Glossary Analytical languages – the languages in which the grammatical meanings are expressed by the auxiliary words, word order and prepositions.

Anomalous verbs – verbs with irregular forms.

Grammatical category–– the term, denoting the expression of grammatical meanings, with the help of grammatical means.

Inflected parts of speech–– the parts of speech that possess endings and can be declined or conjugated.

Neutralisation –– the loss of phonetically or grammatically relevant features (simplification, merging of some forms).

Oblique cases–– all the cases except of the Nominative case.

Paradigm –– the set of all the usable forms of a word.

Preterite-presents – the verbs that express the result of the preceding action, which is considered as a present action. They were inflected in the Present like the Past tense of strong verbs and in the Past like weak verbs.

Strong verbs – they can be compared with NE irregular verbs because formed their stems by means of vowel gradation and by adding certain suffixes; in some verbs vowel gradation was accompanied by consonant interchanges.

Suppletive verbs – their paradigms are made up of several roots (NE go – went – gone; Russian идти – шёл; Ukrainian йти – йшов).

Synthetic languages– the languages in which the grammatical meanings are shown with the help of different inflections.

Weak verbs – they can be compared with NE regular verbs because as usual derived their Past tense stem and the stem of Participle II from the Present tense stem with the help of the dental suffix –d- or –t-.

Literature

A) Principal:

1. Історія англійської мови / Навчальний посібник для самостійної роботи студентів-філологів, що вивчають англійську мову як фах. – Полтава, 2002. – C. 40-54.

2. Rastorgueva T.A. A History of English. – M., 1983. – Chapter IX (P. 92-124).

B) Supplementary:

1. Залесская Л.Д. Пособие по истории английского языкадля заочных отделений факультетов английского языка педагогических институтов. – М., 1984.–С. 24-42.

2. Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П., Беляева Т.М. История английского языка… –С. 100-108, 112-116, 124-128, 133-151.

3. Аракин В.Д. История английского языка: Учеб.пособие для студентов пед. ин-тов. – М.: Просвещение,1985. – Глава III. – С.45-88.

4. Ильиш Б.А. История английского языка. (На англ. яз.) Учебник для студентов фак. иностр. яз. пед. ин-тов. – Л.,1972. – C. 63-110.

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