Theoretical part

1.Geographical position of the usa

The United states of America is the fourth largest country in the world in both area and population. The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, one federal district (Washington, D.C.), and one incorporated territory (Palmyra Atoll).The total area of the USA is 3.6 million square miles which is equal to about 9.6 million square kilometres. The population of the USA is about 250 million people. Out of the 50 states, California is the most populous, with an estimated 38,332,521 residents as of 2013;The United States covers the entire midsection of North America, stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the East to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It is also bordered by Canada And Mexico. It also includes Alaska, in the northwest corner of North America; and Hawaii, far out in the Pacific. The country, excluding Alaska and Hawaii, has three major mountain ranges which traverse it from north to south. Looking at the eastern United States we find the Appalachian Mountains. As geologically old mountains, the Appalachians generally are no higher than about 3500 feet. The Appalachian Mountains extend from the northern trip of Maine southwestward to Alabama. This region has many mountain ranges, such as the White Mountains and the Green Mountains of northern New England. Travelling west, the next great range mountains is the Rockies. The Rockies are geologically younger than the Appalachians and therefore they are higher and more rugged. Finally, near the west coast, you will see both the sierras and the Cascades. The Sierras and the Cascades make up the western coastal range. It is in the Sierras that the highest peak in the US is located. This is Mount Whitney with an elevation of some 14500 feet. As I have known for many years it was thought that Mount Shasta was the highest mountain. But in 1864 the Whitney Geological Survey discovered Mount Whitney to be higher than Shasta. And as you have already guessed probably it was named in honor of Josiah Dwight Whitney, the state geologist and leader of the Geological Survey.  Now, let’s discuss the geography of the land areas that these great mountain ranges divide. We begin with the western coastal range and move toward the east. This huge area basically consists of plateaus and plains. The area between the Coastal Range and the Rockies is most often called the Intermontane Plateau and makes up 1/3 of the area of the country. The area is generally higher and drier than the areas that lie to the east. Further to the east we enter the vast interior lowland. The interior lowland comprises one half of the area of the US. Geographically, this lowland contains three distinct regions. Starting at the Rockies and moving eastward is the great plains, the highest and the driest of the three regions. East of the Great Plains and continuing to the Appalachian Mountains is the Central Lowland. The third region is the Coastal Plain which extends from Texas in the south-west through the Florida peninsula and all the way to New York in the north-east.  The US is a land of rivers and lakes. Mississippi River is the major river the United States (2,339 miles) (3,765 km). It flows from northwestern Minnesota south to the Gulf of Mexico, just below the city of New Orleans. It is a significant transportation artery and when combined with its major tributaries (the Missouri and Ohio rivers) it becomes the third largest river system in the world. The USA has rich deposits of coal, oil, iron, zinc, copper, silver, phosphate rock, natural gas, uranium and nonferrous metals. The country has one fourth of the world’s coal deposits. 2.State system of the USA

The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, one federal district (Washington, D.C.), and one incorporated territory (Palmyra Atoll). States are the primary subdivisions of the United States, and possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, such as regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, and ratifying Constitutional amendments. Under the tenth amendment to the Constitution, the states can exercise all powers that are not delegated to the federal government.^[2] Each state has its own government, consisting of an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch.^[3] They are all represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate (the upper house) and the House of Representatives (the lower house). Each state is represented by two Senators, while Representatives are awarded to each state in proportion to their total population.^[4] The federal district does not have representatives in the Senate, but has a non-voting delegate in the House. Each state, as well as the federal district, is entitled to electors in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States, equal to the combined number of senators and representatives that state has in Congress.^[5] Congress can admit more states, but it cannot create a new state from territory of an existing state or merge two or more states into one without the consent of all states involved.In addition to the 50 states and federal district, the United States has control over 14 territories. Five of them (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) have a permanent, nonmilitary population, while nine of them (the United States Minor Outlying Islands) do not. With the exception of Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, which are located in the Caribbean, all territories are located in the Pacific Ocean. One territory, Palmyra Atoll, is considered to beincorporated, meaning the full body of the Constitution has been applied to it; the other territories are unincorporated, meaning the Constitution does not fully apply to them. Ten territories (the Minor Outlying Islands and American Samoa) are considered to be unorganized, meaning they have not had an Organic Act enacted by Congress; the four other territories are organized, meaning they have had an Organic Act that has been enacted by Congress. The five inhabited territories each have limited autonomy in addition to having territorial legislatures and governors, but residents cannot vote in federal elections.Out of the 50 states, California is the most populous, with an estimated 38,332,521 residents as of 2013; Wyoming is the least populous, with an estimated 582,658 residents. The District of Columbia, with an estimated 646,449 residents as of 2012, has a higher population than the two least populous states (Wyoming and Vermont). The largest state by area isAlaska, encompassing 665,384 square miles (1,723,337 square kilometers), while the smallest is Rhode Island, encompassing 1,545 square miles (4,002 square kilometers). The first state to ratify the current Constitution was Delaware, which it did on December 7, 1787, while the newest state is Hawaii, which was admitted to the Union on August 21, 1959. The largest territory in terms of both population and size is Puerto Rico, with 3,725,789 residents as of the 2010 Census and a total area of 5,325 square miles (13,792 square kilometers)50 states:AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming