41 / 74 )		-51 ( -43 / -60 )
4 propeller maintenance	65 ( 12 / 118 )				-46 ( -27 / -65 )
5 voyage and operation options	48 (		2 / 94 )		-40 ( -15 / -65 )
6 hull shape improvement	133 ( 133			/ 133 )	-29 ( -28 / -30 )
7 waste heat recovery	102 ( 102			/ 102 )	-8 (	-7 /	-8 )
8 speed reduction	213 ( 215			/ 215 )	2 (	8 /	-5 )
9 hull coating and maintenance	122 (		7 / 236 )		41 ( 146		/ -65)
10 main engine retrofit	9	(	2 /	16 )	53 ( 159 / -54 )
11 propeller/propulsion system upgrade	57 (		2 / 111 )		85 ( 233 / -63 )
12 auxiliary systems	10 (		0 / 19 )		318 ( 683		/ -48 )

1 Retrofit hull improvements		7 Waste heat recovery
2	Other retrofit options: towing kite	8	Speed reduction
3	Air lubrication	9	Hull coating and maintenance
4 Propeller maintenance		10 Main engine retrofit
5 Voyage and operations options		11 Propeller/propulsion system upgrades
6	Hull systems	12 Auxiliary systems

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8

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10 11 12

All ship types 2020 Fuel 500$/ton, interest rate 4.0%, value as today

	1	Retrofit hull improvements	7 Waste heat recovery
			8 Speed reduction
	2	Other retrofit options: towing kite
			9 Hull coating and maintenance
	3	Air lubrication

	4 Propeller maintenance	10 Main engine retrofit
		11 Propeller/propulsion system upgrades
	5 Voyage and operations options
		12 Auxiliary systems
	6 Hull systems

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12

All ship types 2030 Fuel 500$/ton, interest rate 4.0%, value as today

Consideration on MACC

•Methodology of calculation of MACC has been developed and verified, and is being used by various organizations;

•It is still necessary to reduce the wide uncertainty in assumption in cost and effect of measures for GHG emission reduction, future ship fleet size, future economy growth and future fuel cost;

•Such estimation would partially depend on the strategy of shipping ;

•Methodology of can be used for desining of individual ship.

Ship and environment

•Ships have closed relation with their environment (water and air) from their construction, through operation, until decommission and recycling.

•World fleet size of ships is increasing.

•The environment is a finite world.

•Ships need to be friendly with the environment.

Green House Gases

NOx SOx PM

Ship

Recycling

Ballast water

Underwater			Anti-Fouling
noise	Garbage, Waste	Oil / Chemical	System,
	and Wash-water	(Fuel/cargo)	VOC

Harmonization / Sustainability

•Sustainable activities are those that fulfil society’s present needs without impacting on the ability of future generations to provide for their needs.

•Actions designed to improve environmental sustainability shall also be affordable and acceptable by the society.

•A measure to be taken to improve an aspect of environmental protection should not degrade the other aspect of environmental protection.

•Impact analysis of risk control option to all the aspect of safety and environmental protection shall be conducted, and methodology for such impact analysis shall be developed.

Example: Impact of BWMS to other aspects

	Safety	Oil spill	NOx	Ballast	GHG	AFS	Ship
			SOx	water			Recycle

NYK Line

Super-eco ship

Green ship future

Univ. of Tokyo Zero-emission ship

DNV Passenger ship concept

Green ship future

Innovative design concept

•All ship type

–Cleaner fuel / gas fuel / hydrogen fuel

–Clean engine room – integrated bilge treatment system(IBTS)

–Design for recycling

•Container ships

–Diesel-generators installed in bottom of ships; usage of space above for container cargo hold

–Electric propulsion system (possibility of front drive + rear side-thruster)

–Forecastle navigation bridge and accommodation and use aft for cargo

•Bulk carriers

–Non-ballast water ship

–Much efficient unloading system and just-on-time operation

•Oil tankers

–Non-ballast water ships

–Semi-submerged tanker

ISO/TC8 Ship and Marine Technology

ISO/TC8 is challenging toward “Environmentally Friendly ships” by supporting industries and IMO

Ship recycling – ISO 30000 series (TC8WG1) Anti-fouling systems (AFS) – ISO 13073 series (TC8SC2)

Oil Spill response – ISO 21072 series, ISO 17325 series (TC8SC2) Ship-board garbage management – ISO 21070 (TC8SC2)

Port Reception Facilities – ISO 16304 (TC8SC2) Underwater noise – ISO 16554 (TC8SC2)

Ballast water management – sampling of ballast water (TC8SC3 and SC2)

Green House Gas (GHG) Emission (TC8SC2 and SC6) Sea trial standard ISO 15016

Calculation method of Energy Efficiency of Design Index of new ships (EEDI)

Calculation method and management of Energy Efficiency Operational indicator (EEOI)

NOx SOx PM emission